A Novel Combination of Exogenous Klotho Combined With Telmisartan Ameliorated Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via an Antifibrotic Mechanism.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive heart disorder associated with diabetes mellitus, leading to structural and functional cardiac abnormalities. The mechanisms responsible include renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic disturbances. Despite well-established epidemiological links, treatments for DCM are elusive.

Diverse chemotypes of polyketides as promising antimicrobial agents: latest progress.

Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, significantly impact human health by causing infections that can lead to serious health issues, including mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobials, including antibacterials, anti-virals, anti-fungals, and anti-parasitics, effectively prevent and treat infections in humans and animals. However, pathogens have developed resistance to these antimicrobials, enabling them to survive and persist even in the presence of antibiotics.

Molecular insights into the role of ferroptosis in cardiorenal cross-talk: Mechanisms and future directions.

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a bidirectional relationship shared between the heart and kidneys, both in physiological and pathophysiological perspectives. The metabolic, hemodynamic, and neurohormonal alterations between the heart and kidneys drive this dual-organ damage and are responsible for one of the highest medical concerns around the globe. From a pathophysiological perspective, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and reactive fibrosis are accountable for the damage to the heart and kidneys.

Conserved interfaces mediate multiple protein-protein interactions in a prokaryotic metabolon.

Enzymes in a pathway often form metabolons through weak protein-protein interactions (PPI) that localize and protect labile metabolites. Due to their transient nature, the structural architecture of these enzyme assemblies has largely remained elusive, limiting our abilities to re-engineer novel metabolic pathways. Here, we delineate a complete PPI map of 1225 interactions in the E.

Transport properties in a two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in Quantum Hall Regime.

We investigate the transport properties of a two-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (2D SSH) model in the quantum Hall regime using non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF). The device Hamiltonian, where the 2D SSH model serves as the channel, is constructed using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model. The effect of an external perpendicular magnetic field is incorporated into the contacts via Peierls substitution.

Amyloid formation of mutated Alzheimer's Aβ 16-36 residues peptide and application in toxic lead and uranium ion binding.

Amyloid nanostructures are gaining attention as bio-compatible materials with diverse potential applications. The formation/self-assembly of amyloid fibrils, though implicated in the prognosis of several neurodegenerative diseases, contrastingly can also be explored for their functional properties owing to their unique stability and strength. The physicochemical environment and amino-acid composition are characteristic and specifically crucial for a protein/peptide to form amyloid fibrils.

Organic Fluorophores for Studying Lipid Membrane Structures and Dynamics.

Biomembranes act as boundaries between cells and their outside environment and between intracellular compartments, playing integral roles in cellular signaling and communications. A vast body of research has shown that biomembranes are dynamic and heterogeneous, and that they largely vary in lipid compositions and their organizations, governing a plethora of membrane-associated biological processes. Fluorescent tools, including fluorescent contrast agents (fluorophores) and fluorescence imaging modalities, have been demonstrated to be powerful in studying lipid membrane structures and dynamics.

Greener alternatives for synthesis of isoquinoline and its derivatives: a comparative review of eco-compatible synthetic routes.

Isoquinoline derivatives, a prominent class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, serve a pivotal role in medicinal chemistry due to their broad spectrum of bioactivities. While traditional synthetic routes for these scaffolds are well-established, conventional methods often rely on transition-metal catalysts, harsh conditions, expensive reagents, and toxic solvents, raising environmental and economic concerns. In response to the pressing demand for sustainable practices, this review underscores the integration of green chemistry principles into modern synthetic design, offering environmentally acceptable methods for accessing isoquinoline frameworks.

Diabetic kidney disease: exploring mechanistic depths and the future of pharmacological intervention.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally and poses a major and escalating public health concern in the context of the diabetes epidemic. Despite current therapeutic interventions, a substantial residual risk of disease progression persists, emphasizing the necessity for improved treatment strategies. A comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying DKD is crucial for developing novel therapies aimed at slowing disease progression and reducing associated complications.

