Impact of Sugarcane-Pumpkin Intercropping on Soil Microbial Diversity.

Intercropping has been widely proven to boost agricultural yields and control diseases. This study examined the impact of sugarcane monoculture (SM) and sugarcane-pumpkin intercropping (IP) systems on soil physicochemical characteristics and microbial community dynamics. Compared to monoculture, intercropping significantly increased soil pH by 8.

Function of and in Temperature Stress Response and Apoptosis in Fall Armyworm ().

The fall armyworm () is a major invasive pest. To explore its adaptive mechanisms under temperature stress, we conducted transcriptome analysis across six developmental stages and both sexes at 0, 26, and 46 °C. High-temperature stress induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 8,703) than low-temperature stress (5,426), with fourth instar larvae showing the most DEGs at low temperatures.

Identification of functional pathways and hub genes associated with the heterochronic development of sugarcane axillary buds and sett roots through multi-omics analysis.

Introduction: Sugarcane is primarily propagated for large-scale agricultural production through vegetative reproduction by planting stem cuttings. Development of sprout and sett root from the cuttings is essential for sugarcane plant to adapt to the field environment. We observed asynchronous development during the sprouting of stem cuttings in two sibling sugarcane cultivars sharing the same parent in cross breeding: the axillary buds of cultivar ZZ2 (ZZ2B) sprout earlier, while the sett roots of ZZ9 (ZZ9R) emerge sooner.

Characterization and Genome Analysis of Provides Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Pokkah Boeng Disease in China.

Pokkah Boeng Disease (PBD) is a severe and devastating disease that causes significant damage and yield losses in China. The pathogenic fungus is responsible for the rapid onset of top rot symptoms in sugarcane. In this study, we selected a representative strain, BS2-6, to perform morphological observations of colonies and determine pathogenicity.

Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Characterization of the Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (ACAD) Family in .

is one of the primary causal agents of Pokkah boeng disease (PBD), an important disease of sugarcane worldwide. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) constitute a family of flavoenzymes involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids and amino acid catabolism in mitochondria. However, the role of ACADs in the pathogenesis of is unclear.

Homeostasis of Calnexin Is Essential for the Growth, Virulence, and Hypovirus RNA Accumulation in the Chestnut Blight Fungus.

Calnexin, a calcium-binding protein, promotes correct protein folding and prevents incompletely folded glycopolypeptides from premature oxidation and degradation. Cryphonectria parasitica, an ascomycete fungus responsible for chestnut blight, poses a significant threat to the chestnut forest or orchards worldwide. Although various aspects of calnexin have been investigated, little is known about the impact of fungal viruses.

Enhanced Resistance to Pokkah Boeng Disease in Sugarcane Through Host-Induced Gene Silencing Targeting FsCYP51 in Fusarium sacchari.

Pokkah boeng disease (PBD), a common and highly destructive disease of sugarcane, is mainly caused by Fusarium sacchari. Breeding sugarcane resistant to PBD is challenging due to the limited availability of immune or highly resistant germplasm resources. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) based on RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising disease-control method that offers strong disease-targeting ability with low environmental impact.

Mitochondrial genome structural variants and candidate cytoplasmic male sterility-related gene in sugarcane.

Background: Sugarcane is a crucial crop for both sugar and bioethanol production. The nobilization breeding and utilization of wild germplasm have significantly enhanced its productivity. However, the pollen sterility in Saccharum officinarum restricts its role to being a female parent in crosses with Saccharum spontaneum during nobilization breeding, resulting in a narrow genetic basis for modern sugarcane cultivars.

The highly allo-autopolyploid modern sugarcane genome and very recent allopolyploidization in Saccharum.

Modern sugarcane, a highly allo-autopolyploid organism, has a very complex genome. In the present study, the karyotype and genome architecture of modern sugarcane were investigated, resulting in a genome assembly of 97 chromosomes (8.84 Gb).

mA demethylase CpALKBH regulates mRNA stability to modulate the development and virulence of chestnut blight fungus.

Unlabelled: As the most abundant eukaryotic mRNA modification, N-methyladenosine (mA) plays a crucial role in regulating multiple biological processes. This methylation is regulated by methyltransferases and demethylases. However, the regulatory role and mode of action of mA demethylases in fungi remain poorly understood.

New persistent plant RNA virus carries mutations to weaken viral suppression of antiviral RNA interference.

Persistent plant viruses are widespread in natural ecosystems. However, little is known about why persistent infection with these viruses may cause little or no harm to their host. Here, we discovered a new polerovirus that persistently infected wild rice plants by deep sequencing and assembly of virus-derived small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

Functional Characterization of the Gibberellin (GA) Receptor ScGID1 in Sugarcane.

