Navigating the lunar frontier: one hundred landing sites at the south pole for future mission challenges.

Despite humanity's many lunar missions to the equatorial and mid-latitude regions, the south pole remains uncharted because of its exceptionally harsh conditions. The quest for water ice and the drive to establish lunar bases have positioned the south pole area above 80° latitude, characterized by permanently shaded regions and conducive to water ice preservation. However, the daunting terrain and intricate illumination in this area present significant challenges to engineering safety.

Exosomal LncRNA MALAT1 Derived from Hepatocytes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Regulates the miR-579-3p/Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway to Exacerbate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background And Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep breathing disorder, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may affect OSAS. This study aimed to explore the influence of exosomes (Exos) derived from liver cells in NAFLD on the progression of OSAS and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to establish an OSAS animal model, and SH-SY5Y cells treated with CIH were used as the in vitro cellular model.

Identification of progression-related genes and construction of prognostic model for chronic kidney disease by machine learning.

Background: Early diagnosis and intervention for chronic kidney disease (CKD) can significantly improve patient's quality of life and prognosis. Besides routine laboratory indicators and medical history, risk prediction models can predict CKD outcome. However, there is currently a lack of CKD prognostic prediction models based on transcriptomics and machine learning.

Rare widespread dissemination of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), a precancerous condition, can progress to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), the most prevalent histological subtype of cervical cancer. Although CSCC most commonly metastasizes via lymphatic or hematogenous routes, contiguous superficial spread to the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and ovaries is rare.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old postmenopausal woman was referred to our hospital for further evaluation after a positive HPV-16 test and normal ThinPrep Cytologic Test (TCT) results during a routine health examination at an external institution two weeks earlier.

Divergent Synthesis of Polycyclic N‑Heterocycles via Controllable Cyclization of Divinylallenes Catalyzed by Copper and Gold.

The generation of metal carbenes from readily available allenes represents a remarkable advance in metal carbene chemistry. However, most of these transformations are mainly restricted to the noble-metal catalysts (Au and Pt). Here, a copper-catalyzed desymmetric cyclization reaction of divinylallenes is described, enabling the practical and atom-economical synthesis of a diverse array of valuable triazolo-fused pyridazines and tetracyclic N-heterocycles by a presumable copper carbene intermediate and a highly selective 1,2-N shift process.

Predicting the Net Energy Partition Patterns of Growing Pigs Based on Different Nutrients.

This study aimed to determine the net energy (NE) values of common energy-supplying nutrients, including starch, protein, and fat, to investigate their influence on energetic efficiency and NE partition patterns in growing pigs, and to develop prediction equations for the protein deposition (PD) and lipid deposition (LD) based on nutrient characteristics of ingredients. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 36 growing barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, initial body weight = 28.

Gut microbiota-mediated modulation of host amino acid availability and metabolism.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating host amino acid availability and metabolism through complex interactions with the host metabolic processes. This review summarizes three main mechanisms through which the microbiota influences host amino acid homeostasis. Firstly, gut microbiota actively competes for luminal amino acids derived from the diet and concurrently contributes to the host's amino acid pool through biosynthesis.

Precise characterization of diffraction grating groove patterns.

Non-equidistant and non-parallel grooves of a diffraction grating distort the diffracted wavefront. For a fixed wavelength, a grating with an arbitrary groove pattern is equivalent to a grating with perfect grooves having an effective surface profile different from the geometric one. It is shown that the previously proposed method for measuring non-equidistance can be used for simultaneous measurement of non-parallelism, and the measurement error is determined without any a priori information and fitting parameters.

Method for evaluating the stray-light suppression performance of an internally occulted reflecting coronagraph in the Lyman alpha band.

The Lyman alpha (Lyman- or ) radiation emitted by hydrogen is the strongest ultraviolet spectral line on the corona, which can provide important coronal information that is difficult to obtain at other wavelengths and of great significance to comprehensively study the origin of the corona. In order to observe the corona and provide space weather warning in time, the stray-light suppression performance with a field-of-view (FOV) of 2.5 ( stands for the mean solar radius) for coronagraphs should be suppressed to 10 ( is the mean brightness of the solar disk).

AI-assisted cervical cytology precancerous screening for high-risk population in resource-limited regions using a compact microscope.

Insufficient coverage of cervical cytology screening in resource-limited areas remains a major bottleneck for women's health, as traditional centralized methods require significant investment and many qualified pathologists. Using consumer-grade electronic hardware and aspherical lenses, we design an ultra-low-cost and compact microscope. Given the microscope's low resolution, which hinders accurate identification of lesion cells in cervical samples, we train a coarse instance classifier to screen and extract feature sequences of the top 200 instances containing potential lesions from a slide.

Expression of concern: The effect of metal ions on endogenous melanin nanoparticles used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.

Expression of Concern for 'The effect of metal ions on endogenous melanin nanoparticles used as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents' by Anqi Chen , , 2020, , 379-390, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9BM01580A.

RING Finger Protein 4 (RNF4) Reduces Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Accumulation by Promoting the SUMOylation of HIF-2α and Regulating the PPARα Signaling Pathway.

RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) acts as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, principally regulating protein stability and playing a crucial role in liver injury, inflammatory, and cholestatic diseases. In spite of this, it is unclear how it contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The rat model of NAFLD was constructed by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD), and HepG2 cells were treated with 1 mmol/L oleic acid (OA) for 24 h.

SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 interacts with TEAD to suppress Hippo-YAP signaling.

The Hippo pathway controls organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration primarily by modulating YAP/TEAD-mediated gene expression. Although emerging studies report Hippo-YAP dysfunction after viral infection, it is largely unknown in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we analyzed RNA sequencing data from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung samples, and observed a decrease in YAP target gene expression.

A high-precision 1 × 15 infrared temperature measurement linear array based on thermopile sensors.

In applications such as those in the semiconductor industry, precise temperature measurements with low power consumption are crucial. This article presents a novel noncontact temperature measurement method with low power consumption and high precision, and a thermopile sensor-based linear array for surface temperature measurements is used in semiconductor manufacturing and temperature calibration applications. The array consists of 15 thermopile sensors, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, an FPGA control board with a fiber optic interface, and a motion module.

Comparison of Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (BE-TLIF) and Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion (OLIF) for Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the use of biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (BE-TLIF) and oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in the management of degenerative lumbar disease.

Methods: Consecutive patients between August 2018 and April 2022 were included. Primary outcomes included patient reported outcomes defined by the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale score for low back and leg pain.

Research of unsaturated strength characteristics for root-soil composite under different water content conditions.

Plant roots are important in ecological slope protection and reinforcement, significantly affecting soil's water-holding characteristics and shear strength. The typical herb Festuca Arundinacea root-loess composite in the Loess Plateau was taken as the research object in this paper. The matrix suction test, unsaturated shear strength test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test were used to systematically study the root-soil composite's suction state and strength characteristics under different water content conditions and reveal its internal physical mechanism.

Imaging features of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumors of the young: a case series.

This study reports three cases of pediatric patients with polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor (PLNTY), confirmed by surgical pathology at our medical center, and presents their clinical and imaging features. PLNTY is a newly defined subtype in the 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (5th edition), categorized under pediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma, WHO grade 1. The patients included one male and two females, aged 6, 9, and 9 years, respectively.

A microsphere loaded with chondrocyte-targeting exosomes continuously deliver miR-148a for osteoarthritis therapy.

Due to the complex pathogenesis and limited treatment options, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains extremely challenging. Umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility and superior transbiofilm properties, showing great research value in OA treatment. Healthy chondrocytic extracellular matrix anabolism is essential for cartilage homeostasis.

Corrigendum to 'A pH-sensitive peptide amphiphilic-based drug delivery system inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation' [Mater Today Bio 32 (2025) 101821].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.

New Two-Dimensional Carbon Sheet for Photocatalytic Water Splitting with High Carrier Mobility and Excellent Mechanical Properties.

Combining first-principles calculations with particle swarm optimization algorithms, we have successfully predicted an innovative two-dimensional carbon structure─the 2D 2 structure. This structure not only passed rigorous tests for kinetic and thermal stability but also demonstrated remarkable stability in air. This structure is originally a semiconductor with a quasi-direct band gap of 2.

Multi-channel optical gas imaging: quantitative detection of gas column concentration and temperature.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) is widely used for detecting gas leaks but is limited by qualitative testing methods, lacking accurate quantitative data such as gas column concentration and temperature. For this, a multi-channel OGI (MOGI) method employing two absorption spectral channels and one non-absorption reference channel is proposed. An absorption model is developed, enabling gas transmission equation derivation, and a residual networks-based multi-task regression model is trained on simulated data.

Modulation of the electronic structure of nickel selenide iron doping for energy-saving hydrogen production coupled with sulfion upgradation.

Hybrid water electrolysis is a promising approach for energy-saving hydrogen (H) generation by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the thermodynamically advantageous sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR). Herein, we designed iron-modified nickel selenide nanosheet arrays (Fe-NiSe) and used them as an electrocatalyst in bifunctional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and SOR to simultaneously facilitate H production and sulfion conversion into a valuable sulfur product. Fe-NiSe requires a low overpotential of 114 mV for the HER and a working potential of 0.

A pH-sensitive peptide amphiphilic-based drug delivery system inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation.

Chemotherapy is crucial for treating intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, anthracycline agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) are often expelled from tumor cells by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which decreases the intracellular drug levels and leads to treatment failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are critical in liver fibrosis and HCC progression and facilitate liver cancer development.

Scaled CO Electroreduction to Alcohols.

Electrocatalysis offers a promising route to convert CO into alcohols, which is most efficient in a two-step cascade reaction with CO-to-CO followed by CO-to-alcohol. However, current alcohol-producing CO/CO electrolyzers suffer from low selectivity or alcohol crossover, resulting in alcohol concentrations of less than 1%, which are further diluted in downstream cold-traps. As a result, electrocatalytic alcohol production has yet to be scaled beyond the lab (1-10 cm).