Low-Energy Femtosecond Laser Lens Fragmentation Techniques for Cataract.

Femtosecond laser has become an important tool in cataract surgery due to its precision and minimally invasive nature. However, the strong scattering properties of the lens limit surgical efficiency, especially when it comes to effectively cutting highly opaque and hard cataracts with femtosecond laser. This study proposes a method for achieving optical transparency in opaque lenses through tartrazine treatment.

A neuronal imaging dataset for deep learning in the reconstruction of single-neuron axons.

Neuron reconstruction is a critical step in quantifying neuronal structures from imaging data. Advances in molecular labeling techniques and optical imaging technologies have spurred extensive research into the patterns of long-range neuronal projections. However, mapping these projections incurs significant costs, as large-scale reconstruction of individual axonal arbors remains time-consuming.

Neuroprotective liver portal area macrophages attenuate hepatic inflammation.

Tissue macrophages have an important role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis, and their functions are closely related to spatial localization. Here, through integration of whole liver lobe imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CX3CR1 cells in the mouse liver, we identified a dense network of CX3CR1CD63 liver portal area macrophages (LPAMs) that exhibited transcriptional and spatial differences compared with CX3CR1CD207 liver capsular macrophages. The survival of LPAMs was dependent on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R).

Evaluating the performance of large language & visual-language models in cervical cytology screening.

Large language models (LLMs) and large visual-language models (LVLMs) have exhibited near-human levels of knowledge, image comprehension, and reasoning abilities, and their performance has undergone evaluation in some healthcare domains. However, a systematic evaluation of their capabilities in cervical cytology screening has yet to be conducted. Here, we constructed CCBench, a benchmark dataset dedicated to the evaluation of LLMs and LVLMs in cervical cytology screening, and developed a GPT-based semi-automatic evaluation pipeline to assess the performance of six LLMs (GPT-4, Bard, Claude-2.

Photon-counting Raman spectroscopy at a MHz spectral rate for biochemical imaging of an entire organism.

Raman spectroscopy, which probes fine molecular vibrations, is crucial for interpreting covalent bonds, chemical compositions, and other molecular dynamics in mixtures via their vibrational fingerprint signatures. However, over the past few decades, longstanding barriers have been encountered in both the sensitivity and speed of Raman spectroscopy, limiting its ability to be extended to broader biochemical applications. Here, we introduce a versatile analytical workhorse, the fiber-array Raman engine (termed FIRE).

Piezoresistive Effect: A New Concept for Hearing Aids.

Hearing loss is among the most prevalent sensory impairments globally. Hearing aids assist individuals with hearing impairments in perceiving sound more effectively, serving as essential tools for reconnecting them with the world. Herein, an MXene/Polyvinyl Alcohol sound sensor (MPSS) capable of recognizing weak sound signals is developed.

Long-offset paired nicking-based efficient and precise strategy for in vivo targeted insertion.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based targeted insertion of DNA fragments holds great promise for gene therapy. However, designing highly efficient and precise integration of large DNA segments in somatic cells while avoiding unpredictable products remains challenging. Here, we devised a novel long-offset paired nicking target integration (LOTI) strategy, which enhances the capacity of Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) in targeted gene integration in somatic cells, yielding higher knock-in (KI) efficiency compared with classical nickase-based approaches.

The crosstalk of monocyte-neutrophil in hair follicles regulates neutrophil transepidermal migration in contact dermatitis.

The excessive accumulation of neutrophils within the epidermis is a significant hallmark of cutaneous diseases; however, the mechanisms governing neutrophil transepidermal migration (NTEM) remain inadequately understood. In this study, we develop trichromatic-fluorescence-labeled chimeric mice by utilizing Cx3cr1Lyz2 mice as bone marrow donors and Krt14 mice as recipients. This approach enables us to visualize the process of NTEM and the crosstalk between neutrophils and monocytes in a murine model of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).

Identification of testicular cancer with T2-weighted MRI-based radiomics and automatic machine learning.

Background: Distinguishing between benign and malignant testicular lesions on clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for guiding treatment planning. However, conventional MRI-based radiomics to identify testicular cancer requires expert machine learning knowledge. This study aims to investigate the potential of utilizing automatic machine learning (AutoML) based on MRI to diagnose testicular lesions without the need for expert algorithm optimization.

Novel efficient reservoir computing methodologies for regular and irregular time series classification.

Time series is a data structure prevalent in a wide range of fields such as healthcare, finance and meteorology. It goes without saying that analyzing time series data holds the key to gaining insight into our day-to-day observations. Among the vast spectrum of time series analysis, time series classification offers the unique opportunity to classify the sequences into their respective categories for the sake of automated detection.

Microfluidics-based automatic immunofluorescence staining for single-molecule localization microscopy.

Full automation of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is crucial for large-scale and high-throughput cellular imaging. It is well-known that SMLM typically consists of three major steps: immunofluorescence (IF) staining, optical imaging, and image processing. Currently, automation in optical imaging and image processing is almost complete; however, the automation of IF staining has been slow to advance, probably due to its complicated experimental operations.

Development of Self-Adjuvants in mRNA Vaccine and Its Application in Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Adjuvants augment the immunogenicity of vaccines when co-administered with messenger RNA (mRNA) antigens. In recent years, nanotechnology and nanoscience have seen significant growth, resulting in the discovery of synthetic small molecule compounds, natural extracts, and nanomaterials with self-adjuvant properties for nano delivery. The materials exhibit robust immune activity and efficiently activate various innate immune signaling pathways.

Depicting Primate-Like Granular Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the Chinese Tree Shrew.

