Advancements in in vitro psoriasis models: relevance for drug discovery and therapeutic development.

Psoriasis is an incurable, autoimmune skin disorder manifested by abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and hyperproliferation, accompanied by immune cell infiltration within the epidermal layer. Clinically, it presents as erythematous, scaly plaques, and inflamed, dry skin on affected areas. The psoriasis pathogenesis is a complex characterized by an overactive immune system hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and neovascularization.

Enabling Anode-Less Lithium Batteries via Sacrificial Salts: An In-Depth Feasibility Analysis.

Anode-less batteries have gained due attention, considering the easy industrial and safer processes involved. The initial absence of an anode ideally improves the gravimetric and volumetric capacity in a battery, and the assembly process is made easier with no handling of reactive metals. Sacrificial salts, on the other hand, have been shown to be feasible in general for batteries and supercapacitors as a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming agent and supplying additional Li or Na to compensate for that spent in the building of SEI.

Nanoporous FeO and Soluble Fe(II) Intermediates Accelerate the Electrodeposition of Fe in NaOH(aq).

Electrochemical conversion of iron oxide to iron metal can enable low-cost batteries for long duration energy storage and zero-emissions ironmaking for steel. Iron oxides, such as hematite, can be electrochemically reduced to metallic iron in concentrated alkaline electrolytes at modest temperatures, but the relative influences of solid-state and dissolved intermediates at practical reaction rates remains unclear. Here we prepare a homologous set of well-defined hematite particles to measure how the nanoscale morphology of oxides controls both their reactivity and apparent reduction mechanism in concentrated hydroxide.

Sex-dependent effects of peptidylarginine deiminases on neutrophil function and long-term outcomes after spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates an influx of peripheral immune cells to the spinal cord parenchyma that compound tissue damage and restrict functional recovery. Neutrophils infiltrate the spinal cord within the first day after injury, releasing extracellular traps (NETs) comprised of decondensed DNA, modified histones, and granule enzymes, that can worsen tissue damage. Peptidylarginine demininases (PADs), particularly PAD4, have been indicated as mediators of NET formation by facilitating the decondensation of nuclear chromatin via histone citrullination.

COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults have lower uptake of vaccines for preventable diseases than children and older adults. Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of complications from many vaccine-preventable illnesses. Given the elevated health risks of SARS-COV-2 infection for people with T1D, it is important to understand COVID-19 vaccination rates and attitudes.

Poor waste disposal and effect on health- an insight and review.

Introduction: The generation of waste products, including urine, faeces, and household items such as glass and plastic, has increased in line with the growth of the world's population. Physical, psychological, and social issues can invariably arise if these wastes are not properly managed, which has a direct effect on the population's health and is the source of the nation's productivity. Waste dumping has been a persistent problem, despite the government's efforts to educate consumers on proper waste dumping.

Cross species transmission and recombination dynamics of chilli leaf curl virus: implications for host range expansion and LAMP-based detection.

Unlabelled: Plants of okra, marigold, pineapple, neem, datura, duranta, mirabilis, pedilanthus, helichrysum, and castor exhibiting various symptoms were collected from different locations in Karnataka (India). To confirm begomovirus infection, PCR amplification was performed on 45 symptomatic samples from various crops using begomovirus-specific primers. The complete genomes of chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCuV) and its associated betasatellite were successfully amplified, cloned, and sequenced from all ten affected crops.

Validation of an assay for NGAL in a pediatric population.

Background And Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a serious clinical challenge, particularly in high-risk environments, due to its association with increased morbidity and mortality. Traditional diagnostic markers, such as serum creatinine, often detect AKI only after significant kidney damage has occurred, limiting opportunities for early intervention. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising early biomarker due to its rapid upregulation following kidney ischemia.

Differential severity of SARS-CoV-2 variant infections in children and adults with COVID-19.

We performed virus whole-genome sequencing of 6916 upper respiratory swabs from adults and children from March 2020 to May 2023 and collected clinical metadata to assess differences in SARS-CoV-2 variant severity and symptomatology. Multivariable logistic regression showed a severity peak with Delta, which had the highest likelihood of severe infection. In children, another peak was observed with BA.

A Bioelectrochemical Crossbar Architecture Screening Platform (BiCASP) for Extracellular Electron Transfer.

Electroactive microbes can be used as components in electrical devices to leverage their unique behavior for biotechnology, but they remain challenging to engineer because the bioelectrochemical systems (BES) used for characterization are low-throughput. To overcome this challenge, we describe the development of the Bioelectrochemical Crossbar Architecture Screening Platform (BiCASP), which allows for samples to be arrayed and characterized in individually addressable microwells. This device reliably reports on the current generated by electroactive bacteria on the minute time scale, decreasing the time for data acquisition by several orders of magnitude compared to conventional BES.

Effectiveness of Microwave Disinfection on Gutta Percha Cones Against - .

Background: Non-metallic dental materials like Gutta percha cones, ceramic crowns, endodontic posts are widely used material for the obturation of root canals, placement of post, crown and it is usually distributed by the manufacturers in sealed containers. Once exposed to dental environment or by handling and storage, there are more chances of getting contaminated by various microorganisms. The success of endodontic therapy depends on maintaining the aseptic condition throughout the procedure.

