Nanoporous FeO and Soluble Fe(II) Intermediates Accelerate the Electrodeposition of Fe in NaOH(aq).

Electrochemical conversion of iron oxide to iron metal can enable low-cost batteries for long duration energy storage and zero-emissions ironmaking for steel. Iron oxides, such as hematite, can be electrochemically reduced to metallic iron in concentrated alkaline electrolytes at modest temperatures, but the relative influences of solid-state and dissolved intermediates at practical reaction rates remains unclear. Here we prepare a homologous set of well-defined hematite particles to measure how the nanoscale morphology of oxides controls both their reactivity and apparent reduction mechanism in concentrated hydroxide.

Compositional Community Detection: Automated Identification of Chemical Segregation in Atom Probe Tomography Data.

We introduce a fully unsupervised clustering method we call Compositional Community Detection (CCD) to identify chemical motifs in atom probe tomography (APT) reconstructions. In the CCD approach, APT point clouds are broken into overlapping spherical neighborhoods, and repeated k-means clustering coupled with Louvain community detection is used to group neighborhoods based on their ion composition. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics for present ion types provide interpretable descriptors of each community that indicate the relative level of enrichment or depletion of ions within a community.

Novel Cause of Reversible Leukoencephalopathy in an Infant Associated With Illicit Fentanyl Exposure.

Fentanyl is a potent opioid anesthetic and analgesic whose illicit use has been linked to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity, affecting not only adults but also children through accidental exposure. We present a case of a 12-month-old normally developing baby girl who was admitted for hypothermia, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, altered mental status, and metabolic acidosis. A comprehensive workup confirmed the presence of fentanyl in her urine.

Performance of volume and diameter thresholds in malignancy prediction of solid nodules in lung cancer screening.

Background: Prospective validation and comparison of the performance of nodule management protocols is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the performance of size and risk thresholds for assessing malignancy in solid nodules at baseline low-dose CT (LDCT) in a lung cancer screening (LCS) programme.

Methods: This was an observational study using data from the SUMMIT Study, a prospective longitudinal study investigating LDCT for LCS.