Complex technology requires cultural innovations for distributing cognition.

Over the last decade, new research has shown how human collectives can develop technologies that no single individual could discover on their own. However, this research often overlooks how technology can become so complex that individuals cannot operate it on their own. At this level of technological complexity, distributing cognition is a necessary process for reducing cognitive load on individuals.

A concise review on MDM2 inhibitors and recent progress in radiopharmaceutical development for imaging MDM2 expression in tumors with PET or SPECT.

Murine double minute 2 (MDM2, also known as human double minute 2 or HDM2) is a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and is overexpressed in many cancers. Over the past two decades, substantial progress has been made in developing inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction, thereby allowing the p53 protein to exert antitumor effects through cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. While there are currently no FDA-approved MDM2 inhibitors available, several small molecule MDM2 inhibitors and a stapled peptide inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction are in clinical development.

Developing aneurysm clipping capacity in Ghana through global neurosurgical collaboration: a case series from two global brainsurgery initiative mission trips.

Introduction: The management of cerebral aneurysms in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) faces significant barriers, including limited access to specialized neurosurgical care and equipment and dissipating human resources. Ghana's inaugural experience with cerebral aneurysm clipping, facilitated by the Global Brainsurgery Initiative (GBI), represent an attempt to address these challenges through international collaboration.

Methods: This case series details the outcomes of six patients who underwent cerebral aneurysm clipping procedures at two neurosurgical centers.

Immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC: neoadjuvant/perioperative followed by surgery over surgery followed by adjuvant. Systematic review and meta-analysis with subgroup analyses.

Background: Immunotherapy has rapidly changed the treatment of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in recent years. We aimed to summarize available evidence on the use of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant/perioperative and adjuvant settings for resectable NSCLC and explore some controversial subgroups.

Materials And Methods: Systematic literature research was carried out for randomized controlled trials of neoadjuvant/perioperative chemo-immunotherapy or adjuvant immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC.

DoxyPEP: Opportunities for Expansion.

Clinical trials show that doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (DoxyPEP) significantly reduces the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially syphilis and chlamydia, in cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women. Real-world data suggest DoxyPEP may be beneficial for other populations disproportionately affected by STIs. Given the ongoing STI epidemic we recommend discussing DoxyPEP with all eligible patients.

A Distinct Immunological Signature in Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Insights from an Exploratory Proteomics Study.

Objective: Approximately 80% of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptor, and clinical characteristics may vary between early-onset (symptom onset age <50 years) and late-onset MG (EOMG and LOMG), but the pathophysiological differences between EOMG and LOMG are not well established.

Methods: We performed an exploratory in-depth proteomics analysis examining 768 inflammatory proteins utilizing the baseline serum samples from the BeatMG study (NCT02110706). We performed pathway enrichment analysis to assess the pathways involved in LOMG.

Impact of Population Pharmacogenomics on Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicities in Testicular Cancer Survivors.

Background: Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic across numerous cancer types that can cause neurotoxicities in patients, including peripheral sensory neuropathy, tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate, for the first time, how genetic ancestry impacts cisplatin-induced neurotoxicities and if disparities are related to population differences in allele frequency.

Methods: In a cohort of cisplatin-treated testicular cancer survivors, relationships between genetic ancestry and neurotoxicities, medications, and lifestyle factors were assessed using logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple pairwise comparisons using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment).

Control of Port Site Bleeding With Liberal Use of Catheter Balloon Tamponade in Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery.

Objective: Port sites are a common source of perioperative bleeding in robotic cardiac surgery, which can be exacerbated by patient anatomy and anticoagulation. We present results from the liberal usage of a balloon-tipped coudé catheter for tamponade of robotic port sites during robotic mitral surgery.

Methods: All patients who underwent robotic mitral valve surgery at our institution from August 2016 to July 2022 were studied ( = 320).