Mature neutrophils promote long-term functional recovery after spinal cord injury in a sex-dependent manner.

Neutrophils are abundant and complex innate immune cells that act as first responders to tissue injury, with critical roles in combating infection and initiating would healing. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), neutrophils are the first peripheral immune cells to infiltrate the injured spinal cord in large numbers. Despite the growing body of evidence demonstrating sex differences in neutrophil function, sex as a biological variable in neutrophil responses following SCI has yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Unveiling the Potential Photothermal Activity of Vanadium Carbide for Driving Chemical Reactions.

Photothermally activated chemical reactions play a pivotal role in a wide range of applications, highlighting the need for efficient photothermal agents. The photothermal effect, which utilizes dominant nonradiative deexcitation mechanisms, has been extensively demonstrated in nanoscale systems, including plasmonic metals, inorganic semiconductors, organic materials, and polymers. However, the development of these photothermal materials often requires intricate fabrication and separation techniques, presenting significant challenges for practical implementation.

Microscopic nucleic acid-to-protein ratio: A label-free approach for pancreatic cancer detection.

Accurate and timely diagnosis remains a major clinical challenge, hindered by the limitations of conventional histopathological methods, which often rely on labor-intensive staining protocols and subjective interpretation by specialized pathologists. These methods can fail to capture the full molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity of tumors, leading to increased diagnostic time, cost, and variability. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel label-free ultraviolet (UV) microscopic imaging technique that exploits the intrinsic optical absorption properties of cellular nucleic acids and proteins.

Mood and sleep in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Depression is associated with sleep problems, and both are associated with higher HbA1c in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, little is known about depressed mood and sleep in young adults with T1D. The aims of this secondary analysis were to provide descriptive statistics of multiple aspects of mood and sleep in young adults with T1D and evaluate associations of depressed mood, diabetes distress, and sleep quality and duration.

Patient Perceptions of a Population Health Management Program to Improve Kidney Care: Optimizing care in CKD.

Rationale & Objective: A population health management intervention for a pragmatic cluster randomized control trial (Kidney CHAMP) aimed to improve care and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at high-risk of progression to dialysis dependence but not seeing a nephrologist. The Kidney CHAMP intervention provided comanagement support to primary care providers by nephrology electronic-consult, pharmacist-directed medication reconciliation, and nurse-delivered CKD patient education. We sought to learn patient perceptions of Kidney CHAMP intervention and whether the intervention improved their understanding of CKD.

Health Care Cost Savings and Utilization Reductions Associated With Virtual Physical Therapy Care: A Propensity-Matched Claims Analysis.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differences in medical costs and health care utilization between patients receiving virtual physical therapy (V-PT) care and patients receiving in-person physical therapy (IP-PT) care (controls) over 6 and 12 months.

Methods: This study used claims data from July 2019 to May 2023. The index date was defined as the initial video (V-PT) or in-person (IP-PT) (controls) physical therapist evaluation date.

Compositional Community Detection: Automated Identification of Chemical Segregation in Atom Probe Tomography Data.

We introduce a fully unsupervised clustering method we call Compositional Community Detection (CCD) to identify chemical motifs in atom probe tomography (APT) reconstructions. In the CCD approach, APT point clouds are broken into overlapping spherical neighborhoods, and repeated k-means clustering coupled with Louvain community detection is used to group neighborhoods based on their ion composition. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics for present ion types provide interpretable descriptors of each community that indicate the relative level of enrichment or depletion of ions within a community.

Novel Cause of Reversible Leukoencephalopathy in an Infant Associated With Illicit Fentanyl Exposure.

Fentanyl is a potent opioid anesthetic and analgesic whose illicit use has been linked to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity, affecting not only adults but also children through accidental exposure. We present a case of a 12-month-old normally developing baby girl who was admitted for hypothermia, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, altered mental status, and metabolic acidosis. A comprehensive workup confirmed the presence of fentanyl in her urine.

Iron Deficiency Without Anemia and Reduced Basal Ganglia Iron Content in Youths.

Importance: Although brain iron is necessary for neurogenesis, myelination, and neurotransmitter synthesis, iron deficiency (ID) is defined solely based on hematological outcomes.

Objective: To examine the association of ID without anemia with basal ganglia (BG) iron content and its structural and functional sequelae in adolescents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study enrolled participants using the electronic medical record system from a large network of pediatrics clinics between December 2020 and April 2024.

Magnesium-Catalyzed Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amide Hydroboration.

Catalytic hydroboration of amides is highly important because the resultant amines are commonly found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and other applications. In comparison to the conventional reduction of amides using (over)stoichiometric reductants, hydroboration of amides using magnesium compounds represents a green and sustainable approach because magnesium is both Earth abundant and environmentally benign. However, there is only one report on magnesium-catalyzed deoxygenative hydroboration of secondary and tertiary amides.

Emerging Trends in Point-of-Care Technology Development for Oncology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

The growing cancer burden and suboptimal diagnostic capacity in low- and middle-income countries calls for urgent innovation in diagnostic solutions. Point-of-care technologies (POCTs) offer a transformative approach to decentralizing cancer diagnostics by providing rapid, affordable, and scalable testing in resource-constrained settings. Recent advancements, including loop-mediated isothermal amplification and multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay, enable high-sensitivity detection of cancer biomarkers without the need for complex laboratory infrastructure.