Magneto-hydrodynamic behavior of magnetic nanofluids in mini-channel heat sinks for electronics cooling.

The rapid advancement of high-density electronic devices and data centres has heightened the demand for effective thermal management solutions capable of handling elevated heat fluxes within compact domains. Conventional cooling techniques often fail to meet these requirements efficiently. This study presents a numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in a mini-channel heat sink through the combined use of passive vortex generators (ribs) and externally applied magnetic fields.

Metal oxides for the oxygen evolution reaction: tailoring electronic properties through structural modifications.

The production and storage of green hydrogen can be effectively achieved through water splitting driven by renewable electricity. Of the two half-reactions involved in electrochemical water splitting, the oxygen evolution reaction is kinetically sluggish and typically serves as the rate-limiting step, thereby constraining the overall efficiency of the process. Consequently, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts capable of promoting the oxygen evolution reaction at low overpotentials and high current densities remains a formidable scientific pursuit.

Computational insights into silver oxide nanoparticles on flow and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux through a Koo and Kleinstreuer model: A heat transfer application.

The special features of silver-capped iron nanoparticles, like their excellent ability to conduct heat, adjustable magnetism, and resistance to rust, make them highly sought after for industrial heat transfer uses. The medical and industrial fields are rapidly adopting a new technology that shows promise in areas such as electronics cooling, biomedical heating, solar thermal, and nanofluids. The flow of silver-capped iron nanoparticles through a Forchheimer medium with the CC effect is the subject of this work because of these applications.

Dynamics of active paths during two-phase flow through the capillary fiber bundle model.

We investigate the dynamics of active paths during a two-phase flow of immiscible fluids under an external pressure drop ΔP. We demonstrate that this dynamics of new path opening plays a crucial role in understanding the nonlinear rheology for the one-dimensional capillary fiber bundle model in the limit where the capillary forces are comparable with the viscous forces. The contribution of gradual path-opening dynamics is controlled by tuning maximum value of the capillary thresholds (P_{M}) around which one observes the following situation: flow through existing paths plus new path opening for ΔP View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Perfect Superconducting Diode Effect in Altermagnets.

We investigate intrinsic superconducting diode effect in the unconventional superconducting state of d-wave altermagnets. We find large diode efficiencies in the wide-reaching finite-momentum pairing regimes of the phase diagram. Remarkably, even perfect diode efficiency of 100% can be obtained in the presence of an external magnetic field.

Entropy-driven denaturation enables sustainable protein regeneration through rapid gel-solid transition.

The upcycling of protein materials has long been hindered by the difficulty in restructuring them to usable forms. In contrast to proteins extracted using conventional organic denaturants, keratin treated with concentrated inorganic lithium bromide (LiBr) solution undergoes spontaneous aggregation into a stable gel with rapid phase-transition capability. We hypothesize that this distinct behaviour arises from an alternative denaturation mechanism that does not rely on direct interactions between proteins and concentrated ions.

The multifaceted role of lncRNA MEG3 in kidney disease: A focus on mechanisms, therapeutic and diagnostic potential.

Kidney disease represents a global health challenge, affecting millions of people and contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs are potentially emerging as regulators in cellular processes and are involved in pathophysiological alterations in kidney disease. Among these, MEG3 has gained attention for its diverse regulatory roles in fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammation.

In silico and in vitro investigations reveal pan-PPAR agonist activity and anti-NAFLD efficacy of polydatin by modulating hepatic lipid-energy metabolism.

Polydatin (PD), a stilbenoid resveratrol-derivative in Vitaceae, Liliaceae, and Leguminosae, exhibits pharmacological protection in metabolic disorders. This study investigated Polydatin, as a potential pan-PPAR agonist for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). High-throughput-virtual-screening (HTVS) was performed to identify potential pan-PPAR agonists, followed by in vitro testing of Polydatin in HepG2 steatosis model.

ESIPT-active fluorescent probes for ratiometric analysis of carbonate ions in aqueous media: structural modifications for enhanced selectivity and response.