Duration of Supervised Exercise Necessary for Meaningful Improvement in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background: Supervised treadmill exercise improves walking performance in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease, but benefits are not immediate. This study identified the time course of attaining meaningful improvement in 6-minute walk distance and patient-reported outcome measures during a 6-month supervised exercise intervention in people with peripheral artery disease.

Methods: Participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to supervised treadmill exercise 3 time weekly or a nonexercise control group for 6 months.

Outcomes of patients treated with venetoclax plus azacitidine versus azacitidine alone stratified by advanced age and acute myeloid leukemia composite model.

Venetoclax plus azacitidine is recognized as standard of care for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC). However, some patients may still not be treated with venetoclax combinations due to frailty concerns. We evaluated efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus azacitidine vs.

Type A cholesterol-dependent cytolysins translocate to the trans-Golgi network for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) constitute the largest group of pore-forming toxins and serve as critical virulence factors for diverse pathogenic bacteria. Several CDCs are known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, although the mechanisms are unclear. Here we discovered that multiple CDCs, which we referred to as type A CDCs, were internalized and translocated to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to remodel it into a platform for NLRP3 activation through a unique peeling membrane mechanism.

ERS/EULAR clinical practice guidelines for connective tissue diseases associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines to standardise screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up for CTD-ILD are of high importance for optimised patient care.

Methods: A European Respiratory Society and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology task force committee, composed of pulmonologists, rheumatologists, pathologists, radiologists, methodologists and patient representatives, developed recommendations based on PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions with grading of the evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) methodology and complementary narrative questions agreed on by both societies.

Neural evidence for modality-independent storage in working memory.

Working memory (WM) is a core component of intellectual ability. Traditional behavioral accounts have argued that there remain distinct memory systems based on the type and sensory modality of information being stored. However, more recent work has provided evidence for a class of neural activity that indexes the number of visual items stored in a content-independent fashion.

Race and neighborhood disadvantage in patients with stage I-III endometrioid endometrial carcinoma treated at a tertiary referral center.

Objective: To identify associations between race, neighborhood disadvantage, and outcomes in women with stage I-III endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) treated at a tertiary referral center.

Methods: This retrospective tumor registry study included patients with stage I-III EEC between 1/2006 and 12/2022. Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by race and neighborhood disadvantage, stratified by Area Deprivation Index (ADI; national quartile).

Changes in Cost of Guideline-Concordant Cancer Treatment: Observations and Implications.

Purpose: Cost of cancer care in the United States is substantial. Previous studies have explored pricing comparisons at the level of individual cancer drugs but not that of clinical indications. This study evaluates cost patterns for providing the best guideline-concordant therapy for solid tumor treatment indications.

American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement: Surveillance Strategies for Sinonasal Malignancy.

The goal of this American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement (EPS) is to summarize the best available evidence for surveillance strategies following definitive treatment of sinonasal malignancy. Topics discussed include components of surveillance, including endoscopy and imaging subtypes, frequency and length of surveillance, and highlights of some specific pathologies that warrant special consideration. This EPS was developed following the recommended methodology and approval process as previously outlined.

Collagenous gastritis: clinical features, histologic correlates and unanswered questions.

Collagenous gastritis (CG) is a rare gastrointestinal disorder characterized by subepithelial collagen deposition and lamina propria inflammation. Despite its first description over four decades ago, the pathogenesis remains unclear, with no standardized pathologic criteria/classification, treatment or established prognosis. A systematic PubMed search identified all English-language case reports, series and observational studies describing CG.

The Nephrologist's Perspective in Evaluation and Management of Localized Renal Masses: Core Curriculum 2025.

The evaluation and management of renal masses, predominantly of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtype, have been evolving over the past several years and demanding greater attention from nephrologists. Oncologic survival of localized tumors approaches 100%, where survival is more closely tied to underlying comorbidities including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early diagnosis and thus increasing prevalence related to incidental discovery of renal masses allows greater emphasis on nephron-sparing procedures and for residual kidney function preservation.