Cognitive Compensation Depends on Frontoparietal Network Structure-Function Coupling in Patients With White Matter Hyperintensity.

Background And Purpose: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) impairs cognitive function but is not evident in the early stage, raising the need to explore the underlying mechanism. We aimed to investigate the potential role of network structure-function coupling (SC-FC coupling) in cognitive performance of WMH patients.

Methods: A total of 617 participants with WMH (mean age = 61 [SD = 8]; 287 females [46.

Enhanced Curie temperature of ferromagnetic CrSBr by interfacial coupling with elemental two-dimensional ferroelectrics: triggering a new p-d super-exchange coupling path.

Owing to their distinctive thickness and physical attributes, two-dimensional (2D) materials have exhibited considerable promise in the field of microelectronic devices. Notably, 2D magnetic materials that maintain long-range magnetic order and can be readily modulated by external fields have garnered substantial attention. However, CrSBr, despite being a 2D van der Waals (vdW) semiconducting magnet with an appropriate band gap and stability in air, faces significant hindrance for practical utilization due to its Curie temperature () of 146 K.

Knowledge and Perceptions of Hepatitis B in Immigrant Populations: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Research.

An estimated 254 million people live with hepatitis B worldwide, with only 13% of people diagnosed and 3% receiving antiviral treatment. Without timely treatment, people with hepatitis B risk developing liver damage and liver cancer. In countries like Australia, where most people with hepatitis B are born in countries with higher prevalence, it is important that the knowledge and perceptions of hepatitis B in immigrant populations are explored to improve engagement in care.

Impacts on Gene Expression Profiles Associated with the Most Widely Used Pesticides in Central Brazil.

While agriculture is essential for food security, the intensive use of pesticides in modern farming practices raises concerns on their impact, in particular from a One Health perspective. In 2024, Brazil approved 663 new pesticides, a 19% increase in comparison with 2023. The occupational exposure of rural workers is known to be associated with a range of health outcomes, including cancer.

Relevance of nonessential amino acids in low crude protein diets for broiler chickens - an updated review.

Reducing crude protein in amino acid-adequate diets for broiler chickens is effective in reducing nitrogenous emissions and competition for resources between the food and feed sectors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the relevance of nonessential amino acids in low-protein diets for broiler chickens. Glycine and serine, due to their interconvertibility summarized as glycine equivalents ( ), limit growth when dietary crude protein is reduced below 19% in up to 3-week-old birds.

Identity and Psychosis Risk in Sexual Minority Youth: Temporal Dynamics of Identity and Suspiciousness Through Experience Sampling Methodology.

Background And Hypotheses: Sexual minority youth are at increased risk for psychotic experiences, potentially due to identity-related difficulties. We hypothesized that sexual minority youth would report greater identity difficulties, and that these difficulties would be associated with heightened suspiciousness in daily life. Finally, we examined whether these associations differ between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.

Restoring Synaptic Balance in Schizophrenia: Insights From a Thalamo-Cortical Conductance-Based Model.

Background And Hypothesis: The dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that atypical neural communication underlies the disorder's diverse symptoms. Building on this framework, we propose that specific synaptic disturbances within thalamo-cortical circuits contribute to an imbalance in excitation and inhibition, leading to alteration in oscillations. Our study investigates these alterations and explores whether synaptic restoration can remediate neural activity of schizophrenia and align it with healthy patterns.

Phase-Controlled Multi-Element Oxide-Sulfide Heterostructure Toward High-Efficiency Electro-Fenton Oxidation.

Electron Fenton (EF) degradation often suffers from low in situ HO electrosynthesis and Fe regeneration. Herein, a novel multi-element oxide-sulfide heterostructure is reported, (FeVCoCuMn)O/(CuFeVCoMn)S, for efficient and stable EF degradation. The oxide-sulfide phase ratio is optimized through temperature control during the synthesis.

An Amino Acid-Based Self-Shrinking Supramolecular Bioactive Hydrogel - A Sustainable Platform for Wastewater Treatment and Water Purification.

