Impact of preoperative medical management on postoperative outcomes after index percutaneous rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective: Initial medical management fails in nearly half of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and patients will seek surgical management with either rhizotomy or microvascular decompression. The impact of preoperative medical management on post-rhizotomy outcomes is unclear. The authors aimed to further evaluate this relationship.

The Effect of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Fatigue on Energy Intake Among Youth With and Without Recent Reported Dietary Restraint.

Objective: Resource-based models of self-regulation posit that cognitive fatigue, or the depletion of cognitive resources, may be an impetus for self-regulatory difficulties, including overeating. Studies of adults indicate that cognitive fatigue may increase energy intake only among adults who report engaging in dietary restraint (DR). The current study examined if DR similarly moderates the effects of cognitive fatigue on energy intake in youth.

Detection of human brain cancers using genomic and immune cell characterization of cerebrospinal fluid through CSF-BAM.

Patients with radiographically detectable lesions in their brain or other symptoms compatible with brain tumors pose challenges for diagnosis. The only definitive way to diagnose such patients is through brain biopsy, an invasive and dangerous procedure. Here we present a new workflow termed "CSF-BAM" that simultaneously identifies B cell or T cell receptor sequences, Aneuploidy, and Mutations using amplification of both strands of the DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.

The role of extent of resection, chemoradiation, and MGMT promoter methylation in overall survival in a large cohort of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

Objective: Although MGMT promoter methylation, gross-total resection (GTR), and adjuvant chemoradiation therapy are known to independently improve clinical outcomes for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), their combined influence remains unclear. In the present study, the authors investigated the complementary role of these factors in GBM prognosis.

Methods: The 2022 National Cancer Database was queried for individuals with histologically confirmed IDH-wildtype GBM WHO grade 4 and available MGMT promoter methylation status data.

Adaptive linkage concept for replicating multi-phase stroke mechanics.

Adaptive kayaking devices currently limit biomechanical fidelity, constraining range of motion and introducing unnatural dynamic profiles that impair user performance. This study proposes a four-bar linkage mechanism that replicates the natural semi-ellipsoidal and multi-phase forward stroke, grounded in biomechanics research and motion capture data. The stroke path was benchmarked against a standard derived from a prior kayak stroke analysis and refined using data characterizing movement across three spatial axes.

Incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with brain metastases from stage IV colorectal cancer: a population-based study from 2013 to 2023.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally with rising incidence in the young population. While rare, brain metastasis (BM) in CRC patients leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of BM is expected to rise due to improved screening and treatments extending patient survival.

Prevalence, therapeutic approaches, and survival rates of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional claims-based study from 2014 to 2024.

Purpose: Brain metastases (BM) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Updated epidemiological studies are crucial to guide screening and treatment strategies. We investigated the prevalence, timing, and outcomes of BM in patients diagnosed with NSCLC utilizing the TrinetX Oncology database.

Self-Assembled Silicon@Silica Metasurfaces with High-Quality Resonances in the Infrared.

2D assemblies of resonant dielectric particles constitute promising materials for the next generation of photonic devices, thanks to their low optical losses and intense electromagnetic response. However, bottom-up synthesis methods present many difficulties when targeting metasurface applications, particularly due to the high degree of positional disorder and the size dispersion of the resonant particles. This work presents the fabrication of core-shell silicon@silica particles with multipolar resonances in the visible and near-infrared.

Incidence and Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent and Young Adult US Military Dependents From 2018 to 2022.

Study Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among people who menstruate. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) military dependents, a large, diverse subset of the United States population, have not been represented in prior reports of PCOS. This study estimated the incidence and prevalence of possible-PCOS (PCOS symptoms in the absence of a documented PCOS diagnosis) and PCOS in AYA military dependents, and described the length of time between possible-PCOS and first documented PCOS diagnosis for people who met both during the surveillance period.

Cognitive fatigue did not significantly influence youth's total energy intake or snack food consumption during a randomized trial.

Resource-based models of self-regulation propose that fatigue-induced depletion of cognitive resources is an impetus for overeating. Data provide preliminary support for resource-based models for eating in adults, but the relevance of this pathway for youth is unknown. The aim of this study was to test a resource-based model of eating behavior in youth.

Drivers of neurosurgeon selection among operative intracranial tumor patients.

Objective: Despite increased access to online information, little is known about what factors patients consider when selecting a neurosurgeon for intracranial tumor resection. This study aims to identify patient priorities in neurosurgeon selection.

Methods: Patients who underwent intracranial tumor resection between January 1, 2023, and January 31, 2024, at a single institution were surveyed.

Developing a framework for monitoring the stages towards achieving effective coverage and equity for maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition interventions.

Reaching the Sustainable Development Goal 2030 global mortality and morbidity targets will require increased access to essential health services. Scaling high-impact health interventions within the public sector is complex; delineation of the pathway to scale for each intervention within each distinct geography is important for prioritising actions to advance interventions towards effective coverage. Following a review of 38 theoretical frameworks describing pathways for scaling health system interventions, we developed, tested and refined a new schema-the Stages of Achieving Effective Coverage and Equity Framework-for use to describe the status of policy adoption, implementation and coverage of key maternal, newborn, child health and nutrition (MNCHN) interventions.

