ENLITE PD: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Light Therapy for Impaired Sleep in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Light therapy (LT) in Parkinson's disease improves sleep. Specific LT parameters require further study, including optimal frequency.

Objectives: We aimed to determine if once- or twice-daily bright white light therapy (BWLT) improves sleep.

Clinical Neurophysiological Study for the Diagnosis of Functional Cranial-Cervical Dystonia.

Objectives: The differential diagnosis of functional and other etiologies of dystonia can be difficult. We performed a clinical neurophysiological study in a female patient with cranial-cervical dystonia, providing strong evidence for the diagnosis of functional dystonia.

Methods: The patient had torticollis and intermittent facial pulling with downward deviation of the left angle of the mouth.

Associations of circulating apolipoprotein J and myostatin with sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for sarcopenia. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) and myostatin (MSTN) have been implicated in muscle glucose metabolism. We aimed to examine the association between serum ApoJ and MSTN levels and sarcopenia in older adults, with and without DM.

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with white matter hyperintensity and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study.

Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed to describe the hepatic steatosis associated with metabolic abnormalities. Substantial evidence has shown that hepatic steatosis may be linked with cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to clarify the association between MAFLD and brain structural and cognitive changes.

Association of long-term hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with brain atrophy and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the longitudinal changes in brain volume and cognitive function associated with diabetes at midlife, and to examine whether long-term hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance or secretory function is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline.

Materials And Methods: We used data from 2377 participants with both baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance images and neuropsychological measures from the Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Time-weighted mean glycaemic values were calculated using all measurements over an average duration of 10.

Role of supplementary motor area in cervical dystonia and sensory tricks.

Sensory trick is a characteristic feature of cervical dystonia (CD), where a light touch on the area adjacent to the dystonia temporarily improves symptoms. Clinical benefit from sensory tricks can be observed before tactile contact is made or even by imagination. The supplementary motor area (SMA) may dynamically interact with the sensorimotor network and other brain regions during sensory tricks in patients with CD.

Multimodal imaging of essential tremor and dystonic tremor.

Despite recent advances in tremor and dystonia classification, it remains difficult to discriminate essential tremor from dystonic tremor as they are similar in appearance and no biomarker exists. Further, tremor can appear in the same or a different body part than the dystonia. The aim of the current study was to better understand the differential pathophysiology of these tremors.

Night blood pressure variability, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

Background: Although blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a novel risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, few studies have examined the effects of night BPV on brain structure and function. This study investigated the association of night BPV with brain atrophy and cognitive function changes.

Methods: The analysis included 1,398 participants with valid ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring at baseline and both baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance images who were recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Is essential tremor a degenerative or an electrical disorder? Electrical disorder.

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders, yet we do not have a complete understanding of its pathophysiology. From a phenomenology standpoint, ET is an isolated tremor syndrome of bilateral upper limb action tremor with or without tremor in other body locations. ET is a pathological tremor that arises from excessive oscillation in the central motor network.

Sensory tricks modulate corticocortical and corticomuscular connectivity in cervical dystonia.

Objective: To examine interactions between cortical areas and between cortical areas and muscles during sensory tricks in cervical dystonia (CD).

Methods: Thirteen CD patients and thirteen age-matched healthy controls performed forewarned reaction time tasks, sensory tricks, and two tasks replicating aspects of the tricks (moving necks/arms). Control subjects mimicked sensory tricks.

Sarcopenia is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the parietal lobe: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Substantial evidence supports an association between physical activity and cognitive function. However, the role of muscle mass and function in brain structural changes is not well known. This study investigated whether sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass and strength, accelerates brain volume atrophy.

Sensory tricks in cervical dystonia correlate with enhanced brain activity during motor preparation.

Introduction: Although sensory tricks are well known as the maneuvers that temporarily relieve dystonic symptoms in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate brain potentials related to sensory tricks in patients with CD.

Methods: Thirteen patients with CD and 13 age-matched healthy volunteers participated.

In vivo assessment of neurodegeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and retinal degeneration. Increasing loss of visual function complicates the use of clinical scales to track the progression of motor symptoms, hampering our ability to develop accurate biomarkers of disease progression, and thus test the efficacy of potential treatments. We aimed to identify imaging measures of neurodegeneration, which may more accurately reflect SCA7 severity and progression.

