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The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials has dramatically transformed the landscape of modern electronics, particularly in the realm of wearable, flexible, and next-generation devices. This feature article summarises our achievements and the potential of 2D materials in developing wearable device prototypes, highlighting key material properties, device architectures, and fabrication strategies for innovative applications in healthcare monitoring, multimodal sensing, neuromorphic sensing, human-machine interfaces, and environmental sensing. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between material characteristics and sensor performance, including sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. Additionally, challenges such as scalability, integration with flexible substrates, and long-term reliability are discussed, alongside potential solutions and future directions. This article presents an in-depth review of the recent progress in the emerging 2D materials with potential to facilitate future breakthroughs in flexible and wearable sensing technologies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d5cc02955d | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Many soft, tough materials have emerged in recent years, paving the way for advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and flexible displays. However, understanding the interfacial fracture behavior of these materials remains a significant challenge, owing to the difficulty of quantifying the respective contributions from viscoelasticity and damage to energy dissipation ahead of cracks. This work aims to address this challenge by labeling a series of polymer networks with fluorogenic mechanophores, subjecting them to T-peel tests at various rates and temperatures, and quantifying their force-induced damage using a confocal microscope.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomicro Lett
September 2025
Nanomaterials & System Lab, Major of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
Wearable sensors integrated with deep learning techniques have the potential to revolutionize seamless human-machine interfaces for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and robotic applications. Nevertheless, it remains a critical challenge to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical and electrical performance along with biocompatibility, adhesion, self-healing, and environmental robustness with excellent sensing metrics. Herein, we report a multifunctional, anti-freezing, self-adhesive, and self-healable organogel pressure sensor composed of cobalt nanoparticle encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoN CNT) embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol-gelatin (PVA/GLE) matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
Recently, flexible airflow sensors have attracted significant attention due to their impressive characteristics and capabilities for airflow sensing. However, the development of high-performance flexible airflow sensors capable of sensing airflow over large areas remains a challenge. In this work, it is proposed that a hair-like flexible airflow sensor, based on laser direct writing and electrostatic flocking, offers an efficient technology for airflow sensing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
September 2025
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
Conductive hydrogels have significant application prospects in the field of flexible wearable sensors. However, there are still challenges to stably apply conductive hydrogels in extreme environments and various aqueous conditions. To enable the application of conductive hydrogels across a wide temperature range and in multiple environments, it is necessary to consider comprehensive properties such as anti-swelling ability, flexibility, self-adhesiveness, stable linear sensing, and certain durability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
DUT School of Software Technology & DUT-RU International School of Information Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116620, China.
Achieving both high sensitivity and a wide detection range in flexible pressure sensors poses a challenge due to their inherent trade-off. Although porous structures offer promising solutions, conventional methods (templating, foaming, and freeze-drying) fail to precisely control cavity dimensions, spatial arrangement, and 3D morphology, which are crucial for sensing performance. Here, we propose a scalable fabrication strategy that integrates triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) geometries─precisely engineered via FDM 3D printing─with ultrasonic impregnation of carbon black (CB) into TPU scaffolds.
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