The temperate coral maintains acid-base homeostasis through heat stress.

Heat stress can disrupt acid-base homeostasis in reef-building corals and other tropical cnidarians, often leading to cellular acidosis that can undermine organismal function. Temperate cnidarians experience a high degree of seasonal temperature variability, leading us to hypothesize that temperate taxa have more thermally robust pH homeostasis than their tropical relatives. To test this, we investigated how elevated temperature affects intracellular pH and calcification in the temperate coral .

Antagonism by the Type VI secretion system of is controlled by a TetR family regulator and released small molecule.

Antagonistic systems of bacteria are often tightly regulated. The human gut Bacteroidales harbor three distinct antagonistic Type VI secretion systems (T6SS), one of which is present only in , known as the GA3 T6SS. Although this is the best studied of the three T6SSs, little is known about how it is regulated.

Item-based Parsing of Dynamic Scenes in a Combined Attentional Tracking and Working Memory Task.

Human visual processing is limited-we can only track a few moving objects at a time and store a few items in visual working memory (WM). A shared mechanism that may underlie these performance limits is how the visual system parses a scene into representational units. In the present study, we explored whether multiple-object tracking (MOT) and WM rely on a common item-based indexing mechanism.

Genetic variation in the FMO and GSTO gene clusters impacts arsenic metabolism in humans.

Background: In Bangladesh, > 50 million individuals are chronically exposed to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water, increasing risk for cancer and other iAs-related diseases. Previous studies show that individuals' ability to metabolize and eliminate iAs, and their risk of toxicity, is influenced by genetic variation in the AS3MT and FTCD gene regions.

Methods: To identify additional loci influencing arsenic metabolism, we used data from Bangladeshi individuals to conduct genome-wide association analyses of the relative abundances of arsenic species measured in both urine (n = 6,540) and blood (n = 976).

Green-eyed monster or green-eyed mirage? A new procedure for telling when begrudging others' success is or is not envy.

Begrudging others' success is a hallmark of envy. Understandably, this has made envy researchers keen to discover the variables that prompt people to begrudge successful others. However, not all negative reactions toward successful individuals stem from envy; for instance, one need not invoke the green-eyed monster to explain our desire to see immoral villains fail.

Apoptosis-targeting BH3 mimetics: transforming treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a challenging haematological malignancy, with most patients developing resistance to standard-of-care (SOC) treatments. This resistance is often attributed to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, which regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by inhibiting pro-apoptotic effector proteins such as BAX and BAK. AML cells exploit this imbalance to evade apoptosis and sustain survival, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Robotic single-port femoral artery dissection and anastomosis with the da Vinci system: a cadaveric feasibility study.

Vascular surgical site infections (SSI) are common and associated with graft infection, surgical reintervention, and increased lengths of stay. While antibiotic prophylaxis and negative pressure dressings have improved SSI rates, reported incidence remains as high as 30%. Robotic approaches have decreased surgical site infections in multiple surgical specialties, but remain without a vascular surgery indication.

The effects of companionship from strangers and companions on pain thresholds in immersive virtual reality: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Virtual reality has been used to treat pain for decades, but improvements in the cost and accessibility of consumer devices open up new opportunities for increasing its efficacy; for example, by adding a social element to virtual experiences. Previous research on the effects of social interaction on pain thresholds in induced pain tasks indicates that even social interaction with a stranger has the potential to increase the effectiveness of VR for pain. In addition, interacting with friends or family members through media can offer social support, and conducting these interactions in immersive virtual reality may have an additive effect.

Refracting Blame in the Fentanyl Era: The Narrative Battleground on Facebook and Instagram.

: More than 80,000 Americans died of drug overdoses between August 2022 and August 2023, a crisis most recently driven by synthetic opioids like fentanyl. To investigate how blame for the opioid crisis is constructed within the most engaging content on Facebook and Instagram by identifying the dominant thematic frames and patterns of blame attribution. Using CrowdTangle, we collected US opioid-related posts from July 2022 to June 2023 and analyzed the top 0.

One's Actions "Aging Poorly": An Integrative Egocentric Framework for Understanding Impression Management Errors and the Challenge of Temporal Impression Management.

Academic AbstractWhy do people struggle to make positive impressions? Indeed, there are now many documented impression management effects across the psychological literature, highlighting many ways in which actors make negative impressions on observers despite intending to make positive ones. In this article, we use the process model of egocentrism (i.e.

The Acceptance, Commitment and COgnitive RemeDiation (ACCORD) Study: Can a Brief Online Cognitive Intervention Improve Outcomes in Patients With Esophageal Disease?

Background: Cognitive and psychological inflexibility are two mental processes that influence how a person interprets and responds to esophageal symptoms. Patients with greater mental inflexibility are at risk for poorer outcomes. Brain-gut behavioral therapies (BGBT) are effective adjunctive treatments in many digestive diseases, with potential to improve mental flexibility.

The Homicide Offender Motive Scale (HOMS): A classification system for homicide motives based on a qualitative systematic review.

