Design and implementation of a writing-stroke motor imagery paradigm for multi-character EEG classification.

Motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) decode neural activity to generate command outputs. However, the limited number of distinguishable commands in traditional MI-BCI systems restricts practical applications. To overcome this limitation, we propose a multi-character classification framework based on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals.

Early-life nutritional additives, household environment, and air pollution in relation to childhood food allergies: A multi-city mother-child study in China.

Background: Nutritional supplements and environments have been linked with food allergy (FA), but little research has explored their interactions on children's FA.

Objectives: To explore the associations between early-life nutritional supplements, household environmental factors (HEFs), and outdoor air pollutant (OAP) exposures, and their interactions on children's FAs.

Methods: We collected 20,730 surveyed questionnaires from five Chinese cities, covering data on individual characteristics, health outcomes, and HEFs.

Effects of SiO Nanoparticles and Polymers on the Rheology of Fluorine-Free Foam.

To enhance the performance of fluorine-free firefighting foam, a mixed dispersion system comprising silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs), guar gum (GG), and surfactants was developed and systematically evaluated. Compared with systems containing only NPs or GG, the combined formulation significantly improved foam stability and rheological properties. The optimized GG-NPs formulation exhibited the lowest drainage volume and the highest storage modulus, indicating enhanced structural integrity.

Feature-guided multilayer encoding-decoding network for segmentation for 3D intraoral scan data.

Accurate segmentation of malocclusion is crucial in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, but existing deep learning methods seriously affect the reliability of clinical applications due to poor robustness and feature confusion between neighboring tooth classes when dealing with malocclusion. To address this problem, a U-shaped 3D dental model segmentation method based on hierarchical feature guidance is proposed. First, a feature-guided deep encoder architecture is constructed, which introduces a normalization method that combines the local mean with the global standard deviation.

Damage quantification of mining explosion-proof equipment using thermal flame dynamics and improved LSTM.

To address the lack of quantitative characterization methods for flame propagation during internal non-ignition detonation tests of explosion-proof equipment, this study proposes a damage severity quantification method using an improved LSTM model with thermal imaging feature fusion. A detonation flame thermal imaging dataset is constructed, where flame contours are segmented and features extracted via a pre-trained Faster R-CNN. Temporal sampling generates flame image sequences, from which key spatiotemporal features-area, centroid velocity, aspect ratio, circularity, and area change rate-are derived to describe dynamic flame propagation.

Multidimensional Fatigue Assessment of High-Altitude Electrical Workers: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Physiological and Psychological Indicators : Electrical Workers: A Comprehensive Analysis.

High-altitude electrical work is a high-risk and physically demanding occupation that has received limited empirical investigation, particularly regarding the physiological and psychological fatigue experienced during operations. This study provides an initial empirical exploration into fatigue among high-altitude electrical workers by examining the relationship between subjective fatigue perception and multiple physiological indicators in realistic working environments. Thirty professional high-altitude electrical workers participated in field-based measurements conducted during routine summer operations.

Study on large deformation mechanism and surrounding rock control of entry in "three soft coal seam" of deep mine.

To address the problem of large deformation challenges encountered in the two entries of the working face during the extraction of "three-soft coal seam" in deep mines, taking the No. 1509 isolated working face in Shanyang Coal Mine as the engineering background, this study comprehensively employs laboratory experiments, field measurements, theoretical calculations, and FLAC3D numerical simulations, it analyzes the lithological causes of original support failure, reveals the deformation and failure laws of roadway surrounding rock before and after mining influence, obtains the relationship between the distribution characteristics of the loose circle and the support range of bolts and cables, and uncovers the large deformation mechanism of the two gate roads in the No. 1509 working face.

An ultrasmall structure-optimized vanadium oxides integrated into nitrogen-doped bead-chain-like hollow carbon nanofibers for advanced flexible cathode of zinc ion batteries.

With the rapid advancement of science and technology, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) has garnered increasing attention in consideration of security, chemical stability and cost-effectiveness. Vanadium-based oxides have emerged as a promising high-performance electrode materials for AZIBs, owing to their high energy density, rich crystal configurations, and simple preparation process. However, the practical application of vanadium oxides is hindered by their low ion/electron transfer rate and significant capacity fading during electrochemical reactions.

Anti-Swelling Dual-Network Zwitterionic Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Human Activity Sensing.

