Robust Quantification of Affected Brain Volume from Computed Tomography Perfusion: A Hybrid Approach Combining Deep Learning and Singular Value Decomposition.

Volumetric estimation of affected brain volumes using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is crucial in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and relies on commercial software, which has limitations such as variations in results due to image quality. To predict affected brain volume accurately and robustly, we propose a hybrid approach that integrates singular value decomposition (SVD), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) techniques. We included 449 CTP images of patients with AIS with manually annotated vessel landmarks provided by expert radiologists, collected between 2021 and 2023.

Impact of Apolipoprotein E4 on the Locus Coeruleus Functional Connectivity in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Recent interest has surged in the locus coeruleus (LC) for its early involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD), notably concerning the apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele (APOE4).

Objective: This study aimed to discern LC functional connectivity (FC) variations in preclinical AD subjects, dissecting the roles of APOE4 carrier status and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition.

Methods: A cohort of 112 cognitively intact individuals, all Aβ-positive, split into 70 APOE4 noncarriers and 42 carriers, underwent functional MRI scans, neuropsychological assessments, and APOE genotyping.

Increased Likelihood of Dementia with Coexisting Atrophy of Multiple Regions of Interest.

Background: Brain volume is associated with cognitive decline in later life, and cortical brain atrophy exceeding the normal range is related to inferior cognitive and behavioral outcomes in later life.

Objective: To investigate the likelihood of cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, when regional atrophy is present in participants' magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Multi-center MRI data of 2,545 adults were utilized to measure regional volumes using NEUROPHET AQUA.

A regional brain volume-based age prediction model for neonates and the derived brain maturation index.

Objective: To develop a postmenstrual age (PMA) prediction model based on segmentation volume and to evaluate the brain maturation index using the proposed model.

Methods: Neonatal brain MRIs without clinical illness or structural abnormalities were collected from four datasets from the Developing Human Connectome Project, the Catholic University of Korea, Hammersmith Hospital (HS), and Dankook University Hospital (DU). T1- and T2-weighted images were used to train a brain segmentation model.

Sex-Related Disparities in the Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Locus Coeruelus and Salience Network in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.

Recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of locus coeruleus (LC) and salience network (SN) resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) changes in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, sex has been a crucial point of discussion in understanding AD pathology. We aimed to demonstrate the sex-related disparities in the functional connectivity (FC) of the SN and LC in preclinical AD.

Modulation of associations between education years and cortical volume in Alzheimer's disease vulnerable brain regions by Aβ deposition and ε4 carrier status in cognitively normal older adults.

Background: Education years, as a measure of cognitive reserve, have been shown to affect the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), both pathologically and clinically. However, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the association between years of education and intermediate structural changes in AD-vulnerable brain regions, particularly when AD risk factors were not considered during the preclinical phase.

Objective: This study aimed to examine how Aβ deposition and ε4 carrier status moderate the relationship between years of education and cortical volume in AD-vulnerable regions among cognitively normal older adults.

Cognitive Normal Older Adults with APOE-2 Allele Show a Distinctive Functional Connectivity Pattern in Response to Cerebral Aβ Deposition.

The ε2 allele of apolipoprotein E (ε2) has neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its impact on the functional connectivity and hub efficiency in cognitively normal older adults (CN) with ε2 is unclear. We investigated the functional connectivity differences in the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and central executive network (CEN) between A-PET-negative (N = 29) and A-PET-positive (N = 15) CNs with ε2/ε2 or ε2/ε3 genotypes.

Effect of physical activity on the change in carotid intima-media thickness: An 8-year prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: There is a demand for longitudinal studies that use both objective and subjective measures of physical activity to investigate the association of physical activity with the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In order to investigate such association, we conducted an 8-year follow-up study that used both objective and subjective measures of physical activity.

Methods: This cohort study used subsamples of the ongoing Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Earlier chronotype in midlife as a predictor of accelerated brain aging: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.

Study Objectives: Evidence suggests that sleep-wake cycle disruption could be an early manifestation of neurodegeneration and might even be a risk factor for developing diseases in healthy adults. We investigated the impact of circadian phase change on structural and functional brain deterioration in a late-adulthood population.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 1874 participants (mean age 58.

Fine-grained brain tissue segmentation for brain modeling of stroke patient.

