Quantifying Exercise Intensity to Predict Changes in Walking Capacity in People with Chronic Stroke.

Objective: To examine if exercise intensity, quantified as heart rate or training speed, predicts walking outcomes in people with chronic stroke.

Design: This is a secondary analysis from a larger randomized clinical trial ("PROWALKS"; NIH1R01HD086362).

Setting: Four, outpatient rehabilitation clinics.

Increasing ground contact time reduces Achilles tendon forces during rearfoot strike running outdoors.

Objectives: Strategies to reduce Achilles tendon forces during running may be beneficial for injury prevention. Increasing ground contact time could reduce Achilles tendon forces during running but may also elicit changes in cadence that could offset these reductions. The purpose of this study was to determine if changing ground contact time altered Achilles tendon forces during running, with both a fixed and a free cadence.

Food Insecurity-Related Stigma Among Adults in the United States: A Scoping Review.

ObjectiveTo characterize individual- and structural-level stigma associated with government (ie, SNAP, WIC) and emergency food program (ie, food banks, pantries, cupboards, soup kitchens) utilization in the US.Data Source5 databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched in June 2024.Study Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaIncluded peer-reviewed articles (January 2004 - June 2024), in the US, in English, original research or systematic reviews, and report on data closely related to general food insecurity, government and emergency food program participation, and stigma manifestations among adults.

Semi-supervised graph learning for underwater source localization using ship-of-opportunity spectrograms.

Conventional techniques for underwater source localization have traditionally relied on optimization methods, matched-field processing, beamforming, and, more recently, deep learning. However, these methods often fall short to fully exploit the data correlation crucial for accurate source localization. This correlation can be effectively captured using graphs, which consider the spatial relationship among data points through edges.

Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems.

Theory predicts that high population density leads to more strongly connected spatial and social networks, but how local density drives individuals' positions within their networks is unclear. This gap reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes. Here we show that density drives greater network connectedness at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations.

Larval development and parasitism of emerald ash borer in Chionanthus virginicus (Oleaceae): Implications for biological control.

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) across North America. In 2014, emerald ash borer was discovered attacking white fringetrees (Chionanthus virginicus L.

Racialized bias in pediatric pain: the role of observers' attentional processing and estimations of children's pain.

Background: Research demonstrates racism in pediatric pain care. However, the mechanisms underlying these injustices are not well understood. This study examined White observers' attentional processing of facial expressions of pain demonstrated by White .

Influence of Resistant Starch-Added Meat Analogs on the Resistome of Fecal Fermentations Using Human Gut Microbiota.

Meat analogs are emerging as a sustainable alternative to meat products, and novel meat analog products could potentially offer additional health benefits. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to global human health. Dietary choices affect the composition of bacteria in the human gut microbiome and can influence the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs).

Sociodemographic and health vulnerabilities associated with disaster exposure: insights from ECHO cohort.

Disasters disproportionately impact women, particularly those of childbearing age, by exacerbating existing health disparities and disrupting access to essential healthcare services. This cross-sectional study examines the sociodemographic and health vulnerabilities associated with disaster exposure among women using harmonized data from U.S.

Enacted Stigma from Family and Drug Use during Opioid Use Disorder Treatment.

Enacted stigma (i.e., experiences of discrimination from others) is associated with engagement in drug use among people with a wide range of stigmatized statuses.

Observational Arthritis Foundation Internet Study: Physical Activity, Pain, and Physical Function- Study Protocol.

Background: Rheumatic diseases affect approximately 54 million adults in the United States and are a leading cause of pain and disability. Although physical activity is recommended to reduce pain and improve function, rheumatic diseases encompass over 100 conditions with different clinical presentations and medical management, possibly contributing to differences in exercise response. Few studies have included diverse samples across rheumatic diseases making direct comparisons in clinical presentation and activity level difficult.

Oyster farming acts as a marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) hotspot for climate change mitigation.

Bivalve farming, a vital component of global aquaculture, has been proposed as a potential marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategy, yet its role remains contentious. Using field mesocosms, we demonstrate that oyster filter-feeding enhances mCDR by accelerating the formation of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the water column and promoting organic carbon deposition in sediments. This process shifts the water column toward a more autotrophic and alkaline state, effectively sequestering CO from the atmosphere.

Structural basis for HIV-1 capsid adaption to a deficiency in IP6 packaging.

Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) promotes HIV-1 assembly by stabilizing the immature Gag lattice and becomes enriched within virions, where it is required for mature capsid assembly. Previously, we identified Gag mutants that package little IP6 yet assemble particles, though they are non-infectious due to defective capsid formation. Here, we report a compensatory mutation, G225R, in the C-terminus of capsid protein (CA) that restores capsid assembly and infectivity in these IP6-deficient mutants.

Using in vivo MRI to reveal circuits that are sensitive to traumatic stress in male and female rats.

Background: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is debilitating and more prevalent in women than men. While this suggests there are sex differences in the way neural systems respond to traumatic stress, identifying these systems are challenging. As such, studies designed to identify neural systems that are differentially sensitive to traumatic stress are needed.

Enhanced Superficial Zone Chondrocyte Expansion and Redifferentiation by Culture on Chondrocyte-Derived Decellularized Matrices.

BackgroundCell-based therapies to regenerate native-like cartilage are limited by the inability to re-express zone-specific molecules. While monolayer-expanded (passaged) chondrocytes are a clinically approved cell source, the resulting tissues have reduced Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) expression. This may be due to poor attachment, slow proliferation, and dedifferentiation of superficial zone chondrocytes (SZC) on polystyrene.

High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Hospitalization in Older Adults.

Background: High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine has been shown to provide protection against influenza that is superior to that with the standard dose. However, data from individually randomized trials on the effectiveness of the high-dose vaccine against severe outcomes are limited.

Methods: In this pragmatic, open-label, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Denmark during the 2022-2023, 2023-2024, and 2024-2025 influenza seasons, we assigned older adults (≥65 years of age) to receive the high dose of the inactivated influenza vaccine or the standard dose.

High-Dose Influenza Vaccine to Reduce Hospitalizations.

Background: Superior protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza has been proved for high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine, as compared with the standard dose, among adults 65 years of age or older. However, data on the relative effectiveness of the high-dose vaccine against severe clinical outcomes, including hospitalizations, are limited.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, registry-based, open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial to evaluate the relative effectiveness of high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine, as compared with the standard dose, against severe clinical outcomes among community-dwelling adults 65 to 79 years of age.

Battling the Conundrum of Bleeding and Clotting: Initiation of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Traumatic Brain Injury after Neurosurgical Intervention.

Background: There are no consensus guidelines demonstrating early venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP) is safe in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent neurosurgical interventions. We hypothesized that early initiation of VTEP in TBI patients would decrease the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and intracranial hemorrhage expansion (ICHE).

Study Design: A retrospective single center study of adult TBI patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention from 2012-2023 at a level 1 trauma center.

Visual Scanning and Falls in Older Adults: The Mexico Health and Aging Study.

Background: For selected patients at increased fall risk, physical therapy may include instruction to look around and observe the environment to identify obstacles, known as visual scanning or tracking, and avoid them. Whether visual scanning reduces fall risk more broadly in the general population is unknown.

Methods: Using data from the Mexico Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a longitudinal, nationally representative study of adults 50 years of age and older in Mexico (n = 13,850), we measured the association between visual scanning test performance and three fall-related outcomes: any fall in the previous 2 years, recurrent falls, and falls with injury.

Impact of heat stress on the post-hatch growth, morphometrics, and allometry of the chicken ().

1. Heat stress negatively affects animal growth. This study examined the impact of heat stress on a modern broiler (Ross 708) chicken compared to a heritage meat-type chicken line (UIUC).

Cross-domain latent profiles of MCI and dementia are most differentiated by social and emotional functioning.

Objective: Because of the complexity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) clinical presentations across bio-psycho-social domains of functioning, data-reduction approaches, such as latent profile analysis (LPA), can be useful for studying profiles rather than individual symptoms. Previous LPA research has resulted in more precise characterization and understanding of patients, better clarity regarding the probability and rate of disease progression, and an empirical approach to identifying those who might benefit most from early intervention. Whereas previous LPA research has revealed useful cognitive, neuropsychiatric, or functional subtypes of patients with AD, no study has identified patient profiles that span the domains of health and functioning and that also include motor and sensory functioning.

Chlorpyrifos selectively alters fluvial dissolved organic carbon composition and ecosystem dynamics.

Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphate pesticide with known aquatic toxicity to freshwater macroinvertebrates. However, less is known about the impact of its presence on stream ecosystem dynamics at environmentally relevant concentrations. This study, through the use of artificial streams, investigated the impact of both chlorpyrifos and dissolved organic matter (DOM) content at (5 μg L and 5 mg C L respectively) on both stream ecology and DOM composition.

High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the DANFLU-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV) has demonstrated superior protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza infection vs standard-dose IIV (SD-IIV); however, data regarding its effectiveness against cardiovascular (CV) outcomes are mainly from observational studies or specific high-risk groups.

Objective: To investigate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD-IIV vs SD-IIV against CV outcomes in the general older adult population in Denmark.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prespecified secondary analysis of DANFLU-2, a pragmatic, open-label, individually randomized clinical trial (RCT) using nationwide administrative health registries in Denmark during the 2022/2023 to 2024/2025 influenza seasons.

Age-driven changes in the layer hen reproductive microbiome are associated with lay performance.

Eggs are a globally important food source and integral to optimal poultry production. Understanding the microbial ecology of the hen reproductive tract is essential for improving both food safety and reproductive efficiency. While the oviduct has been shown to harbor a continuous microbial community, this study is the first to demonstrate the presence of microbiota on the hen ovary surface, suggesting that the ovary is an extension of the oviductal microbial continuum.

A thymol-based blend of botanicals reduces Salmonella induced inflammation by altering key inflammatory signaling intermediates differentially depending on dose and in a manner distinct from in-feed antibiotics.

Inducing inflammation in response to pathogen infection is known to be an energy-intensive process. An extended state of inflammation in production animals can be detrimental to performance parameters. Here, we compare two doses of a microencapsulated thymol-based feed additive blend and two different antibiotics in the context of a Salmonella Enterica subsp.