Conventional conductive hydrogels are susceptible to swelling in aquatic environments; which compromises their mechanical integrity; a limitation that poses a potential challenge to their long-term stability and application. In this study, a zwitterionic ion-conductive hydrogel was fabricated from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), acrylic acid (AA), and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SMBA), forming a dual-network structure. A copolymer of zwitterionic SBMA and AA formed the first network, and PVA formed the second network by repeated freeze-thawing.

Microbial Community Assembly Mechanisms of Groundwater Under Salinity-Oxygen Stress in the Golmud River Watershed, Northwest China.

The mechanisms underlying groundwater microbial community assembly have long attracted attention in earth, environmental, and ecological studies. Nevertheless, limited knowledge is available regarding microbial community assembly within the intact groundwater flow systems in arid regions. In this study, long-term hydrochemical data and microbial community profiles were integrated to unravel the assembly processes and driving forces mediating microbial communities in the Golmud River watershed.

How Does the Hydroxylated Carbon Chain Length in Polyol Electrolyte Additives Influence the Stability of Zn Anode?

Zinc (Zn) anode shows great potential for aqueous zinc-ion batteries yet faces persistent issues of dendritic growth and parasitic reactions at the interface. Here, six polyol additives with different hydroxylated carbon chain lengths are systematically studied under standardized conditions as interfacial regulators for optimizing Zn plating behavior. The calculations coupled with experimental analyses reveal a critical chain-length dependence: short-chain polyols prioritize Zn migration and desolvation but insufficiently protect the interface, whereas long-chain polyols lead to excessive kinetic barriers despite effective interfacial stabilization.

Defining Human Thermoregulation Limits: A Critical Evaluation of Predictive Models using Healthy Young Adults.

The core temperature inflection point (CTIP) method (also known as humidity-ramp protocol) and biophysical modeling are widely used to determine human thermoregulation limits, yet their validity under prolonged heat exposure remains unverified. This study evaluated their predictive accuracy by exposing 36 healthy young adults (20 males & 16 females) to five counterbalanced 8-hour indoor heat trials in a controlled chamber (36°C/74.5%RH, 40°C/55.

Defect engineering for enhancing the piezoelectric catalytic activity of BiS for hydrogen production.

Piezocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for sustainable hydrogen production, yet its efficiency remains limited by insufficient charge separation and sluggish surface reactions. In this study, we demonstrate that introducing sulfur vacancies into bismuth sulfide (BiS) significantly enhances its piezocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution. DFT calculations revealed that sulfur vacancies induce asymmetric Bi-S bond contraction and adjacent bond elongation, and the redistribution of electron density produces local dipole moments, thus improving the piezoelectric response of BiS.

Overburden structure fracture evolution and ground pressure behavior under oblique residual coal pillars in thick seam mining.

This study investigates the complex overburden fracture movements and mining pressure evolution induced by obliquely arranged lower-slice extraction passing through residual upper-slice coal pillars in split-level fully mechanized top coal caving of extremely thick coal seams. Through integrated physical simulation, FLAC numerical analysis, and field monitoring, the instability mechanisms of residual pillars and their impact on strata behavior were elucidated. The internal and external fields and the evolution characteristics of the overlying strata and structure in the inclined and lower-slice working faces, respectively, were determined.

High order Interaction and Wavelet Convolution Network for visible infrared person reidentification.

Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) remains a challenging task due to significant cross-modal discrepancies and poor image quality. While existing methods predominantly employ deep and complex neural networks to extract shared cross-modal features, these approaches inevitably discard critical primitive features during high-level feature abstraction. To address this limitation, we propose the High-order Interaction and Wavelet Convolution Network (HIW-Net) that systematically integrates primitive features at multiple feature interaction stages, thereby compensating for information loss in High-order representations.

Disaster treatment and multisource monitoring of rockbursts in isolated island coal face under hard roof conditions.

Rockbursts are common dynamic phenomena in coal mining and have become a prominent topic in the mining industry. This study examines the isolated island coal face in an extra-thick, fully mechanized top-coal caving operation in deep burial conditions, using it as a representative case. A comprehensive pressure relief strategy was employed at the coal face, incorporating directional roof blasting and loose roof blasting techniques.

Analyzing the impact of challenge-hindrance stressors on unsafe behaviors of new-generation construction workers in China.

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the new generation of construction workers is more susceptible to work stress, which can lead to unsafe behaviors. While stress significantly influences unsafe behaviors, the interplay of various stress sources within the organizational system is equally critical.ObjectiveTo clarify the mechanisms and impact pathways of challenge-hindrance stressors in relation to the unsafe behaviors of the new generation of construction workers.

