Poor waste disposal and effect on health- an insight and review.

Introduction: The generation of waste products, including urine, faeces, and household items such as glass and plastic, has increased in line with the growth of the world's population. Physical, psychological, and social issues can invariably arise if these wastes are not properly managed, which has a direct effect on the population's health and is the source of the nation's productivity. Waste dumping has been a persistent problem, despite the government's efforts to educate consumers on proper waste dumping.

Aqueous Synthesis of Membrane Lipids via Amide Formation between Amphiphilic Amines and Thioacids.

Protocell membranes were likely formed through primitive metabolic reactions that synthesized more complex membrane lipid species from simpler precursors. Thioacids have been shown to be prebiotically plausible and chemoselective -acylating reagents. They have been successfully employed for the acylation of peptides and RNA.

1-Deoxysphingolipids dysregulate membrane properties and cargo trafficking in the early secretory pathway.

1-Deoxysphingolipids are non-canonical sphingolipids linked to several diseases, but their cellular effects are poorly understood. Here, we utilize lipid chemical biology approaches to investigate the role of 1-deoxysphingolipid metabolism on the properties and functions of secretory membranes. We first applied organelle-specific bioorthogonal labeling to visualize the subcellular distribution of metabolically tagged 1-deoxysphingolipids in RPE-1 cells, observing that they are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Photochemical synthesis of natural lipids in artificial and living cells.

Lipid synthesis plays a central role in cell structure, signaling, and metabolism. A general method for the abiogenesis of natural lipids could transform the development of lifelike artificial cells and unlock new ways to explore lipid functions in living cells. Here, we demonstrate the abiotic formation of natural lipids in water using visible-light-driven photoredox chemistry.

Abiotic lipid metabolism enables membrane plasticity in artificial cells.

The plasticity of living cell membranes relies on complex metabolic networks fueled by cellular energy. These metabolic processes exert direct control over membrane properties such as lipid composition and morphological plasticity, which are essential for cellular functions. Despite notable progress in the development of artificial systems mimicking natural membranes, the realization of synthetic membranes capable of sustaining metabolic cycles remains a challenge.