Timing of pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after firearm-related penetrating brain injury.

Objective: Mounting evidence supports early initiation of pharmacological venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after traumatic brain injury. However, the effectiveness and safety of VTE prophylaxis after penetrating brain injury (PBI) is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in patients with firearm-related PBI.

Prevalence, treatment patterns, and survival of patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study using the TriNetX Oncology Database.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) portend increased morbidity and mortality in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We aimed to characterize the prevalence, timing, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of BM associated with SCLC over the past decade.

Methods: Data from 4014 patients with histologically confirmed SCLC were extracted from the TriNetX Oncology database.

A multi-analyte blood test for acute spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUNDRapid diagnosis to facilitate urgent intervention is critical for treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that a multi-analyte blood biomarker would support point-of-care SCI diagnosis, correlate with injury severity, and predict long-term neurologic outcomes.METHODSDroplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays were designed to amplify differentially hypomethylated genomic loci in spinal cord tissue.

Hospital frailty risk score predicts postoperative outcomes after endoscopic endonasal resection of non-functioning pituitary adenomas.

Purpose: Frailty indices are invaluable resources in risk stratification and predicting high-value care outcomes for neurosurgical patients. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a recently developed and validated method for evaluating frailty; however, its implementation has yet to be assessed in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate HFRS's predictive ability for high-value care outcomes, namely postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges, and to compare it to other traditionally used frailty indices.

Creating a predictive model and online calculator for high-value care outcomes following glioblastoma resection: incorporating neighborhood socioeconomic status index.

Purpose: Social determinants of health including neighborhood socioeconomic status, have been established to play a profound role in overall access to care and outcomes in numerous specialized disease entities. To provide glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with high-quality care, it is crucial to identify predictors of hospital length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and access to postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation. In this study, we incorporate a novel neighborhood socioeconomic status index (NSES) and develop three predictive algorithms for assessing post-operative outcomes in GBM patients, offering a tool for preoperative risk stratification of GBM patients.

Detection of human brain cancers using genomic and immune cell characterization of cerebrospinal fluid through CSF-BAM.

Unlabelled: Patients who have radiographically detectable lesions in their brain or other symptoms compatible with brain tumors pose challenges for diagnosis. The only definitive way to diagnose such patients is through brain biopsy, an obviously invasive and dangerous procedure. Here we present a new workflow termed "CSF-BAM" that simultaneously identifies cell or T cell receptor rearrangements, neuploidy, and using PCR-mediated amplification of both strands of the DNA from CSF samples.

Adult Height Following Prepubertal Treatment With Antiandrogen, Aromatase Inhibitor, and Reduced Hydrocortisone in CAH.

Context: Height outcome in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is suboptimal due to glucocorticoid and androgen excess.

Methods: In an open, randomized, controlled trial, children with classic CAH were randomized to receive a combination regimen of antiandrogen, aromatase inhibitor, reduced hydrocortisone, and fludrocortisone prior to puberty or standard therapy (hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone). Females continued on antiandrogen during puberty.

Unveiling the Potential of Redox Chemistry to Form Size-Tunable, High-Index Silicon Particles.

Silicon particles of intermediate sizes (75-200 nm) scatter visible wavelengths, making them promising candidates for optical devices. The solution synthesis of silicon particles in this size range, however, has proved challenging for chemists over the past few decades. Here, a solution-phase synthesis provides a pathway toward reaching size tunability between 45 and 230 nm via changing the reactant ratio in the reaction between a silicon Zintl phase (NaSi) with an amidinate-stabilized Si(IV) coordination complex.

A Pilot Randomized Control Trial Testing a Smartphone-Delivered Food Attention Retraining Program in Adolescent Girls with Overweight or Obesity.

Background/objectives: Attention bias (AB) toward food is associated with obesity, but it is unclear if programs designed to reduce AB can impact adolescents' eating behavior. We investigated whether a two-week, smartphone-delivered attention retraining (AR) program (vs a control program) altered food AB in adolescent girls with overweight.

Methods: Participants completed three food-cue visual-probe trainings/day.

Evaluating the atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with brain metastases: Associations with overall survival and high-value care outcomes.

Objective: Brain metastases (BM) constitute the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Prior literature indicates the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score is associated with increased risk of cancer, potentially attributable to shared risk factors. Understanding the role of ASCVD risk scores in BM may help optimize their care and inform clinical decision-making.

Survival Factors in 1580 Adults with Spinal Ependymoma: Insights from a Multicenter Oncology Database.

Background: Using a multi-institutional oncology database, we investigate the survival rates and the impacts of demographic, clinical, and management characteristics on overall survival among adult patients diagnosed with spinal ependymoma.

Methods: Utilizing the SEER registry, patients with histologically or radiologically confirmed ependymomas were included. Factors impacting overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank statistical analyses.