It remains unknown whether the Chinese tree shrew, regarded as the closest sister of primate, has evolved a dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) comparable with primates that is characterized by a fourth layer (L4) enriched with granular cells and reciprocal connections with the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Here, we reported that following AAV-hSyn-EGFP expression in the MD neurons, the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography revealed their projection trajectories and targeted brain areas, such as the hippocampus, the corpus striatum, and the dlPFC. Cre-dependent transsynaptic viral tracing identified the MD projection terminals that targeted the L4 of the dlPFC, in which the presence of granular cells was confirmed via cytoarchitectural studies by using the Nissl, Golgi, and vGlut2 stainings.

Novel Vibrational Proteins.

Genetically encoded green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its brighter and redder variants have tremendously revolutionized modern molecular biology and life science by enabling direct visualization of gene regulated protein functions on microscopic and nanoscopic scales. However, the current fluorescent proteins (FPs) only emit a few colors with an emission width of about 30-50 nm. Here, we engineer novel vibrational proteins (VPs) that undergo much finer vibrational transitions and emit rather narrow vibrational spectra (0.

Imaging specific proteins in living cells with small unnatural amino acid attached Raman reporters.

Fluorescence labeling fluorescent proteins (FPs) or immunofluorescence has been routinely applied for microscopic imaging of specific proteins. However, due to these over-weight and oversized labels ( GFP, 238 aa, 27 kDa, ∼4 nm in size), the potential physiological malfunctions of the target proteins are largely underestimated in living cells. Herein, for living cells, we report a small and minimally-invasive Raman reporter (about 2 aa and <1 kDa), which can be site-specifically introduced into proteins by genetic codon expansion.

Architecture-driven quantitative nanoscopy maps cytoskeleton remodeling.

Cytoskeleton remodeling which generates force and orchestrates signaling and trafficking to govern cell migration remains poorly understood, partly due to a lack of an investigation tool with high system flexibility, spatiotemporal resolution, and computational sensitivity. Herein, we developed a multimodal superresolution imaging system-based architecture-driven quantitative (ADQ) framework in spatiotemporal-angular hyperspace to enable both identification of the optimal imaging mode with well-balanced fidelity and phototoxicity and accurate postcharacterization of microtubule remodeling. In the ADQ framework, a pixel/voxel-wise metric reflecting heterogeneous intertubule alignment was proposed with improved sensitivity over previous efforts and further incorporated with temporal features to map dynamic microtubule rearrangements.

Molecular Ordering Manipulation in Fused Oligomeric Mixed Conductors for High-Performance n-Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Advanced n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) play an important part in bioelectronics, facilitating the booming of complementary circuits-based biosensors. This necessitates the utilization of both n-type and p-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) exhibiting a balanced performance. However, the observed subpar electron charge transport ability in most n-type OMIECs presents a significant challenge to the overall functionality of the circuits.

Development of mKate3/HaloTag7 (JFX650) and CFP/YFP Dual-Fluorescence (or Förster) Resonance Energy Transfer Pairs for Visualizing Dual-Molecular Activity.

Although several imaging strategies for dual fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors have been reported, their implementation is challenging because of the limited performance of fluorescent proteins and the spectral overlap of FRET biosensors. These processes often require additional data calibration to eliminate artifacts. Many CFP/YFP FRET biosensors have been developed.

Recent Advances in Antimony Selenide Photodetectors.

Photodetectors (PDs) rapidly capture optical signals and convert them into electrical signals, making them indispensable in a variety of applications including imaging, optical communication, remote sensing, and biological detection. Recently, antimony selenide (SbSe) has achieved remarkable progress due to its earth-abundant, low toxicity, low price, suitable bandgap width, high absorption coefficient, and unique structural characteristics. SbSe has been extensively studied in solar cells, but there's a lack of timely updates in the field of PDs.

Repairing the in situ hybridization missing data in the hippocampus region by using a 3D residual U-Net model.

The hippocampus is a critical brain region. Transcriptome data provides valuable insights into the structure and function of the hippocampus at the gene level. However, transcriptome data is often incomplete.

A Clinical Bacterial Dataset for Deep Learning in Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation.

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation (M-ROSE) is based on smear staining and microscopic observation, providing critical references for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infectious disease. Automatic identification of pathogens is the key to improving the quality and speed of M-ROSE. Recent advancements in deep learning have yielded numerous identification algorithms and datasets.

Multi-scale window transformer for cervical cytopathology image recognition.

Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, particularly in developing countries where access to healthcare is limited. Early detection of pre-cancerous lesions is crucial for successful treatment and reducing mortality rates. However, traditional screening and diagnostic processes require cytopathology doctors to manually interpret a huge number of cells, which is time-consuming, costly, and prone to human experiences.

UFObow: A single-wavelength excitable Brainbow for simultaneous multicolor ex-vivo and in-vivo imaging of mammalian cells.

Brainbow is a genetic cell-labeling technique that allows random colorization of multiple cells and real-time visualization of cell fate within a tissue, providing valuable insights into understanding complex biological processes. However, fluorescent proteins (FPs) in Brainbow have distinct excitation spectra with peak difference greater than 35 nm, which requires sequential imaging under multiple excitations and thus leads to long acquisition times. In addition, they are not easily used together with other fluorophores due to severe spectral bleed-through.

Intravital imaging of splenic classical monocytes modifying the hepatic CX3CR1 cells motility to exacerbate liver fibrosis via spleen-liver axis.

Unlabelled: CX3CR1 cells play a crucial role in liver fibrosis progression. However, changes in the migratory behavior and spatial distribution of spleen-derived and hepatic CX3CR1 cells in the fibrotic liver as well as their influence on the liver fibrosis remain unclear.

Methods: The CX3CR1 transgenic mice and CX3CR1-KikGR transgenic mice were used to establish the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model.