This study investigates the unique syneresis (self-shrinking) behavior of N-Terminally Fmoc-protected amino acid, Fmoc-hPhe-OH (Fmoc-homo-L-phenylalanine, abbreviated in this work as hF)-based hydrogel, and its potential in environmental remediation applications. Fmoc-hPhe-OH (hF) forms a hydrogel in 50 mM phosphate buffer (PB) of pH 7.4.

Long-Lived Charge-Transfer State and Interfacial Lock in Double-Cable Conjugated Polymers Enable Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells.

The donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) critically govern exciton dissociation and molecular diffusion, determining both efficiency and stability. Herein, we design a double-cable conjugated polymer, SC-1F, to insert into a physically-blended D/A system to optimize the interface. We have found that SC-1F spontaneously segregates to the interface through favorable miscibility and heterogeneous nucleation with the acceptor.

Brain Microstructural Alteration and Its Implications for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Surgical Patients: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: Postoperative delirium (POD) remains poorly understood in terms of predictors and underlying mechanisms. This review summarized emerging evidence on the association between brain microstructural alterations and POD.

Method: This is a narrative review, describing the microstructural changes in aging brain, microstructural MRI findings, relationship among microstructural alterations, cognitive reserve and POD, and potential interventions targeting microstructure.

High Shear Conversion of Elemental Bismuth in Water Under Air to 2D Bismuth Oxycarbonate.

2D Bismuth oxycarbonate (2D BOC) nanosheets have a unique layered structure with many applications, including capture and reduction of carbon dioxide. Processing powdered elemental bismuth in water under ambient air conditions using a vortex fluidic device (VFD) results in the formation of 2D BOC without the need of surfactants or other excipients. The induced high shear mechanical energy in the form of micron/submicron topological typhoon like spinning top (ST) fluid flow drives the conversion, which we propose initially melts the metal particles which are spontaneously oxidised at the liquid-quartz tube interface to form 2D bismuth oxide (BiO).

Ni-Mediated High-Spin Iron(III) for Boosting Electrocatalytic NO to Oxime Conversion.

Oximes serve as indispensable intermediates in synthetic chemistry, owing to their distinctive C═N─OH structure, conferring highly versatile reactivity. Synthesis of oxime via the electrochemical method has potential advantages, accompanied by the upgrading of industrialization. Herein, we propose a novel strategy by introducing nickel (Ni) mediation to obtain high-spin iron (Fe)(III) in phthalocyanine structure for synthesizing glyoxylate oxime via electrocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) coupling with keto acid.

Multiple Demographic, Lifestyle, and Biological Factors Associated With Brain Iron Deposition in the Basal Ganglia: A Comprehensive Analysis of 25,980 UK Biobank Participants.

Background: The susceptibility values of the basal ganglia reflect the health status of these nuclei. We aimed to explore the associations between various demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and biological factors that have the potential to contribute to magnetic susceptibility and investigate the comprehensive impact of these multiple factors on basal ganglia susceptibility values.

Methods: We included 25,980 participants from the UK Biobank.

Sample size reduction in preclinical experiments: A Bayesian sequential decision-making framework.

When animals are used in a preclinical experiment, ethical concerns may arise regarding animal welfare. The 3Rs principles were developed to guide more humane animal research practices. This article specifically addresses the reduction aspect of the 3Rs.

TRPV1 Suppresses Microglial Inflammatory Activation to Ameliorate Schizophrenia-Associated Behaviors in Maternal Separation Rats.

Background And Hypothesis: Schizophrenia is linked to hippocampal dysfunction and microglial inflammatory activation. Our prior clinical findings revealed significantly reduced transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression in both first-episode and recurrent schizophrenia patients, with levels inversely correlating with symptom severity, implicating TRPV1 dysfunction in disease progression. Preclinical maternal separation (MS) models recapitulate schizophrenia-like behavioral and synaptic deficits, paralleled by hippocampal microglial TRPV1 downregulation.

