Income-based inequalities in risk factors of NCDs and inequities of preventive care services amongst 202,682 adults: a cross-sectional study of South Asia Biobank.

Background: There is scant research examining income-based inequalities in risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and inequities of preventive care services across the South Asian population.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 202,682 adults aged 18 or above in four South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. We combined South Asia Biobank (SAB) surveillance data with environmental mapping exposure and 24-h dietary recall to estimate income-based inequalities using concentration curves and concentration indices (CI) that measure the magnitude and directional inequality effects.

High prevalence of metabolic obesity in India: The ICMR-INDIAB national study (ICMR-INDIAB-23).

Background & objectives While obesity usually produces cardio-metabolic dysfunction, some obese individuals are metabolically healthy, and conversely, some nonobese individuals have significant metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to assess the national prevalence of various obesity subtypes and their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Methods The ICMR-INDIAB study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 1,13,043 individuals aged ≥20 yr from urban and rural areas across 31 Indian States and Union Territories.

Quantification of regional variation in ultra-processed food consumption and its sociodemographic correlates across Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka: insights from the South Asia Biobank.

Background: Sales of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are rising in South Asia, yet UPF consumption and its sociodemographic determinants remain largely unknown. We aimed to quantify UPF consumption and investigate its sociodemographic correlates in four countries of South Asia.

Methods: Between January 2020 and September 2022, the South Asia Biobank recruited 63,914 participants aged 18 years or older who were resident in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and North and South India, and self-reported as being of South Asian ethnicity.

Lean diabetes is one end of the spectrum of type 2 diabetes and not a separate entity.

Aims: Lean diabetes mellitus is non-type 1 diabetes with BMI < 18.5 kg/m and is now proposed to be a unique form of diabetes. We report on prevalence, clinical and microvascular complication profile in lean diabetes to see whether it stands out as a distinct entity or is a continuum of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Effectiveness of Glipizide and Glipizide Plus Metformin Formulation among Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes: a Real-World, Retrospective Electronic Medical Record Analysis.

Background: In low- and middle-income countries, sulfonylureas are commonly prescribed due to cost-effectiveness. However, data comparing their real-world impact, especially when used alone versus in combination with metformin, remain limited.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of glipizide and glipizide plus metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using real-world data.

Compliance to tobacco and alcohol zoning regulations around schools in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using environmental mapping data.

Background: The built environment around schools that are regularly accessed by young people is determined by governments, national and regional policies in each country or region. Zoning regulations for tobacco and alcohol sales are expected to restrict availability and access by young people. This study aimed to examine (non) compliance with tobacco and alcohol zoning regulations around schools in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

Understanding Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Among Adults in Haryana: Insights from the ICMR-INDIAB Study [ICMR-INDIAB-19].

Introduction: Physical inactivity contributes to non-communicable disease (NCD) health burden, making it essential to study and address this issue at a population level. The present research aims to explore the patterns of physical activity (PA) in Haryana through a subgroup analysis of the national Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study.

Methods: This study was conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 in Haryana and included 3918 adult participants.

Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Diabetes Centre in India.

Introduction: The study aimed to explore the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF) using echocardiography and NT-proBNP. The study also derived an NT-proBNP cut-off for diagnosing HF by echo in Asian Indians with T2D.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed using data from individuals with T2D, aged ≥ 18 years, who visited diabetes clinics in India between March 2019 and December 2023.

A Novel High-Intensity Short Interval Dance Intervention (THANDAV) for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention Tailored to Asian Indian Adolescent Girls.

Background: A significant majority of adolescents from lower-middle-income countries do not meet recommendations for daily physical activity. THANDAV (Taking High-Intensity Interval Training [HIIT] ANd Dance to Adolescents for Victory over noncommunicable diseases [NCDs]) is a 10-minute dance intervention incorporating principles of HIIT. The present study evaluated the effect of THANDAV on cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behavior in Asian Indian adolescent girls.

