Impact of preoperative medical management on postoperative outcomes after index percutaneous rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Initial medical management fails in nearly half of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and patients will seek surgical management with either rhizotomy or microvascular decompression. The impact of preoperative medical management on post-rhizotomy outcomes is unclear. The authors aimed to further evaluate this relationship.

Challenges and opportunities in direct-to-consumer hearing healthcare service delivery: a scoping review.

Despite the rising prevalence of hearing loss worldwide, underutilization of hearing aids persists. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) hearing services have emerged as a potential solution to address barriers in conventional audiology services. This scoping review investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with direct-to-consumer service delivery in audiology.

Acquired epileptic aphasia in NMDA encephalitis: a unique electroclinical presentation with pathophysiological considerations.

A boy in his middle childhood who was premorbidly normal presented with new-onset seizures and progressive auditory aphasia, raising suspicion of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS). Continuous spike and wave during sleep with a left centrotemporal spike pattern on the electroencephalogram (EEG) supported the preliminary diagnosis. But the febrile episodes after admission and the MRI findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis changed the diagnostic considerations.

High prevalence of metabolic obesity in India: The ICMR-INDIAB national study (ICMR-INDIAB-23).

Background & objectives While obesity usually produces cardio-metabolic dysfunction, some obese individuals are metabolically healthy, and conversely, some nonobese individuals have significant metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to assess the national prevalence of various obesity subtypes and their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Methods The ICMR-INDIAB study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 1,13,043 individuals aged ≥20 yr from urban and rural areas across 31 Indian States and Union Territories.

Polymer-based recyclable solid-phase optical sensor to quantify Hg in aqueous samples.

In this work, we engineered a facile and portable solid-state sensor for the selective colorimetric detection of toxic Hg. The sensor architecture was based on a hierarchically organized macro/mesoporous polymeric monolith, which provided a highly ordered porous framework and substantial surface area features that significantly enhanced the immobilization efficiency of the chromoionophoric probe and facilitated the capture of trace-level analytes in the sub-ppb concentration range. The chromoionophore, DPQD, was synthetically tailored and subsequently integrated into a poly(acrylic acid-co-trimethylolpropane triacrylate) [poly(AA-co-TMPTA)] monolithic matrix via a robust physisorptive method.

Atmospheric oxidation of cyanobacterial aerosols emitted from lakes and estuaries during harmful algal blooms.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in lakes and estuaries, caused by cyanobacteria, pose various threats to humans and the environment. Cyanobacteria produce microcystins (MCs) that make animals and people sick. Once airborne, cyanobacterial aerosols are rapidly transformed through heterogeneous reactions with atmospheric oxidants, which tend to occur much faster in air than in water.

Expression of Glutathione Reductase 2-D (TaGR2-D) From Triticum aestivum Facilitates Arsenic Tolerance by Modulating GSH Pool and Arsenic Transporters in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) into reduced glutathione (GSH) to facilitate redox balancing in plant cells. GSH is also converted into phytochelatins (PCs) to alleviate arsenic toxicity through vacuolar sequestration. Herein, we found a drastically reduced GSH pool during arsenic treatments in bread wheat.

A Retrospective Audit of the Management of Shoulder Dislocations at a Trauma Unit.

Introduction: Shoulder dislocation is the most common major joint dislocation encountered in our emergency department, with anterior dislocation accounting for the vast majority. This retrospective audit evaluates adherence to the health board guidelines for managing traumatic shoulder instability at Grange University Hospital.

Methods: Data from 100 patients presenting with native shoulder dislocations between January 2021 and February 2024 were analyzed.

Design, synthesis, crystal structure of novel hydrazone analogues as SARS-CoV-2 potent inhibitors: MD simulations, MM-GBSA, docking and ADMET studies.

In this study, we have synthesized novel thiohydrazone and hydrazone analogues by one-pot methodology with good to excellent yields (85%-91%). molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, docking, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) were evaluated as inhibitor activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (PDB ID: 5N5O) main protease. The dynamics simulations studies and docking were conducted by GROMACS and AutoDock Vina.

Real-time beat-to-beat pulse wave velocity estimation: a quality-driven approach using laser Doppler vibrometry.

Arterial stiffness, a key cardiovascular risk marker, is typically assessed via carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), the gold-standard method. In this study, we introduce CAPE (Continuous Automatic PWV Estimation), an innovative framework for near real-time cf-PWV estimation based on beat-to-beat analysis of laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV) signals. CAPE integrates automatic fiducial point detection, systematic signal quality control, and a cross-channel strategy to provide a highly reliable assessment of cf-PWV.

Investigating complications of extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) in the food and drug administration manufacturer and user facility device experience database.