Sugarcane smut caused by represents the most destructive disease in the sugarcane industry, causing host hormone disruption and producing a black whip-like sorus in the apex of the stalk. In this study, the gibberellin metabolic pathway was found to respond to infection, and the contents of bioactive gibberellins were significantly reduced in the leaves of diseased plants. The gibberellin receptor gene was identified and significantly downregulated.

Surface pCO and air-water CO fluxes dominated by submerged aquatic vegetation: Implications for carbon flux in shallow lakes.

Inland lakes are crucial for processing, storing, and releasing carbon dioxide (CO), and they play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. Studies have shown that inland lakes are mostly supersaturated in CO, making them significant sources to the atmosphere. However, estimating CO fluxes from inland lakes is still challenging due to large variations in surface water CO partial pressure (pCO).

VirB11, a traffic ATPase, mediated flagella assembly and type IV pilus morphogenesis to control the motility and virulence of Xanthomonas albilineans.

Xanthomonas albilineans (Xal) is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen responsible for developing sugarcane leaf scald disease, which engenders significant economic losses within the sugarcane industry. In the current study, homologous recombination exchange was carried out to induce mutations within the virB/D4-like type IV secretion system (T4SS) genes of Xal. The results revealed that the virB11-deletion mutant (ΔvirB11) exhibited a loss in swimming and twitching motility.

Diffusible Signal Factor-Mediated Quorum Sensing Modulates Swarming in .

spp. are plant pathogens known for significantly impacting crop yields. Among them, () is notable for colonizing the xylem and causing sugarcane leaf scald disease.

N6-methyladenosine RNA methyltransferase CpMTA1 mediates CpAphA mRNA stability through a YTHDF1-dependent m6A modification in the chestnut blight fungus.

In eukaryotic cells, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA epigenetic modification that plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. Nevertheless, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of m6A in phytopathogenic fungi are poorly understood. Here, we showed that CpMTA1, an m6A methyltransferase in Cryphonectria parasitica, plays a crucial role in fungal phenotypic traits, virulence, and stress tolerance.

Mosquitocidal toxin-like islands in Bacillus thuringiensis S2160-1 revealed by complete-genome sequence and MS proteomic analysis.

Here, we present the whole genome sequence of Bt S2160-1, a potential alternative to the mosquitocidal model strain, Bti. One chromosome genome and four mega-plasmids were contained in Bt S2160-1, and 13 predicted genes encoding predicted insecticidal crystal proteins were identified clustered on one plasmid pS2160-1p2 containing two pathogenic islands (PAIs) designed as PAI-1 (Cry54Ba, Cry30Ea4, Cry69Aa-like, Cry50Ba2-like, Cry4Ca1-like, Cry30Ga2, Cry71Aa-like, Cry72Aa-like, Cry70Aa-like, Cyt1Da2-like and Vpb4C1-like) and PAI-2 (Cyt1Aa-like, and Tpp80Aa1-like). The clusters appear to represent mosquitocidal toxin islands similar to pathogenicity islands.

, an ortholog of small ubiquitin-like modifier, is essential for growth, organelle function, virulence, and antiviral defense in .

Introduction: SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates the expression, localization, and activity of substrate proteins, thereby participating in various important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, cell metabolism, gene transcription, and antiviral activity. However, the function of SUMOylation in phytopathogenic fungi has not yet been adequately explored.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis composed of proteomics, affinity pull-down, molecular and cellular approaches was performed to explore the roles of SUMOylation in , the fungal pathogen responsible for chestnut blight.

Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1, a Member of with Virulence Attenuation Capacity in Phytopathogenic Species.

In a survey of mycoviruses in species that cause sugarcane Pokkah boeng disease, twelve strains from three species (, , and ) were found to contain Fusarium sacchari hypovirus 1 (FsHV1), which we reported previously. The genomes of these variants range from 13,966 to 13,983 nucleotides, with 98.6% to 99.

Redundant and Distinct Roles of Two 14-3-3 Proteins in , Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease.

, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles are poorly understood in This study focused on the characterization of two 14-3-3 protein-encoding genes, and , within .

FsCGBP, a Cutinase G-Box Binding Protein, Regulates the Growth, Development, and Virulence of the Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease.

is a causal agent of sugarcane Pokkah boeng, an important fungal disease that causes a considerable reduction in yield and sugar content in susceptible varieties of sugarcane worldwide. Despite its importance, the fungal factors that regulate the virulence of this pathogen remain largely unknown. In our previous study, mapping of an insertional mutant defect in virulence resulted in the identification of a cutinase G-box binding protein gene, designated that encodes a C2H2-type transcription factor (TF).

An efficient inoculation method to evaluate virulence differentiation of field strains of sugarcane smut fungus.

Sugarcane smut, caused by the fungal pathogen , is a prominent threat to the sugarcane industry. The development of smut resistant varieties is the ultimate solution for controlling this disease, due to the lack of other efficient control methods. Artificial inoculation method is used to evaluate the virulence differentiation of pathogens.