Spatiotemporal variability in drivers of grassland degradation and recovery under economic transformation in Mongolia.

Over the past few decades, grasslands in countries traditionally reliant on livestock industry have faced dual pressures from climate change and economic transformation driven by international market demands. However, understanding on the spatiotemporal variability of grassland change drivers remains insufficient, hindering the formulation of effective strategies for mitigating grassland degradation. This study conducted a comparative analysis on grassland degradation and recovery in Mongolia over two time periods (2000-2010 and 2000-2020) by integrating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Net Primary Productivity (NPP).

Spatiotemporal variation and drivers of ecosystem service value: A case study in Ziwuling area, Loess plateau.

The environmental conditions have been significantly improved through the implementation of ecological protection and restoration policies in the Loess Plateau, understanding the variations of ecosystem service value (ESV) is critical for formulating regional environmental strategies. The spatiotemporal variation and drivers of ESV in the Ziwuling area (ZWL) were analyzed using the total economic value method combined with geodetector at different spatial scales, and the spatial scale effects of ESV were further explored. The results showed that the total ESV increased by 176.

The impact of stator module gaps on the performance of canned permanent magnet synchronous motors with segmented stators.

The segmented stator structure is applied to the canned permanent magnet synchronous motor (CPMSM) can improve the performance of the motor. However, the specific and detailed effects of varying stator module gaps on CPMSM performance, particularly efficiency and torque, require further investigation. In this paper, an iterative calculation method for the electromagnetic performance of the motor is proposed.

Optimization of mixed strain co-cultures and regulatory mechanisms for combustible gas metabolism in goaf environments.

Coal mine goafs are prone to the accumulation of combustible gases such as methane (CH) and carbon monoxide (CO), posing significant risks of thermodynamic disasters. The present study developed a co-culture system comprising CH-oxidizing bacteria Methylophilus S2 and Methylobacter T7, alongside CO-oxidizing bacteria Comamonas M13, to mitigate these hazards. Optical density at 600 nm (OD) and gas metabolism rates served as performance indicators, and the concentrations of principal components (HPO, NO, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Cu) in the co-culture medium were optimized.

Study on fissure development law of surrounding rock in horizontal section stope of steeply dipping coal seam group.

Utilizing research methods such as physical simulation experiments with similar materials, numerical calculations, and theoretical analysis, the law governing the development of fissures in the horizontal section stope of steeply dipping coal seam groups has been systematically studied. The findings indicate that when interlayer fissures are undeveloped and not penetrated, the extent and quantity of surrounding rock fissures in the alternate mining of each section are influenced by the degree of section advancement and the subsequent mining. The overlying rock fissures ultimately form a stepped distribution pattern, with a higher tendency above and a lower tendency below.

Study on Air Leakage Law and Coal Spontaneous Combustion Danger Area in Goaf of Ultra-Long Fully Mechanized Mining Faces with Large Mining Height.

The mined-out areas of high-seam, ultra-long fully mechanized coal mining faces exhibit a high degree of fracture development and complex airflow fields. Additionally, the slow advancement speed of the working face can easily lead to oxidation and spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the mined-out areas, posing a threat to mine safety production. In this paper, the influence of different mining heights and different working face lengths on the failure of overlying strata in goaf is analyzed by means of numerical simulation and field observation.

Research on UAV aerial imagery detection algorithm for Mining-Induced surface cracks based on improved YOLOv10.

UAV-based aerial imagery plays a vital role in detecting surface cracks in mining-induced areas for geological disaster early warning and safe production. However, detection is challenged by small crack size, complex morphology, large scale variation, and uneven spatial distribution, further exacerbated by UAVs' limited onboard computational capacity. To tackle these issues, we introduce an efficient and lightweight small-target detection model, namely YOLO-LSN, which is built upon the optimized YOLO architecture.

Synthesis of metal coordination polymers based amino trimethylene phosphonic acid and zinc phytate to improve the flame retardancy of polylactic acid.

To enhance the flame retardancy of polylactic acid (PLA), a new flame retardant (MAZn) was synthesized by controlling the ratio of zinc phytate (ZnPA) and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP). The properties of modified PLA were tested by various experiments. Results showed that C5 (ATMP: ZnPA =10: 5) achieved the best flame retardancy.