Impact of Timing During Simulated Vitreoretinal Surgery by Trainees.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of surgical timing on the performance of vitreoretinal (VR) trainees in a simulated setting.

Methods: In a prospective cross-over observational study, VR trainees were asked to perform various surgical tasks on the Eyesi surgical simulator. These included navigation and anti-tremor, pars plana vitrectomy and posterior vitreous detachment, bimanual training, bimanual scissors use, and epiretinal membrane peeling.

Acquired epileptic aphasia in NMDA encephalitis: a unique electroclinical presentation with pathophysiological considerations.

A boy in his middle childhood who was premorbidly normal presented with new-onset seizures and progressive auditory aphasia, raising suspicion of Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS). Continuous spike and wave during sleep with a left centrotemporal spike pattern on the electroencephalogram (EEG) supported the preliminary diagnosis. But the febrile episodes after admission and the MRI findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis changed the diagnostic considerations.

Evaluation of Derived Cell-Free DNA-Based Multi-Targeted Real-Time PCR from Vitreous Fluid (VF) Samples to Diagnose Ocular Tuberculosis.

Background: Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is an important cause of vision loss in India. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of OTB is paramount to decreasing morbidity and saving the eyes from blindness. DNA present in cell-free form is expected to give a higher detection yield.

A deep learning approach for objective evaluation of microscopic neuro-drilling craniotomy skills.

Background: Minimally invasive microscopic and endoscopic neurosurgery demands precise use of high-speed micro-drilling tools to prevent potential complications. Present-day neuro-drilling training methods include cadaveric specimens and surgical simulators. However, skills assessment is mostly manual, and there is a pressing need for automation and personalized feedback for trainee surgeons.

Immunomodulatory activity of 4-(Benzyloxy)phenol facilitates intracellular mycobacterial clearance through p53 mediated IL-35 signaling dependent JAK1/STAT3 pathway in human macrophages.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), modulates host immune responses by regulating various cytokines. Precise regulation of these cytokines renders the host pathogen-free, whereas their dysregulation increases the susceptibility to infection.

Clinicopathological prognostic factors for survival in patients with breast cancer: a retrospective study from a tertiary cancer centre from North-West India.

Background: Among women worldwide, breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy. Understanding potential prognostic indicators is critical for selecting the optimal treatment modalities, evaluating the response and creating a follow-up plan. In this retrospective study, the clinical and pathological features of primary breast cancer patients who presented to the tertiary cancer centre in the past 10 years were retrospectively studied and analysed to assess their correlation with survival.

Surgery for epiretinal membrane using three different surgical platforms: A comparative pilot study.

Purpose: To compare dye-assisted epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling using a standard operating microscope (SOM) with peeling without staining using either microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (Mi-OCT) or a three-dimensional heads-up display (3D-HUD) platform.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, randomized, and interventional pilot study. Patients requiring surgical intervention for ERM were randomized into group A (Mi-OCT), group B (3D-HUD), where dye was not used, and group C (dye-assisted peeling using SOM).

An Integrated Approach: Improving Tooth Nomenclature to Include Dental Abnormalities for Enhanced Clinical Diagnosis and Communication.

In dentistry, a tooth numbering system helps identify specific tooth positions in the mouth. This system includes quadrant types for primary and permanent teeth, making it easy to locate and document tooth positions. The tooth notation system is crucial for recording an individual's case history and efficient clinical record keeping and standardizing diagnostic makeover.

Visual threat avoidance while host seeking by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti infects hundreds of millions of people annually with disease-causing viruses. When a mosquito approaches a host, the host often swats defensively. Here, we reveal the mosquito's escape behavior during host seeking in response to a threatening visual cue-a newly appearing shadow.

Understanding the physiological role and cross-interaction network of VapBC35 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The VapBC toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, composed of VapC toxin and VapB antitoxin, has gained attention due to its relative abundance in members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Here, we have functionally characterised VapBC35 TA system from M.

Diversity of secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces with potential anti-tubercular activity: a review.

The bacterial genus Streptomyces is known for the prolific production of secondary metabolites, which exhibit remarkable structural diversity and potent biological activities. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a formidable global health challenge exacerbated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The untapped potential of marine Streptomyces-derived secondary metabolites offers a promising avenue for screening anti-tubercular (anti-TB) compounds with unique chemical structures and potential bioactive properties.

Enamel hypoplasia: a potential diagnostic aid in DiGeorge syndrome.

SummaryDental enamel, renowned as the hardest substance in the human body, serves as a resilient outer layer that safeguards the tooth crown. Acting as a formidable barrier, it shields the dental pulp from physical, thermal and chemical harm. The appearance of enamel, characterised by its opacity and colour, mirrors its unique structure and composition.

Paediatric vascular-related hereditary giant rib osteochondroma: report of a successful chest wall reconstruction.

Background: Hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) are benign neoplasms that predominantly affect the bones around the knee joint, proximal humerus, wrist, pelvis, and to a lesser extent, the rib. Although rib-origin osteochondromas are uncommon and often asymptomatic, they can lead to pleural, pericardial, and diaphragmatic injuries secondary to tumour related pressure. We are presenting a unique case of a vascular-related giant osteochondroma rib that is hereditary, originating from the right second, third, and fourth ribs causing compression symptoms in a young child.

Itaconate mechanism of action and dissimilation in .

Itaconate, an abundant metabolite produced by macrophages upon interferon-γ stimulation, possesses both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. Despite its crucial role in immunity and antimicrobial control, its mechanism of action and dissimilation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that infection of mice with increases itaconate levels in lung tissues.

Withaferin A inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 protease and shows antiviral activity in the cell culture and mouse model of virus infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus causing fever, myalgia, and debilitating joint swelling and pain, which in many patients becomes chronic. The frequent epidemics of CHIKV across the world pose a significant public health burden necessitating the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. A cellular imaging-based high-content screening of natural compounds identified withaferin A (WFA), a steroidal lactone isolated from the plant Withania somnifera, as a potent antiviral against CHIKV.