Mpox infection: A state-of-the-art overview of epidemiological, molecular, and clinical aspects following the 2024 public health emergency.

Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), re-emerged as a significant global health issue in 2024, resulting in the declaration of a second Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The emergence of Clade Ib in Central Africa, particularly affecting children and immunocompromised individuals, and the ongoing global spread of Clade IIb have raised concerns about increased transmissibility and virulence, potentially driven by accelerated APOBEC3-mediated viral mutations. Novel vaccination strategies include the licensed JYNNEOS and Japan's LC16 KMB, as well as promising mRNA vaccine candidates currently in clinical trials.

Leukoaraiosis severity and outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the standard of care for eligible patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Yet, little is known regarding the impact of leukoaraiosis (LA) on outcomes following EVT for LVO.

Purpose: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of LA on outcomes following EVT.

MR Imaging versus Noncontrast CT for Selecting Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke of Large Vessel Occlusion for Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Neuroimaging in the acute phases after the onset of stroke symptoms is necessary to determine large vessel occlusion presence as well as the extent of the ischemic insult before deeming eligibility for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke selected for EVT based on initial imaging; NCCT compared with those selected by using MRI.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 2024.

Initial Experience with the Pipeline Vantage Flow Diverter for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The Pipeline Vantage Flow diverter (Vantage) is the latest generation of Pipeline flow diverters introducing Cobalt-chronium drawn-filled tubing and 48 to 68 wires.

Purpose: We report the initial safety and efficacy of Vantage in treating intracranial aneurysms in the published literature.

Data Sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to established protocols.

Chronic effects of tobacco smoking on electrical brain activity: A systematic review on electroencephalography studies.

Despite significant strides in reducing smoking prevalence globally, tobacco use remains a leading contributor to ill health and premature death worldwide. While the detrimental impacts of smoking on various organs are well-established, its specific effects on nervous system function remain an area of ongoing investigation. This systematic review delves into the neurobiological effects of smoking, particularly through the lens of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG).

Impact of Smoking on Recurrence and Angiographic Outcomes after Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cerebral aneurysm recurrence remains a critical endpoint in evaluating the success of endovascular treatment. While smoking is a recognized risk factor for aneurysm formation and rupture, its impact on post-treatment angiographic outcomes is unclear due to conflicting evidence.

Purpose: To systematically assess the association between smoking and angiographic outcomes-including occlusion, recurrence, and retreatment-following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Risk of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most dreaded complication after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to estimate and compare risks of sICH after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) depending on the location of the large vessel occlusion, concomitant use of intravenous thrombolysis, timing of treatment, and core size.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included, following a comprehensive search of different databases from inception to 1 March 2024.

Metformin efficacy and safety as an adjunctive treatment for irritability in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Antidiabetic medications have shown efficacy in alleviating autism symptoms. However, there is a lack of clinical research on the impact of metformin on irritability associated with autism. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin as an adjuvant therapy with risperidone for managing irritability in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Survival Factors in 1580 Adults with Spinal Ependymoma: Insights from a Multicenter Oncology Database.

Background: Using a multi-institutional oncology database, we investigate the survival rates and the impacts of demographic, clinical, and management characteristics on overall survival among adult patients diagnosed with spinal ependymoma.

Methods: Utilizing the SEER registry, patients with histologically or radiologically confirmed ependymomas were included. Factors impacting overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank statistical analyses.

The effect of an educational program on illness uncertainty in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes: a quasi-experimental study.

The mother is traditionally the primary caregiver for the child, and uncertainty is a major source of psychological distress for parents of sick children. As a result, the current study sought to investigate the impact of an educational program on illness uncertainty in mothers of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design, involving 40 mothers of children with IDDM.

Net water uptake as a predictive neuroimaging marker for acute ischemic stroke outcomes: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the role of net water uptake (NWU) in predicting outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed, adhering to established guidelines. The search covered PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until July 1, 2023.

The Role of Multimodal Imaging in Differentiating Vasogenic from Infiltrative Edema: A Systematic Review.

 High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most prevalent primary malignancy of the central nervous system. The tumor results in vasogenic and infiltrative edema . Exact anatomical differentiation of these edemas is so important for surgical planning.

Organized physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability.

Background: There is little data on physical activity (PA), organized PA (OPA), and sedentary behaviors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders in developing countries.

Aim: To examine OPA, non-OPA, and sedentary behaviors and their associated factors in children and adolescents with ASD, cerebral palsy (CP), and intellectual disability (ID).

Methods: A total of 1020 children and adolescents with ASD, CP, and ID were assessed regarding the child and family information as well as the Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey.

Reboxetine Combination Therapy With Fluoxetine in Moderate to Severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.

Objectives: Reboxetine is a potent and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that was effective in combination with citalopram for resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aims to assess its effectiveness and tolerability in combination with fluoxetine in treating OCD.

Methods: In this 2-center, placebo-controlled, and double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 76 patients with OCD were assigned into 2 parallel groups to receive fluoxetine (up to 80 mg/d) plus placebo (F + P) or fluoxetine (up to 80 mg/d) plus reboxetine (F + R) (10 mg twice daily) for 10 weeks.

The impact of off-hour mechanical thrombectomy therapy on outcomes for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of off-hours and on-hours mechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not well understood. We conducted a systematic review and met-analysis comparing outcomes between patients undergoing off-hours MT versus on-hours MT.

Methods: This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses recommendations.

Periosteal Nerve Block Vs. Intravenous Morphine in Pain Relief of Distal Radius and Ulna Fracture; a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Distal forearm fractures' realignment and fixation is a painful procedure. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of periosteal nerve block and intravenous morphine in distal radius and ulna fractures' pain management.

Methods: In the present randomized, parallel, double-blind, controlled clinical trial, patients with distal radius or ulna fractures were divided into two groups.

Laparoscopic gastric plication: A long-term follow-up and comparison of outcomes in severe vs. non-severe obesity.

Background: LGGCP is a non-gastrectomy, restrictive bariatric technique. This study aims to assess its long-term efficacy.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study on LGGCP patients (2010-2019) from a single tertiary center, followed for up to 60 months.

A rare case of prostate cancer initially presented by disseminated intravascular coagulation-related subdural hemorrhage.

Background: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been reported in various solid malignancies and is a common coagulation-related complication in prostate cancer. However, DIC has been rarely reported as the initial presentation of prostate cancer. Herein, we reported a patient referring with subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and DIC with an unexplained cause who was later diagnosed with prostate cancer.

COVID-19 and its implications on the clinico-radiological course of multiple sclerosis: A case-control study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that has been related to several risk factors such as various viral infections. We carried out this study in order to establish a relationship between COVID-19 infection and MS severity.

Methods: In a case-control study, we recruited patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Ketamine and Other Glutamate Receptor Modulating Agents for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Available treatments of depression have limited efficacy and unsatisfactory remission rates. This study aims to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating effects of glutamate receptor modulators in treating patients with resistant depression. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225516).

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Open or Endoscopic Release Surgery Method?

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or median nerve neuropathy is among the causes of numbness, paresthesia, and sensory and motor dysfunction in the affected hand. The objective of this study was to compare open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) methods.

Methods: A multicenter, historical cohort study was performed on 47 hands in 46 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CTS and a failed trial of conservative treatment.

The neuropsychotropic effects of L. (saffron): an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating its clinical efficacy in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Objective: Saffron is a spice derived from the L. with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This study aims to systematically review the systematic reviews (SRs) investigating the clinical neuropsychotropic effects of saffron.