Expression of Salivary and Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Individuals With Diabetes and Oral Cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the expression of salivary and serum Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in individuals with and without diabetes and oral cancer.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 4 groups ( = 12/group). Group I consisted of healthy individuals (controls), Group II individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without oral cancer, Group III individuals had only oral cancer and Group IV individuals had oral cancer and T2D.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asia.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and its association with GDM.

Methods: A total of 2141 pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation (mean gestational age: 10.5 ± 2.

The Adaptation, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of Intake24, a Digital 24-h Dietary Recall Tool for South Asian Populations: The South Asia Biobank.

Background: South Asia's diverse food supply, food preparations, and eating behaviors require dietary instruments that reflect the consumption patterns of South Asians to enable context specific dietary assessment. Such instruments are not readily available for detailed dietary assessment at scale in South Asia.

Objectives: We describe the adaptation, implementation, and performance evaluation of Intake24, an open-source digital 24-h dietary recall tool, for dietary assessment in South Asia.

ICMR-MDRF Diabetes Biosamples: Cohort profile.

Background & objectives Biobanks are crucial for biomedical research, enabling new treatments and medical advancements. The biobank at the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) aims to gather, process, store, and distribute biospecimens to assist scientific studies. Methods This article details the profile of two cohorts: the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR).

Associations of perceived neighbourhood and home environments with sedentary behaviour among adolescents in 14 countries: the IPEN adolescent cross sectional observational study.

Background: Understanding environmental correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among young people is important as such data can identify approaches to limit sedentary time. This paper estimates associations of parent-reported neighbourhood and adolescent-reported home environments with SB among adolescents aged 11-19 years from 14 countries.

Methods: In the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (an observational, cross-sectional multi-country study), adolescents wore a triaxial accelerometer for seven days that assessed sedentary time (ST).

Effect of Replacing Sucrose in Beverages with Nonnutritive Sweetener Sucralose on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Asian Indian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Country-specific evidence-based research is crucial for understanding the role of nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) in managing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The main aim of this study was to explore the effect of replacing sucrose with sucralose in coffee/tea in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This 12-week, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial included 210 participants with T2D, assigned to the intervention group, where sugar/sucrose in coffee or tea was substituted with sucralose, or the control group, where sugar/sucrose was continued.

Policy implementation and recommended actions to create healthy food environments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI): a comparative analysis in South Asia.

Background: The increasing prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asia is concerning, with type 2 diabetes projected to rise to 68%, compared to the global increase of 44%. Encouraging healthy diets requires stronger policies for healthier food environments.

Methods: This study reviewed and assessed food environment policies in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 2020 to 2022 using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and compared them with global best practices.

Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Haryana, India: The ICMR-INDIAB Study (ICMR-INDIAB-18).

Introduction: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with far-reaching consequences. Environmental factors, such as urban or rural residence, influence its prevalence and associated comorbidities. Haryana-a north Indian state-has undergone rapid urbanisation, and part of it is included in the National Capital Region (NCR).

Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: An Update.

Hyperglycemia occurring in pregnancy is a growing burden worldwide. It is now standard of care to screen all women during pregnancy, both to detect preexisting diabetes as well as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Traditionally, GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks.

Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17).

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates are rapidly increasing in India with wide regional variations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of metabolic NCDs in India and analyse interstate and inter-regional variations.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a cross-sectional population-based survey, assessed a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years and older drawn from urban and rural areas of 31 states, union territories, and the National Capital Territory of India.

Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Profile and Complications among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Seen at a Private Tertiary Diabetes Care Centre in India.

This study aimed to compare the clinical and biochemical profiles as well as the complications in males and females with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) presenting to a private tertiary diabetes care centre in India. This is a retrospective study, conducted between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019, and included 72,980 individuals with T2DM, aged ≥ 18 years (age and sex-matched-males-36,490; females-36,490). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, urea, and creatinine were measured.

Evaluation of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score in detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the Indian population: Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes population-based study (INDIAB-15).

Background & Objectives: Screening of individuals for early detection and identification of undiagnosed diabetes can help in reducing the burden of diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF)-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to screen for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in a large representative population in India.

Methods: Data were acquired from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a large national survey that included both urban and rural populations from 30 states/union territories in India.