Glutathione Peroxidase 3 as a Biomarker of Recurrence after Lung Cancer Surgery.

We aimed to examine the usefulness of serum glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) as a biomarker of lung cancer recurrence after complete resection. We prospectively collected serial serum samples at the baseline, as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery from complete resection cases in 2013. GPx3 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The Pathophysiology of Dystonic Tremors and Comparison With Essential Tremor.

There are two types of dystonic tremor syndromes (DTS), dystonic tremor (DT) and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD), and neither is understood. DTS likely share some mechanisms with nontremulous dystonia, and there may also be overlaps with essential tremor (ET). We studied 21 ET (8 females, 13 males) and 22 DTS human patients (10 females, 12 males), including 13 human patients with DT (writer's cramp with writing tremor) and 9 human patients with tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD; cervical dystonia with hand tremor).

Effect of light on blinking in patients with idiopathic isolated blepharospasm.

Objective: Melanopsin may be involved in the pathophysiology of photophobia in idiopathic isolated blepharospasm. We assessed the efficacy of blocking wavelengths of melanopsin absorption to reduce blinking in blepharospasm as a possible surrogate for photophobia.

Methods: Twenty-one participants (11 blepharospasm and 10 healthy controls) were studied.

Feasibility of liquid biopsy using plasma and platelets for detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using tumor tissue is the gold standard for detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, this method often is not repeatable due to difficulties in the acquisition of tumor tissues. Blood-based liquid biopsy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is expected to be useful to overcome this limitation.

Differential circulating and visceral fat microRNA expression of non-obese and obese subjects.

Background & Aims: Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity; however, little is known about the miRNAs commonly dysregulated in the blood and visceral fat tissue of obese patients. This study compared the circulating and visceral fat miRNA expression in subjects with and without obesity.

Methods: For the circulating miRNA study, 20 healthy control and 30 obese subjects were recruited.

Chronological Echocardiographic Changes in Healthy Term Neonates within Postnatal 72 Hours Using Doppler Studies.

Background: This study evaluated echocardiographic changes in full-term healthy neonates during early transitional period from postnatal 0-72 hours at 12-hour intervals by echocardiography.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, and longitudinal single-center cohort study. Morphometric, functional, systolic, diastolic, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters (patent ductus arteriosus [PDA], aorta, superior vena cava [SVC], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output [CO], cardiac index [CI], early diastolic flow velocity [E], late diastolic flow velocity [A], early filling in TDI [E'], peak systolic annular velocity in TDI [S'], late velocity peak in TDI [A'], and myocardial performance index [MPI]) were evaluated in left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) with 56 newborns.

Determination of Five Chemical Markers in DF Formula, the Herbal Composition of , , and , Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography-ultraviolet Detection.

Background: DF formula is a herbal preparation comprised three medicinal herbs, namely, , , and , which is being used for the treatment of obesity and liver fibrosis in Korean local clinics.

Objective: Since the abovementioned three herbs exist with different proportions in DF formula and their chemical markers have different physiochemical properties; it is quite challenging to develop an analytical methodology for the determination of these chemical markers.

Materials And Methods: For the analysis of the three herbs, five chemicals, (+)-pseudoephedrine (1) and (-)-ephedrine (2) for , aloe-emodin (3), and chrysophanol (4) for , and shikonin (5) for , were selected for method validation of DF formula, and the analytical conditions were optimized and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV).

The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with short leukocyte telomere length in nonobese individuals.

The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 polymorphism have been associated with the increased metabolic risk and mortality, irrespective of obesity. The mechanism underlying this association is not known. We aimed to evaluate whether the FTO rs9939609 risk variant is independently associated with metabolic risk factors and/or leukocyte telomere length (LTL).

Clinical Neurophysiological Evaluation for Simple Motor Tics.

Simple motor tics are sudden, nonrhythmic jerk like movements that are often preceded by premonitory urge and can be voluntarily suppressed. Some clinical characteristic of tics such as variability of movement, distractibility and fluctuating course can mimic functional movement disorders. Here we report a case of motor tics where the physiological approach in addition to careful clinical assessments is helpful to support the diagnosis of tic.