One-Pot Sequential Coordination-Covalent Construction of Symmetry-Broken MNO Catalytic Sites in Cobalt-Polyimide Polymers for Nitrate Electroreduction.

The metal-nitrogen chelated species, MN, have shown promise as efficient electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction, yet the symmetric arrangement of N atoms results in suboptimal adsorption affinity toward reaction substrates and intermediates. The current approaches to breaking the symmetry of MN suffer from inaccuracy and inhomogeneity because of the lack of strategies stemming from molecular design aspects. Herein, we report the construction of symmetry-broken MNO sites in coordination polymers via sequential coordination-covalent control in a one-pot reaction.

Temperature-Driven Conformational Switching of Binaphthalene-Based Tetraimidazolium Macrocycles to Enhance Sequence-Selective Recognition of Dinucleotides in Water.

Developing artificial hosts with temperature-driven conformational switching behaviors facilitates our understanding of the temperature-dependent allostery and adaptation mechanisms in natural recognition systems. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of three pairs of water-soluble, enantiomeric binaphthalene-based tetraimidazolium macrocycles (SS/RR-1•4Cl- - SS/RR-3•4Cl-) as artificial hosts for exploring sequence-selective recognition of dinucleotides in aqueous media. Owing to the reversible rotational conformation of axially chiral binaphthyl units, SS-1•4Cl- demonstrates the conformational switching, converting from cis-conformation (SS-1) to trans-conformation (SS-1) by increasing temperature, thereby causing the recognition cavity to transition from a closed to an open state.

Democratizing Organ-On-Chip Technologies With a Modular, Reusable, and Perfusion-Ready Microphysiological System.

Organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies, also called microphysiological systems (MPS), offer dynamic microenvironments that improve upon static culture systems, yet widespread adoption has been hindered by fabrication complexity, reliance on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and limited modularity. Here, a modular MPS platform is presented, designed for ease of use, reproducibility, and broad applicability. The system comprises layered elastomeric inserts for dual monolayer cell culture, which is clamped within a reusable acrylic cassette for perfusion studies.

A Novel Nanozyme-based Coordination Compound for Synergistic Periprosthetic Joint Infection Treatment and Bone Repair.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a serious complication following joint arthroplasty, and it often results in implant failure, prolonged morbidity, and additional healthcare burdens. Current clinical strategies for PJI treatment face obstacles, including antibiotic resistance, high recurrence rate, and compromised bone repair. To address these challenges, a novel nanozyme-based coordination compound designated as W-GA-Van@Zn is developed.

Emerging Perspectives on Gonadotropin Regulation in Vertebrates Revealed by the Discovery of FSH-RH in Teleosts.

Vertebrate gonadal function is regulated by pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). These hormones are considered to be regulated by hypothalamic factor(s). Since the discovery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in mammals, which stimulates the secretion of both FSH and LH, GnRH had been believed to be the sole gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vertebrates for more than 5 decades.

Validity of MRI and Ultrasound Volume Measurements of Foot Muscles and Plantar Fascia Cross-Sectional Area Within Older Adults With and Without Chronic Plantar Fasciitis.

Introduction: Intrinsic foot muscles and the plantar fascia are crucial for foot health, which diminishes with age and conditions such as chronic plantar fasciitis (PF). Ultrasound (US) is an accessible and cost-effective method for evaluating these structures. This study aims to assess the repeatability, reliability, and validity of plantar fascia thickness and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle measurements using US compared with MRI in individuals with and without PF.

An annotated chromosome-level genome for the red-fronted brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons) sheds light on brown lemur evolution.

The red-fronted brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons) is an important species to the function of Madagascar's ecosystems, contributing to critical ecological processes such as seed dispersal. Given its ecological, as well as cultural, importance, genomic resources for E. rufifrons are valuable for understanding evolutionary history and informing conservation strategies.

A Transformable Nanoplatform Precisely Positions Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via FAP-α for Improved Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation, damage, and disability. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), abundant in RA synovium, crucially facilitate disease progression. These activated FLSs drive RA pathogenesis by upregulating adhesion molecules, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II).