Patients' experiences of, and psychological responses to, surveillance for pulmonary nodules detected through lung cancer screening.

Introduction: Low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality among high-risk populations, and detects indeterminate pulmonary nodules that require subsequent surveillance. This period of uncertainty could result in patients experiencing lung cancer-related distress, anxiety and worry. This multicentre qualitative study explored patients' experiences and psychological responses to disclosing and communicating nodule surveillance.

Performance of volume and diameter thresholds in malignancy prediction of solid nodules in lung cancer screening.

Background: Prospective validation and comparison of the performance of nodule management protocols is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the performance of size and risk thresholds for assessing malignancy in solid nodules at baseline low-dose CT (LDCT) in a lung cancer screening (LCS) programme.

Methods: This was an observational study using data from the SUMMIT Study, a prospective longitudinal study investigating LDCT for LCS.

Incidence rate and malignancy risk in new nodules in a lung cancer screening programme.

Introduction: There is limited evidence for the malignancy risk posed by new nodules appearing at annual screening rounds or at short-term interval nodule follow-up (NFU) CTs in lung cancer screening programmes. We investigated incidence rate and malignancy risk in new nodules appearing at NFU and at first annual CT in a screening cohort and investigated nodule and participant characteristics which predicted malignancy.

Methods: 11,566 participants underwent baseline CT screening between April 2019 and April 2020.

Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Findings on Cigarette Smoking Cessation Among High-Risk Adults Participating in Lung Cancer Screening.

Introduction: Integrating effective smoking cessation strategies for individuals undergoing lung cancer screening stands to significantly increase the impact of lung screening programmes. We assessed the impact of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) findings on smoking cessation among high-risk adults who currently smoked.

Aims And Methods: 13 035 individuals, aged 55-77 years, attended a lung health check appointment, as part of a prospective observational cohort study (the SUMMIT Study), prior to undergoing a baseline LDCT scan.

Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population (SUMMIT): a prospective, longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality. In advance of planned national lung cancer screening programmes, research is needed to inform policies regarding implementation. We aimed to assess the implementation of low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population and to validate a multicancer early detection blood test.

Uptake and 4-week outcomes of an 'opt-out' smoking cessation referral strategy in a London-based lung cancer screening setting.

Introduction: Lung cancer screening (LCS) enables the delivery of smoking cessation interventions to a population experiencing long-term tobacco dependence, but the optimal delivery method remains unclear. Here, we report uptake and short-term outcomes of an 'opt-out' smoking cessation referral strategy in an LCS cohort.

Methods: Individuals currently smoking tobacco who attended a face-to-face lung health check in the SUMMIT study (NCT03934866) were offered very brief advice on smoking cessation and where possible, an 'opt-out' referral to their local stop smoking service (SSS).

The SUMMIT Study: Utilising a written 'Next Steps' information booklet to prepare participants for potential lung cancer screening results and follow-up.

Objectives: Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer can result in several potential outcomes of varying significance. Communication methods used in Lung Cancer Screening (LCS) programmes must, therefore, ensure that participants are prepared for the range of possible results and follow-up. Here, we assess perceptions of a written preparatory information booklet provided to participants in a large LCS cohort designed to convey this information.

Growing small solid nodules in lung cancer screening: safety and efficacy of a 200 mm minimum size threshold for multidisciplinary team referral.

The optimal management of small but growing nodules remains unclear. The SUMMIT study nodule management algorithm uses a specific threshold volume of 200 mm before referral of growing solid nodules to the multidisciplinary team for further investigation is advised, with growing nodules below this threshold kept under observation within the screening programme. Malignancy risk of growing solid nodules of size >200 mm at initial 3-month interval scan was 58.

The reporting of pulmonary nodule results by letter in a lung cancer screening setting.

Objectives: Pulmonary nodules are commonly found in Lung Cancer Screening (LCS), with results typically communicated by face-to-face or telephone consultation. Providing LCS on a population basis requires resource efficient and scalabe communication methods. Written communication provides one such method.