Many types of homicide motives have been described in the scientific literature. However, inconsistencies regarding how these motives are defined and classified may hinder the ability to understand the driving factors behind homicide. Developing a classification system that defines and organizes commonly used motives into superordinate categories may improve research focused on homicide.

Durvalumab Plus Platinum-Etoposide in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Outcomes in Age, Sex, and Platinum Subgroups From the Phase 3 CASPIAN Study.

Introduction: In the phase 3 CASPIAN study, first-line durvalumab plus etoposide combined with either carboplatin or cisplatin (EP) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus EP alone in treatment-naïve extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We report exploratory subgroup analyses from CASPIAN.

Methods: Patients with untreated ES-SCLC were randomized to durvalumab plus EP or EP alone.

COVID-19 prevention behaviors are congruent within social networks of disenfranchised Hispanic and criminal legal involved community members.

Unlabelled: The COVID-19 (COVID) pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on people who have low income and identify as Hispanic or Latinx (PLIH) as well as those with criminal Legal Involvement (CLI). These two groups, and their intersection, are often disenfranchised from livable wage employment, basic social services, and healthcare, which are vital to prevent the spread of COVID. We examined baseline data from the Community Network-Driven COVID Testing of Marginalized Population in the Central US (C3) which included 1036 participants: 32.

Analysis and management of thermal loads generated in vivo by miniaturized optoelectronic implantable devices.

Miniaturized implantable optoelectronic technologies for in vivo biomedical applications are gaining interest, but require strict thermal management for safe operation. Here, we introduce a comprehensive framework combining analytical solutions and numerical modeling to estimate and manage thermal effects of optoelectronic devices. We propose Green's functions to analytically solve temperature distributions in tissue from a point source with coupled thermal-optical power, capturing the influence of critical tissue properties and spatiotemporal parameters.

Perspectives on non-genetic optoelectronic modulation biointerfaces for advancing healthcare.

Advancements in optoelectronic biointerfaces have revolutionized healthcare by enabling targeted stimulation and monitoring of cells, tissues, and organs. Photostimulation, a key application, offers precise control over biological processes, surpassing traditional modulation methods with increased spatial resolution and reduced invasiveness. This perspective highlights three approaches in non-genetic optoelectronic photostimulation: nanostructured phototransducers for cellular stimulation, micropatterned photoelectrode arrays for tissue stimulation, and thin-film flexible photoelectrodes for multiscale stimulation.

Design-Based Causal Inference with Missing Outcomes: Missingness Mechanisms, Imputation-Assisted Randomization Tests, and Covariate Adjustment.

Design-based causal inference, also known as randomization-based or finite-population causal inference, is one of the most widely used causal inference frameworks, largely due to the merit that its validity can be guaranteed by study design (e.g., randomized experiments) and does not require assuming specific outcome-generating distributions or super-population models.

Implantable bioelectronic devices for photoelectrochemical and electrochemical modulation of cells and tissues.

Electroceuticals are bioelectronic devices that provide or modulate electrical or electrochemical signals to regulate physiological functions. In particular, devices designed for energy conversion are capable of transforming electrical energy into alternative forms of energy, such as heat or light, or vice versa, thereby enabling the photoelectrochemical and electrochemical modulation of biological systems, for example, to control muscle movement or cardiac rhythm. Such energy conversion approaches offer remote control and enhanced precision, surpassing the limitations of direct tissue and cell stimulation with traditional electroceutical devices, such as pacemakers, including mechanical mismatch at interfaces and wired communication.

High-resolution liquid metal-based stretchable electronics enabled by colloidal self-assembly and microtransfer printing.

Liquid metal-based stretchable electronics offer high electrical performance and seamless integration with deformable systems but face challenges in achieving scalable, high-resolution patterning. In this work, we present a method for micropatterning liquid metal particle (LMP) films with feature sizes as small as 5 micrometers by integrating electrostatically enabled colloidal self-assembly and microtransfer printing. The resulting cold-welded LMP micropatterns exhibit exceptional electromechanical properties, high conductivity (2.

Regulation of antiviral and antimicrobial innate immunity and immune evasion.

The interplay between host innate immunity and pathogen evasion is a dynamic battle shaping infection outcomes. The Topical Collection "Regulation of Antiviral and Antimicrobial Innate Immunity and Immune Evasion" synthesizes findings from thirteen recent studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of innate immune signaling and pathogen countermeasures. Host pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), drive type I interferon (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) responses, alongside processes like autophagy and inflammasome activation, to combat viral and bacterial infections.

Promotion of Health-Harming Products on Instagram: Characterizing Strategies Boosting Audience Engagement with Cigar Marketing Messages.

Social media promotion of harmful products (e.g., combustible tobacco) poses a public health threat.

Gut mucosal immune responses - Implications for celiac disease and food allergy.

The intestinal mucosa employs a diverse set of defense mechanisms-from mucosal barrier regulation to immunoregulatory pathways-to maintain homeostasis despite constant exposure to microbial and dietary antigens. Failure to establish immune tolerance to food antigens can lead to pathological conditions such as celiac disease (CeD) and food allergies. This review provides an overview of the sequential processes that support tolerance to food antigens and examines how gene-environment interactions contribute to the pathogenesis of CeD and food allergies.