Chinese crop diseases and pests named entity recognition based on variational information bottleneck and feature enhancement.

Chinese crop diseases and pests named entity recognition (CCDP-NER) is a critical step in extracting domain-specific information in the field of crop diseases and pests, playing a significant role in promoting agricultural informatization. To address challenges such as noisy data, erroneous annotations, and ambiguous entity boundaries in the crop disease and pest domain, this study proposes a deep learning-based CCDP-NER model. The model employs a bidirectional gated recurrent Unit (BiGRU) to capture long-range semantic dependencies and integrates multi-level dilated convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to extract local fine-grained features, thereby constructing a global-local collaborative representation.

Advancements in deep learning for image-guided tumor ablation therapies: a comprehensive review.

Image-guided tumor ablation (IGTA) has revolutionized modern oncological treatments by providing minimally invasive options that ensure precise tumor eradication with minimal patient discomfort. Traditional techniques such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have been instrumental in the planning, execution, and evaluation of ablation therapies. However, these methods often face limitations, including poor contrast, susceptibility to artifacts, and variability in operator expertise, which can undermine the accuracy of tumor targeting and therapeutic outcomes.

Electrical excitation beat-aided light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy for high-robustness trace gas measurements.

Heterodyne-based light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (HLITES) is capable of correcting measurement errors by evaluating the parameters of the quartz tuning fork (QTF). However, the correcting performance of HLITES will deteriorate under low concentration levels or laser power due to the weakened QTF transient response. Therefore, we propose an electrical excitation beat-aided LITES (EEBA-LITES), which is realized by optical and electrical excitation to the QTF utilizing the time-division multiplexing technique.

Geographical and temporal variations in availability of national price negotiated novel anticancer drugs: a spatial statistical study based on two cross-sectional datasets in China.

Objective: The National Drug Price Negotiation (NDPN) has significantly reduced the prices and improved the nationwide availability of novel anticancer drugs (NADs) in China. However, geographical disparities in their availability remain concerning. This study aims to assess these spatial variations and temporal changes, and the determinants using geographic information system (GIS) and spatial statistical methods.

Synergistic peptide-organic matrix enhances mineralization of biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration.

Biomimetic mineralized composites engineered organic matrix templating show promise for bone repair but suffer from poor mineralization and imbalanced mechanical-biological performance. This study synergistically regulated biomolecules and organic matrix properties to enhance mineralization, thereby improving mechanical strength and osteogenic potential. A nucleation-domain containing peptide (HGRGEAFDY) screened through molecular dynamics simulation was integrated into the gelatin matrix to prepare biomimetic materials with enhanced mineralization performance.

From Single-Cancer to Pan-Cancer Prognosis: A Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Survival Analysis with Robust Generalization Capability.

Accurate prognosis represents a critical component in oncology research, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimized health care resource use. Although existing prognostic models demonstrate promising performance on restricted data sets, they remain constrained by two limitations: modality-specific architectural designs and cancer type-specific training paradigms that hinder cross-domain generalization. To address these challenges, the Unified Multimodal Pan-Cancer Survival Network (UMPSNet) is introduced, which integrates histopathology images, genomic expression profiles, and four metadata categories through structured text templates.

Molten stringing 3D printed microfibrous net-integrated mineralized hydrogels with tunable micromechanical and cell-responsive properties.

Micro/nanofibrous materials play an increasingly important role in tissue regeneration due to their ECM-mimicking properties and mechanical regulation capabilities. This study developed a microfiber fabrication method based on molten stringing of fused deposition modeling (FDM), successfully creating an ordered microfiber network with spatial structures. It surpasses the size limits of FDM filaments, enabling the precise fabrication of microfibers with diameters of 15-150 μm.

Noise-Consistent Hypergraph Autoencoder Based on Contrastive Learning for Cancer ceRNA Association Prediction in Complex Biological Regulatory Networks.

Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks (CENA) have advanced our understanding of noncoding RNAs' roles in complex diseases, providing a theoretical basis for disease mechanisms. Existing ceRNA-disease association prediction methods are limited by traditional graph structures' inability to model long-range dependencies in biological networks. While hypergraph models partially address this, they often fail to effectively handle graph-level and node-level noise, hindering improvements in predictive performance.

AvianLexiconAtlas: A database of descriptive categories of English-language bird names around the world.

Common names of species are important for communicating with the general public. In principle, these names should provide an accessible way to engage with and identify species. The common names of species have historically been labile without standard guidelines, even within a language.

Advances in cancer research on FUT8Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) catalyzes core fucosylation, a critical post-translational modification influencing cellular processes. Aberrant core fucosylation is linked to tumor progression, including proliferation, metastasis, and immune evasion. This review integrates the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of FUT8, its interactions with key signaling molecules (E-cadherin, EGFR, TGF-β, β-catenin), and their impact on tumor behavior.

Effects of elastic ankle braces and anticipation conditions on lower limb biomechanics during badminton lunge movements.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of wearing elastic ankle braces under anticipated and unanticipated conditions on lower limb biomechanics during badminton lunge steps and assess the associated risks of ankle and knee joint injuries.

Methods: Sixteen male badminton players performed left-front lunges in four scenarios (anticipated/unanticipated conditions× with/without brace), assessed via 3D motion capture (Qualisys, 200 Hz) and force plates (Kistler, 1000 Hz), a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) were used to analyze the data.

Results: Wearing ankle braces reduced the peak ankle inversion moment (p = 0.

Copper-Induced Supramolecular Assemblies for Biomedical Applications.

Copper is an essential transition metal in living systems, primarily functioning as a cofactor in enzymes, and is tightly regulated by trafficking proteins. Excessive intracellular copper ions can induce cuproptosis-a distinct form of cell death closely associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism disruption. The unique chemical and biological properties of copper have also inspired the development of copper-induced supramolecular self-assemblies, which hold great promise in artificial catalysts, drug delivery, and catalytic therapeutics.

HealthiVert-GAN: A Novel Framework of Pseudo-Healthy Vertebral Image Synthesis for Interpretable Compression Fracture Grading.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are prevalent in the elderly population, typically assessed on computed tomography (CT) scans by evaluating vertebral height loss. This assessment helps determine the fracture's impact on spinal stability and the need for surgical intervention. However, the absence of pre-fracture CT scans and standardized vertebral references leads to measurement errors and inter-observer variability, while irregular compression patterns further challenge the precise grading of fracture severity.

The HNRNPC/CELF2 signaling pathway drives glycolytic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in drug-resistant acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with high treatment resistance, often leading to poor patient outcomes. Metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in AML progression, influencing drug resistance (DR) and tumor survival. This study investigates the HNRNPC/CELF2 signaling pathway and its impact on AML cell metabolism and DR.

Pharmacovigilance study of adverse reactions of anti-HER-2 drugs for the treatment of HER-2-positive breast cancer based on the FAERS database.

Objective: There are three categories of drugs that treat human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2) positive breast cancer: monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the adverse reactions of three classes of anti-HER-2 drugs to various body systems in patients based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: All data reports were extracted from the FAERS between 2004 and 2024.

Leveraging Dual Resistive Switching in Quasi-2D Perovskite Memristors for Integrated Non-volatile Memory, Synaptic Emulation, and Reservoir Computing.

The increasing computational demands of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are exceeding the capabilities of conventional computing architectures, creating a strong need for novel materials and paradigms. Memristors that integrate diverse resistive switching (RS) behaviors provide a promising avenue for developing novel computing architectures. In this study, we achieve the coexistence of volatile and nonvolatile RS behaviors in quasi-2D perovskite memristor (Q-2DPM).

Mobile phone tasks impair frontal dynamic stability and increase fall risk during obstacle crossing in young men.

Falls, a major cause of accidental deaths, are often caused by obstacles, particularly among young people who may trip in over half of cases. Although mobile phone use has been linked to impaired gait and balance, its effect on dynamic stability during obstacle crossing is not well understood. This study investigates the impact of mobile phone usage on dynamic stability and fall risk during obstacle-crossing movements and compares the effects of various mobile phone tasks on obstacle-crossing performance.

