Machine learning- and multilayer molecular network-assisted screening hunts fentanyl compounds.

Fentanyl and its analogs are a global concern, making their accurate identification essential for public health. Here, we introduce Fentanyl-Hunter, a screening platform that uses a machine learning classifier and multilayer molecular network to select and annotate fentanyl compounds using mass spectrometry (MS). Our classification model, based on 772 fentanyl spectra and spectral binning feature engineering, achieved an score of 0.

The enhanced pathological response from additional immunotherapy improved recurrence-free survival for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-center cohort study.

Background: Immunotherapy shows promise in enhancing pathological responses in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC), but its long-term survival benefits remain uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the impact of adding immunotherapy to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) on survival in ESCC patients.

Methods: From five medical centers, 273 ESCC patients were studied, receiving either neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nICT) or nCT.

Application of machine learning based on habitat imaging and vision transformer to predict treatment response of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: a multi-center study.

Objective: Current medical examinations and biomarkers struggle to assess the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy (nICT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to develop a machine learning model integrating habitat imaging and deep learning (DL) to predict the treatment response of ESCC patients to nICT.

Methods: The study retrospectively collected 309 ESCC patients from 6 medical centers, divided into training and external validation cohorts.

Development and validation of a postoperative risk model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a significant risk of recurrence, even after curative treatment. While neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) combined with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) has shown promise in improving outcomes for patients with locally advanced, resectable ESCC, the factors contributing to early postoperative recurrence remain unclear. This study aims to identify high-risk factors for short-term recurrence and develop a predictive model for recurrence in patients with locally advanced, resectable ESCC treated with nICT followed by MIE (McKeown approach).

Modulation of Ryanodine Receptors on Microglial Ramification, Migration, and Phagocytosis in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

Microglial functions are linked to Ca signaling, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores playing a crucial role. Microglial abnormality is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but how ER Ca receptors regulate microglial functions under physiological and AD conditions remains unclear. We found reduced ryanodine receptor 2 (Ryr2) expression in microglia from an AD mouse model.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Tool for TMJ Morphological Alterations in Disc Displacement.

Introduction And Aims: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely utilized tool in routine clinical practice for TMJ assessment. This retrospective study investigated the presence of changes associated with disc displacement (DD) detected in CBCT and to correlate it with gender and condylar morphology.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 294 joints from 147 patients (105 females, 42 males) aged 18 to 41 years.

TNF-α Promotes Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis via NF-κB/YY1/miR-103a-3p Axis.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays important roles in inflammation and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the detailed mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Here, we found that the levels of microRNA (miR)-103a-3p were decreased markedly in the inflamed synovial tissues of patients with RA compared with osteoarthritis (OA) or healthy control subjects. Further studies uncovered that miR-103a-3p was significantly downregulated by TNF-α/IL-1β in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) through an NF-κB-dependent manner via the de novo produced transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1).

The prognostic power of major pathological response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: a multi-center cohort study.

Background: For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nICT) constitutes an innovative therapeutic strategy. However, The relationship between its short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis requires further clarification. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of major pathological response (MPR) in ESCC patients receiving nICT.

Multidisciplinary team management of congenital dysfibrinogenemia in pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Congenital dysfibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder involving abnormal fibrinogen function, leading to variable risks of bleeding and thrombosis. Its management during pregnancy is particularly challenging due to the potential for complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction. The absence of reliable predictive laboratory markers further complicate individualized risk assessment and clinical decision-making.

Impact of craniofacial skeletal characteristics on temporomandibular joint's articular disc position in temporomandibular disorders.

This retrospective study aims to: (1) determine whether craniofacial skeletal characteristics differ based on the type of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement (DD); and (2) identify cephalometric variables that correlate with and predict articular disc position. A total of 294 joints corresponding to 147 female patients, aged 18 to 41 years, were included. Based on the criteria of DC/TMD and subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, the joints were categorized into three groups: 1) bilateral normal disc position (BN), 2) disc displacement with reduction (DDR), and 3) disc displacement without reduction (DDWR).

An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial of Arginine Glutamate Injection for the Treatment of Mild Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety profile of arginine glutamate and L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) in treating mild hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and hyperammonemia in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: This single-center, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled patients aged 18-75 years with cirrhosis and mild HE. The patients were randomly allocated in the ratio of 1:1 using a randomization table to be treated with intravenous administration of arginine glutamate or LOLA for 7 days.

Ancient DNA reveals a two-clanned matrilineal community in Neolithic China.

Studies of ancient DNA from cemeteries provide valuable insights into early human societies, and have strongly indicated patrilocality. Here, we analysed ancient DNA alongside archaeological contexts and multiple stable isotopic data from 60 individuals in 2 separate cemeteries at the Fujia archaeological site in eastern China, dating between 2750 and 2500 BCE. Our findings suggest the existence of an early-described matrilineal community in the Neolithic period, characterized by high endogamy and a population practicing millet agriculture near the coast.

Investigation of Compatibility Mechanisms and Diffusion Behavior of Polymer SBS-Modified Asphalt Compatibilizer Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

Compatibilizers play a critical role in resolving compatibility issues between styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifiers and asphalt systems. These additives enhance the uniform dispersion of SBS modifiers and stabilize their cross-linked network structure within the asphalt matrix. This study employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations via Materials Studio (MS) to investigate the effects of a compatibilizer on compatibility mechanisms and diffusion behavior in SBS-modified asphalt (SBSMA).