Background: The extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) approach is being increasingly adopted to alleviate complications that are commonplace with other approaches; however, an analysis of the device malfunctions and patient injuries associated with the procedure was not available. The purpose of this study was to search the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database (MAUDE) for medical device reports (MDRs) associated with the XLIF procedure and categorically analyze the device and patient complications.

Methods: MDRs from Jan.

Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma of Scalp: A Case Report.

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma of the scalp is a rare tumor deriving from the sweat glands. It is typically located on the head and is often mistaken for a metastasis from a more common primary tumor of the breast or gastrointestinal tract. We report a case in a 54-year-old female, who presented with a slow growing mass near the right frontoparietal region of the scalp.

Fetomaternal Outcome in Obstetric Cholestasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholestasis is a potentially serious condition that can develop during the late half of pregnancy. It can increase the risk of preterm birth and stillbirth in fetus and postpartum hemorrhage in mothers. The main symptoms are severe pruritus.

Cross species transmission and recombination dynamics of chilli leaf curl virus: implications for host range expansion and LAMP-based detection.

Unlabelled: Plants of okra, marigold, pineapple, neem, datura, duranta, mirabilis, pedilanthus, helichrysum, and castor exhibiting various symptoms were collected from different locations in Karnataka (India). To confirm begomovirus infection, PCR amplification was performed on 45 symptomatic samples from various crops using begomovirus-specific primers. The complete genomes of chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCuV) and its associated betasatellite were successfully amplified, cloned, and sequenced from all ten affected crops.

Abnormalities of Endocrine Function Tests in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals.

Introduction: Impact of COVID-19 on endocrine system due to the widespread distribution of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors in different endocrine organs of the body has been shown in several studies. However, most of these studies were in the setting of acute COVID-19. The present study was planned to comprehensively evaluate endocrine abnormalities in COVID-19-recovered individuals.

Macrophage Switching in Pregnancy: Regulatory Mechanisms Governing Term Labour and Preterm Birth.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in the immune adaptations required for pregnancy, influencing both term and preterm labour (PTL) through their activation and polarisation. These immune cells originate from the yolk sac, foetal liver, and bone marrow, differentiating into diverse subtypes, including pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. The dynamic transition between these states, termed macrophage switching, is crucial for maintaining pregnancy and orchestrating labour.

Ergonomics and Endoscopy-Related Injuries Among Endoscopists and Endoscopy Nurses. Results of International Multicenter Survey.

Background And Aim: The aim was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and patterns of endoscopy-related injury (ERI) and the knowledge of ergonomics.

Methods: A multicenter, international, cross-sectional study was conducted using a 21-item electronic survey to investigate ERI. The study included 484 (67.

Ethical Challenges in Research Involving Hospitalized Patients: A Phenomenological Study.

Hospital-based research plays a crucial role in advancing medical knowledge, but it also presents significant ethical challenges, particularly when involving hospitalized patients. Ethical concerns such as informed consent, patient autonomy, and the power dynamics between healthcare providers and patients are critical to maintaining the integrity of such research. The aim of this research was to explore and analyze the ethical considerations in conducting research involving hospitalized patients.

A Medium to Long-Term Study Comparing Stress Urinary Incontinence Procedures.

Background And Objectives: Concerns remain regarding the safety of the retropubic tape (TVT) procedure. We assess the efficacy, satisfaction and long-term outcomes of the TVT procedure and compare it to the autologous fascial sling (AFS), colposuspension, and urethral bulking procedures.

Methods: A review of prospective data of all patients post stress urinary incontinence (SUI) surgery in our tertiary center between January 2012 and December 2020 was performed.

Synovial tissue atlas in juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals pathogenic niches associated with disease severity.

Precision application of targeted therapies is urgently needed to improve long-term clinical outcomes for children affected by inflammatory arthritis, known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Progress has been hampered by our limited understanding of the cellular basis of inflammation in the target tissue of the disease, the synovial membrane. Here, we analyzed biopsies from the inflamed joints of treatment-naïve children with JIA, early in the course of their disease, using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplexed immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics to establish a cellular atlas of the JIA synovium.

The loss of OPA1 accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis in aged mice.

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondria in NP cells and articular chondrocyte health. Since the understanding of mechanisms governing mitochondrial dynamics in these tissues is lacking, we investigated the role of OPA1, a mitochondrial fusion protein, in their homeostasis. OPA1 knockdown in NP cells altered mitochondrial size and cristae shape and increased the oxygen consumption rate.

Mechanical Evaluation of Epoxy Polymer Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber.

Natural fibers offer several advantages, including renewability, environmental safety, lightweight properties, cost-effectiveness, and reliable mechanical performance, over artificial fibers. Areca leaf sheath fibers have been widely recognized for their versatility, which allows them to be flexible or brittle depending on their moisture content. This study investigates the mechanical performance of chemically treated areca sheath fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with different fiber lengths and compositions.