This study focuses on the design and synthesis of two ESIPT-active fluorescent probes that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group. The isomer with the hydroxyl group at the position in compound 1 exhibited a large population of the keto tautomer in equilibrium, forming more compact nanoaggregates in aqueous media. In contrast, the enol form was predominant in compound 2, which has the hydroxyl group at the terminal position, leading to significantly larger aggregate sizes compared to the first probe.

Structure-based design, synthesis, computational screening and biological evaluation of novel pyrrole fused pyrimidine derivatives targeting InhA enzyme.

In this study, a series of 12 novel pyrrolyl chalcones and 22 pyrrole-fused pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized with good yields. Structural characterization was performed using FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques. The antitubercular potential of these compounds was evaluated using the microplate alamar blue assay (MABA).

HVUNet: A hybrid vision transformer-based UNet for accurate detection and localization in histopathology images.

Precise identification of object of interest (OoI) in histopathology images plays a vital role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Despite advances in digital pathology, detecting specific cellular structures within these images remains a significant challenge due to the inherent complexity and variability in cell morphology. Cellular structures exhibit similar visual characteristics, such as colors, shapes, and textures, making them difficult to distinguish from one another.

Hemoglobin β-F41K: A recombinant oxygen carrier prototype engineered for enhanced heme retention, stability, and optimal oxygenation properties.

Recombinant hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (rHBOCs) have several potential advantages as blood substitutes in transfusion medicine, especially in emergency situations. However, the wide use of rHBOCs in humans has been limited by challenges including hypertension due to nitric oxide scavenging, autoregulatory responses, and rapid heme dissociation. Among these, heme dissociation remains a critical unresolved issue, as it leads to toxicity and compromises oxygen delivery efficiency.

Current trends and emerging opportunities for 2D materials in flexible and wearable sensors.

The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has dramatically transformed the landscape of modern electronics, particularly in the realm of wearable, flexible, and next-generation devices. This feature article summarises our achievements and the potential of 2D materials in developing wearable device prototypes, highlighting key material properties, device architectures, and fabrication strategies for innovative applications in healthcare monitoring, multimodal sensing, neuromorphic sensing, human-machine interfaces, and environmental sensing. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between material characteristics and sensor performance, including sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility.

Pharmaco-informatics screening of biomolecules targeting FOXO6 for chronic kidney disease therapy.

Objective: Ginger, scientifically known as , is a plant root that has a variety of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of nausea, inflammation, digestive problems, and management of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a life-threatening condition that, if untreated, leads to organ damage and is acknowledged as a global health concern. The present study aims at predicting bioactive compounds from that were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), with the potential against a selected target of CKD, and was investigated using a pharmaco-informatics approach.

Whole-body inhalation study of nanoparticle-enhanced vegetable oil metalworking fluids in mice for assessing occupational health risks.

The increasing demand for sustainable machining necessitates the development and toxicological evaluation of environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional metalworking fluids (MWFs). This study investigated the respiratory and systemic effects of a nanoparticle-enhanced vegetable oil-based MWF (NPVO-MWF) using a whole-body inhalation exposure model in male C57BL/6 mice. Both sub-acute (4-week) and sub-chronic (13-week) exposures were performed, followed by detailed bioanalytical and histopathological assessments.

An indolizine-derived chemodosimeter with enhanced emission in a micellar environment for ppb-level detection of mercury ions.

Mercury is a harmful heavy metal that gravely threatens the environment and organisms. In the current study, 2-(1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)-1,3-diphenylindolizine (DPIC-OS) and 2-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-1,3-diphenylindolizine (DPIC-SS) probes are designed by protecting a 1,3-diphenylindolizine-2-carbaldehyde (DPIC-CHO) with mercury-recognizable 1,3-dithiolane and 1,3-oxathiolane moieties and utilized for the selective detection of Hg ions in a micellar medium. Hydrophobic probes DPIC-OS and DPIC-SS exhibit intense fluorescence in the confined environment of a micellar solution.