ICG/MnO-HFn-mPEG-DSPE-Lip enhances the anticancer activity of ICG phototherapy.

Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. This study aims to design and synthesize PEGylated liposomes encapsulating MnO₂, indocyanine green (ICG), and H-chain ferritin (HFn) to potentially address hypoxia and enhance the therapeutic outcomes of PDT. PEGylated liposomes (ICG/MnO₂-HFn-mPEG-DSPE-Lip) were constructed with a rod-like structure, incorporating MnO₂ as a hypoxia-modulating agent and ICG as a photosensitizer.

Specific targeting of brain endothelial cells using enhancer AAV vectors.

Brain endothelial cells (BECs) in brain vasculature are critical structural and functional components of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids have previously been genetically engineered to confer specificity to endothelial cells, but these capsids show limited endothelial cell specificity that varies by delivery conditions. We developed a set of new BEC-enhancer AAV vectors that specifically target BECs based on the cis-regulatory elements identified from single-cell epigenetic datasets.

Tailoring Indolocarbazole-Bridged Multiple Resonance Emitter Through Steric Presubstitution for Narrowband Electroluminescence with EQE Over 40.

Multiple resonance (MR) emitters bridged by multi-nitrogen indolocarbazoles to extend molecule skeletons could modify emission maximums without scarifying narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM), which, however, face synthesis challenges of uncontrollable borylation regioselectivity and spectral broadening issue from intermolecular aggregation. Here, a steric presubstitution strategy is devised using tert-butylphenyl-functionalized indolo[3,2-b]carbazole as a bridge to extend MR skeletons, not only steering regioselective Bora-Friedel-Crafts borylation but also suppressing intermolecular interactions in films. The targeted greenish emitter, therefore, achieves a small electroluminescence FWHM of only 22 nm in device, matching the intrinsic photoluminescence one of 21 nm in dilute toluene.

Phosphor-Assisted TADF-Sensitized Fluorescence (pTSF) OLEDs: Faster Excitons, Brighter Futures.

The impressive efficiency and lifetime under ultrahigh luminance remain a long-standing challenge for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), as conventional fluorescent, phosphorescent, and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) systems universally suffer from accelerated bimolecular annihilation at elevated exciton densities. Recently, phosphor-assisted TADF-sensitized fluorescence (pTSF) has emerged as a groundbreaking architecture that synergistically integrates exciton utilization enhancement and radiative decay acceleration through breaking the singlet-triplet spin-flip cycles in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) hosts via multiple sensitizations. The OLEDs based on pTSF achieve not only a nearly roll-off-free on external quantum efficiency but also a remarkable power efficiency, even when operating at ultrahigh luminance levels exceeding 100,000 cd m.

Trapα deficiency impairs the early events of insulin biosynthesis and glucose homeostasis.

Defects in the early events of insulin biosynthesis, including inefficient preproinsulin (PPI) translocation across the membrane of the ER and proinsulin (PI) misfolding in the ER, can cause diabetes. Cellular machineries involved in these events remain poorly defined. Genes encoding translocon-associated protein α (TRAPα) show linkage to glycemic control in humans, though their pathophysiological role remains unknown.

A Feasible Simplified Pulmonary Ultrasound Scoring System for Evaluating Interstitial Lung Disease.

Transthoracic lung ultrasound is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease. However, no standard examination has been developed for pulmonary ultrasound scanning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of simplified transthoracic pulmonary ultrasound scoring through 6 intercostal spaces for the assessment of interstitial lung disease severity.

Ex vivo lung perfusion with GLP-1R agonist mitigates ischemia/reperfusion injury through pyroptosis modulation in lung transplantation- an experimental study.

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) presents a significant hurdle in lung transplantation. Our previous research showed that the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide (Lir) improves lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in murine models. This study aims to further investigate the lung-protective mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist.

Tobacco Smoking Rewires Cell Metabolism by Inducing GAPDH Succinylation to Promote Lung Cancer Progression.

Unlabelled: Patient behavior and physiology can directly affect cancer metabolism. Smoking is the leading risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we identified that smoking modulates lung cancer cell metabolism through altered protein post-translational modification.

An Adaptive Threshold-Based Pixel Point Tracking Algorithm Using Reference Features Leveraging the Multi-State Constrained Kalman Filter Feature Point Triangulation Technique for Depth Mapping the Environment.

Monocular visual-inertial odometry based on the MSCKF algorithm has demonstrated computational efficiency even with limited resources. Moreover, the MSCKF-VIO is primarily designed for localization tasks, where environmental features such as points, lines, and planes are tracked across consecutive images. These tracked features are subsequently triangulated using the historical IMU/camera poses in the state vector to perform measurement updates.

Study on the Effect of the Electron Density-Characterized Groups on the Nitrogen Transformation during Coal Pyrolysis.

This paper clarifies the effects of the functional groups on the nitrogen migration during coal pyrolysis by utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the support vector regression (SVR) modeling. First, the study evidences the enhanced pyrolysis by electron-donating groups (EDGs) and inhibition by electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs). For example, for pyridine pyrolysis, the inclusion of -NH (EDG) is found to decrease the endothermicity and the maximal barrier involved in the HCN generation from 612.