TTGA U-Net: Two-stage two-stream graph attention U-Net for hepatic vessel connectivity enhancement.

Accurate segmentation of hepatic vessels is pivotal for guiding preoperative planning in ablation surgery utilizing CT images. While non-contrast CT images often lack observable vessels, we focus on segmenting hepatic vessels within preoperative MR images. However, the vascular structures depicted in MR images are susceptible to noise, leading to challenges in connectivity.

Long-term effects of food waste on erosion resistance and production of methane and sulfide in sewer sediments: New insights into extracellular polymeric substances and genetic response mechanisms.

Discharge of food waste (FW) into sewer systems causes environmental issues, such as sewer blockage and odour problems. This study investigated the long-term effects of FW addition on sediment properties, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways using laboratory-scale reactors for 160-day incubation. The addition of 2 g/L FW increased the critical erosion shear stress of sediments by 40.

Highly Selective Electrocatalytic 1,4-NADH Regeneration Based on Host-Guest Recognition Mediated by Cucurbit[8]uril on NiO.

Efficient regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) cofactors, particularly 1,4-NADH, is crucial for advancing oxidoreductase catalysis. Electrocatalysis provides a promising route for 1,4-NADH regeneration, but an expensive catalyst, typically a rhodium organometallic complex, is frequently required to guarantee the high selectivity of 1,4-NADH, significantly limiting its large-scale application. Herein, inspired by the catalytic pocket and enzyme-substrate interaction in nature, a direct electrochemical 1,4-NADH regeneration route was designed by modification of the surface of nickel oxide (NiO) with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) (denoted as CB[8]-NiO).

A combination of salt stress and waterlogging provides protection to tomato plants against the negative effects of waterlogging individually applied.

Salt stress and waterlogging are two of the most common abiotic stresses in nature, often occurring concurrently. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying responses of plants to a combination of these stresses remains limited. In this study, we investigated growth, physiological and biochemical responses of Solanum lycopersicum cv.

Homeostasis of Calnexin Is Essential for the Growth, Virulence, and Hypovirus RNA Accumulation in the Chestnut Blight Fungus.

Calnexin, a calcium-binding protein, promotes correct protein folding and prevents incompletely folded glycopolypeptides from premature oxidation and degradation. Cryphonectria parasitica, an ascomycete fungus responsible for chestnut blight, poses a significant threat to the chestnut forest or orchards worldwide. Although various aspects of calnexin have been investigated, little is known about the impact of fungal viruses.

A bibliometric study on the impact of gut microbiota on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: analysis of the top 100 cited articles.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncological treatment by modulating immune responses against tumors. However, their efficacy is subject to inter-patient variability and is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The human gut microbiota, a complex microbial ecosystem, is increasingly implicated in modulating responses to ICIs.

An ARFID case report assessment with 18F-FDG PET/MRI and treatment with olanzapine, escitalopram and fluoxetine in adult.

Background: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a DSM-5-introduced eating disorder, is increasingly prevalent and challenging to treat, primarily affecting children and adolescents, with limited adult case reports. This rarity in adults leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis, and treatment experiences are scarce.

Case Presentation: This report details an adult ARFID case, where the patient's fear of food intake followed gastric damage from corn ingestion, resulting in a restrictive diet of rice porridge due to gastric pain.

Mechanism and therapeutic potential of hippo signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes and its complications.

Loss of pancreatic islet cell mass and function is one of the most important factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia-induced lesions in other organs are also associated with apoptosis or hyperproliferation of the corresponding tissue cells. The Hippo signaling pathway is a key signal in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis, which has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Excessive activation of the Hippo signaling pathway under high glucose conditions triggered apoptosis and decreased insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells, while dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the cells of other organ tissues led to proliferation or apoptosis and promoted tissue fibrosis, which aggravated the progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications.