Association Between Early on-Treatment Weight Loss With Enfortumab Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab and Survival in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Combination therapy with enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (EV+P) is now the preferred first-line (1L) therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC), but prognostic indicators for patients on 1L EV+P have not yet been described.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving 1L EV+P for aUC. We analyzed deidentified electronic health record data from the Flatiron Health database to identify adults with aUC who initiated EV+P between April 3, 2023 and December 31, 2024.

Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a significant cause of infectious colitis in the United States. Susceptibility to CDI is associated with perturbation of the gut microbiota, the indigenous microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. Upon colonization, the production of toxins and the ability to produce spores for environmental dissemination contribute to C difficile pathogenicity.

Practice Pattern Variability in the Use of Pulmonary Arterial Catheters in Cardiac Surgery.

Objectives: To quantify intraoperative pulmonary arterial catheter (PAC) use during cardiac surgery and identify hospital-, anesthesiologist-, and patient-level factors associated with PAC utilization.

Design: A cross-sectional, observational study using generalized logistic mixed models to examine variations in PAC use.

Setting: Fifty-three US academic hospitals participating in the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) national registry PARTICIPANTS: 145,343 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2022.

Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potentials: Automated Localization and Classification of Early and Late Responses.

Background: Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), elicited via single-pulse electrical stimulation, are used to map brain networks. These responses comprise early (N1) and late (N2) components, which reflect direct and indirect cortical connectivity. Reliable identification of these components remains difficult due to substantial variability in amplitude, phase, and timing.

Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 to Domestic Dogs in COVID-19-Positive Households: A One Health Surveillance Study.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of infecting multiple species through human-to-animal spillover. Human to animal spillovers have been documented both in domestic and wild animal species. Due to close contact in shared households, pet dogs may be at increased risk for contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus from infected individuals in the same household.

Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of brain metastases locally recurrent following initial radiosurgery.

Purpose: We report outcomes of repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (rSRS) to sites of tumor progression following initial SRS. Additionally, we sought to determine if, at the time of recurrence following initial SRS, surgical resection of the tumor followed by SRS (surgery + rSRS) provided benefit compared to rSRS alone.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with rSRS for local recurrence after initial SRS.

The Experiences of Patients With Rare Diseases in Pennsylvania: A Community-Based Study.

Objective: Rare diseases collectively affect approximately 30 million people in the United States. Despite advances in genomic medicine, early diagnosis is challenging because of limited awareness of, accessibility to, and disparities in health care resources. We assessed the real-world experiences of patients with rare diseases in Pennsylvania and evaluated the effect of delayed diagnosis on psychosocial and financial burdens.

Association of preoperative nocturnal hypoxaemia nadir and fentanyl ventilatory sensitivity in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing general anaesthesia: multicentre clinical cohort study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been thought to increase the risk of respiratory depression from opioids. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative hypoxaemia by sleep study pulse oximetry imparts greater opioid sensitivity.

Methods: A multicentre observational cohort study with in-cohort dose randomisation was performed in children 2-8 yr of age with OSA undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

The Story of Electronic Fetal Monitoring - A Cautionary Tale for Radiologists.

Rationale And Objectives: To understand how an imperfect surrogate can lead to defensive medicine.

Materials And Methods: Historical analysis was performed on electronic fetal monitoring.

Results: Electronic Fetal Monitoring is an example of a flawed surrogate.

Increasing ground contact time reduces Achilles tendon forces during rearfoot strike running outdoors.

Objectives: Strategies to reduce Achilles tendon forces during running may be beneficial for injury prevention. Increasing ground contact time could reduce Achilles tendon forces during running but may also elicit changes in cadence that could offset these reductions. The purpose of this study was to determine if changing ground contact time altered Achilles tendon forces during running, with both a fixed and a free cadence.

Flow disruptions during delivery room intubation of neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Aim: Flow disruptions (FDs) are deviations in the progression of care that compromise safety and efficiency of a specific process. Neonatal intubation is a life-saving high-risk procedure required for delivery room (DR) management of neonates with moderate to severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study evaluated FDs during DR intubation of neonates with CDH and their association with process and outcome measures.

Inactivation of primate cortex reveals inductive biases in visual learning.

Humans and other primates are capable of learning to recognize new visual stimuli throughout their lifetimes. Most theoretical models assume that such learning occurs through the adjustment of the large number of synaptic weights connecting the visual cortex to downstream decision-making areas. While this approach to learning can optimize performance on behavioral tasks, it can also be costly in terms of time and energy.

A comparative study of patient and provider priorities for cesarean delivery anesthesia care.

Introduction: Patient priorities for anesthesia during a cesarean delivery are not well defined. Previous studies have explored patient preferences for cesarean delivery anesthesia but have not evaluated patient-centered endpoints unrelated to the physical experience which are known to be important to patients' birth experiences, such as being treated with respect, communication, and emotional support. The purpose of this study was to compare patients' and providers' priorities for cesarean delivery anesthesia care.

Bipolar radiofrequency ablation for refractory scar-related interatrial septal tachycardias: a multicenter study.

Background: Catheter ablation of scar-related interatrial septal atrial tachycardias (IAS-ATs) is challenging and can be refractory to conventional unipolar radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).

Aim: This multicenter study investigated the safety and efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency catheter ablation (Bi-RFCA) in patients with IAS-AT refractory to conventional unipolar RFCA.

Methods: Consecutive patients with scar-related IAS-AT refractory to conventional unipolar RFA across three electrophysiological centers were included in the study.

ENLITE PD: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Light Therapy for Impaired Sleep in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Light therapy (LT) in Parkinson's disease improves sleep. Specific LT parameters require further study, including optimal frequency.

Objectives: We aimed to determine if once- or twice-daily bright white light therapy (BWLT) improves sleep.

Impact of Population Pharmacogenomics on Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicities in Testicular Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic across numerous cancer types that can cause neurotoxicities in patients, including peripheral sensory neuropathy, tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate, for the first time, how genetic ancestry impacts cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities and if disparities are related to population differences in allele frequency.

Methods: In a cohort of cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors, relationships between genetic ancestry and neurotoxicities, medications, and lifestyle factors were assessed using logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment).

Cardiovascular Death and Access to Health Care Among Individuals Incarcerated in US State Prisons From 2001 to 2019.

Background: Incarcerated individuals have a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors. However, there is a paucity of data focusing on cardiovascular death and access to adequate health care among incarcerated individuals.

Methods: We used the Mortality in Correctional Institutions database from the US Bureau of Justice Statistics to examine cardiovascular deaths in all state prisons from 2001 to 2019, health care provision, as well as differences in these measures between racial and ethnic groups.