Brain segmentation of stroke patients can facilitate brain modeling for electrical non-invasive brain stimulation, a therapy for stimulating brain function using an electric current. However, it remains challenging owing to its time-consuming, labor-dependent, and complicated pipeline. In addition, conventional tools that define lesions into one region rather than distinguishing between the stroke-affected regions and cerebrospinal fluid can lead to inaccurate treatment results.

Association of long-term hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with brain atrophy and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the longitudinal changes in brain volume and cognitive function associated with diabetes at midlife, and to examine whether long-term hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance or secretory function is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline.

Materials And Methods: We used data from 2377 participants with both baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance images and neuropsychological measures from the Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Time-weighted mean glycaemic values were calculated using all measurements over an average duration of 10.

The Effect of Hearing Loss on Cognitive Function in Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self-reported cognitive decline without objective cognitive impairment. The relationship between audiometric hearing loss (HL) and cognitive function has not been reported in SCD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether HL affects cognition-related indexes in SCD individuals.

Night blood pressure variability, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline.

Background: Although blood pressure variability (BPV) has emerged as a novel risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, few studies have examined the effects of night BPV on brain structure and function. This study investigated the association of night BPV with brain atrophy and cognitive function changes.

Methods: The analysis included 1,398 participants with valid ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring at baseline and both baseline and 4-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance images who were recruited from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Performance Over a 4-Year Period in Middle to Late Adulthood.

Importance: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment and brain structural alterations, but longitudinal outcomes are understudied.

Objective: To examine the associations of OSA with cognition and white matter (WM) integrity over a 4-year period.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a community-based adult population among participants who had both baseline (2011-2014) and 4-year follow-up (2015-2018) polysomnography, diffusion tensor imaging, and cognitive assessment data.

Development of Amyloid PET Analysis Pipeline Using Deep Learning-Based Brain MRI Segmentation-A Comparative Validation Study.

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan is clinically essential for the non-invasive assessment of the presence and spatial distribution of amyloid-beta deposition in subjects with cognitive impairment suspected to have been a result of Alzheimer's disease. Quantitative assessment can enhance the interpretation reliability of PET scan; however, its clinical application has been limited due to the complexity of preprocessing. This study introduces a novel deep-learning-based approach for SUVR quantification that simplifies the preprocessing step and significantly reduces the analysis time.

Severity of Daytime Sleepiness and Parkinsonian-Like Symptoms in Korean Adults Aged 50-64 Years.

Background And Purpose: While excessive daytime sleepiness can predate Parkinson's disease in late-life, its association with parkinsonian-like (P-L) symptoms in middle age are unknown. Since neurodegeneration can appear decades before a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, identifying clinical features associated with this early progression is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of daytime sleepiness with P-L symptoms in a population-based sample of middle-aged Korean adults.

Sarcopenia is associated with decreased gray matter volume in the parietal lobe: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Substantial evidence supports an association between physical activity and cognitive function. However, the role of muscle mass and function in brain structural changes is not well known. This study investigated whether sarcopenia, defined as low muscle mass and strength, accelerates brain volume atrophy.

Sleep Duration, Sleep Apnea, and Gray Matter Volume.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on brain structures in the presence versus absence of sleep apnea in middle-aged and older individuals. The study investigated a population-based sample of 2,560 individuals, aged 49-80 years. The presence of sleep apnea and self-reported sleep duration were examined in relation to gray matter volume (GMV) in total and lobar brain regions.

Sex differences in deterioration of sleep properties associated with aging: a 12-year longitudinal cohort study.

Study Objectives: The sleep patterns of humans are greatly influenced by age and sex and have various effects on overall health as they change continuously during the lifespan. We investigated age-dependent changes in sleep properties and their relation to sex in middle-aged individuals.

Methods: We analyzed data from 2,640 participants (mean age of 49.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation to Establish East Asian Normative Volumes Using Multisite Structural MRI.

Normative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to interpret the state of an individual's brain health. However, a normative study is often expensive for small research groups. Although several attempts have been made to establish brain MRI norms, the focus has been limited to certain age ranges.

Obesity and muscle may have synergic effect more than independent effects on brain volume in community-based elderly.

Objective: To evaluate the individual and combined effects of obesity and muscle mass on brain volume in a community-dwelling healthy older population.

Methods: One thousand two hundred nine participants (M:F = 574:635, mean age 63.6 ± 6.