High prevalence of metabolic obesity in India: The ICMR-INDIAB national study (ICMR-INDIAB-23).

Background & objectives While obesity usually produces cardio-metabolic dysfunction, some obese individuals are metabolically healthy, and conversely, some nonobese individuals have significant metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to assess the national prevalence of various obesity subtypes and their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Methods The ICMR-INDIAB study is a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 1,13,043 individuals aged ≥20 yr from urban and rural areas across 31 Indian States and Union Territories.

Lean diabetes is one end of the spectrum of type 2 diabetes and not a separate entity.

Aims: Lean diabetes mellitus is non-type 1 diabetes with BMI < 18.5 kg/m and is now proposed to be a unique form of diabetes. We report on prevalence, clinical and microvascular complication profile in lean diabetes to see whether it stands out as a distinct entity or is a continuum of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comparison to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as an important tool for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), offering real-time glucose data and the potential for improved glycemic control. Unlike traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), which provides intermittent readings, CGM captures continuous glucose fluctuations, including postprandial and nocturnal changes, which are critical in GDM management.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of CGM compared with SMBG in managing glycemic control in women with GDM, focusing on key glycemic metrics such as time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (GV), and exploring their associations with maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Mortality and Excess Life Lost in South Asians.

Background: Current definitions of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes do not capture their pathophysiological heterogeneity. We investigated data-driven subtypes of T2D and prediabetes and evaluated their associations with mortality.

Methods: We analyzed data from 14,306 South Asian participants from the CArdiometabolic Risk Reduction cohort using unsupervised k-means clustering based on five variables: age, BMI, HbA1c, insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction.

Clustering in gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a heterogenous disease with significant clinical variation. Studies of GDM clusters that are distinctive in terms of maternal characteristics could pave the way for more personalized treatments.

Aim: We aimed to collate studies dealing with clusters of GDM published in the literature.

Understanding Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Among Adults in Haryana: Insights from the ICMR-INDIAB Study [ICMR-INDIAB-19].

Introduction: Physical inactivity contributes to non-communicable disease (NCD) health burden, making it essential to study and address this issue at a population level. The present research aims to explore the patterns of physical activity (PA) in Haryana through a subgroup analysis of the national Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study.

Methods: This study was conducted between December 2018 and July 2019 in Haryana and included 3918 adult participants.

Epigenome-wide association study identifies a specific panel of DNA methylation signatures for antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms.

Depression during pregnancy and postpartum poses significant risks to both maternal and child well-being. The underlying biological mechanisms are unclear, but epigenetic variation could be exploited as a plausible candidate for early detection. We investigated whether DNA methylation signatures are associated with antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS) and whether early alterations in methylation patterns could be used to predict postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS).

Association of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Indian women: results from the CARRS study.

Background: Early onset of menarche is associated with hormonal alterations that may predispose women to diabetes. We investigated the association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in India, a setting with declining menarche age and increasing burden of diabetes.

Methods: Data were from the Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia study.

Association of early pregnancy telomere length and mitochondrial copy number with gestational diabetes mellitus and depressive symptoms.

Aim: A bidirectional link exists between depression and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). While telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) alterations have been reported either in GDM or depression, their predictive ability of GDM with coexisting depression remains unexplored. We, therefore, prospectively investigated the relationship of TL and mtDNA-CN in blood leukocytes during early pregnancy and explored their potential as predictive biomarkers for identifying the risk of developing GDM with depressive symptoms later in pregnancy.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asia.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and its association with GDM.

Methods: A total of 2141 pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation (mean gestational age: 10.5 ± 2.

ICMR-MDRF Diabetes Biosamples: Cohort profile.

Background & objectives Biobanks are crucial for biomedical research, enabling new treatments and medical advancements. The biobank at the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) aims to gather, process, store, and distribute biospecimens to assist scientific studies. Methods This article details the profile of two cohorts: the Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study and the Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (ICMR-YDR).

Community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cardiovascular diseases and modifiable risk factors in India.

Background: Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is critical to inform CVD prevention strategies, but limited community-level data exist from developing countries.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CVD and CVRF and acceptability of non-physician health workers and text-message based reminders to guide CVD prevention strategies in India.

Methods: We conducted a telephone-based survey nested in the on-going Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Delhi and Chennai, India between January 2021 to February 2021.

Health effects of selected environmental Exposomes Across the Life courSe in Indian populations using longitudinal cohort studies: GEOHealth HEALS Study protocol.

Introduction: Air pollution presents a major public health threat to India, affecting more than three quarters of the country's population. In the current project, GEOHealth Health Effects of Selected Environmental Exposomes Across the Life CourSe-India, we aim to study the effect of environmental exposomes-fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O) and extremes of temperature-on multiple health outcomes using a modified life course approach. The associated training grant aims to build capacity in India to address the unique environmental health problems.

Early pregnancy HbA as the first screening test for gestational diabetes: results from three prospective cohorts.

Background: More than 90% of gestational diabetes cases are estimated to occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Most current guidelines recommend an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. The OGTT is burdensome, especially in LMICs, resulting in a high proportion of women not being screened.

Urban-Rural Differences in the Prevalence of Diabetes Among Adults in Haryana, India: The ICMR-INDIAB Study (ICMR-INDIAB-18).

Introduction: Diabetes is a multifactorial disease with far-reaching consequences. Environmental factors, such as urban or rural residence, influence its prevalence and associated comorbidities. Haryana-a north Indian state-has undergone rapid urbanisation, and part of it is included in the National Capital Region (NCR).

Correction: Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in south and southeast Asian women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes in Indians: Time to Progression.

Objective: To describe the natural history of diabetes in Indians.

Research Design And Methods: Data are from participants older than 20 years in the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia longitudinal study. Glycemic states were defined per American Diabetes Association criteria.

Evaluating bias with loss to follow-up in a community-based cohort: empirical investigation from the CARRS Study.

Background: Retention of participants is a challenge in community-based longitudinal cohort studies. We aim to evaluate the factors associated with loss to follow-up and estimate attrition bias.

Methods: Data are from an ongoing cohort study, Center for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) in India (Delhi and Chennai).

Burden of undiagnosed and suboptimally controlled diabetes in selected regions of India: Results from the SMART India population-level diabetes screening study.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and suboptimally controlled diabetes and the associated risk factors by community screening in India.

Methods: In this multi-centre, cross-sectional study, house-to-house screening was conducted in people aged ≥40 years in urban and rural areas across 10 states and one union territory in India between November 2018 and March 2020. Participants underwent anthropometry, clinical and biochemical assessments.

Corrigendum: Impact of a tobacco sales ban on the frequency of tobacco consumption in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tid/161855.].

Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17).

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates are rapidly increasing in India with wide regional variations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of metabolic NCDs in India and analyse interstate and inter-regional variations.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a cross-sectional population-based survey, assessed a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years and older drawn from urban and rural areas of 31 states, union territories, and the National Capital Territory of India.

Evaluation of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-Indian Diabetes Risk Score in detecting undiagnosed diabetes in the Indian population: Results from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes population-based study (INDIAB-15).

Background & Objectives: Screening of individuals for early detection and identification of undiagnosed diabetes can help in reducing the burden of diabetic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF)-Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to screen for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in a large representative population in India.

Methods: Data were acquired from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a large national survey that included both urban and rural populations from 30 states/union territories in India.