Transfer learning prediction of type 2 diabetes with unpaired clinical and genetic data.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea has risen in recent years, yet many cases remain undiagnosed. Advanced artificial intelligence models using multi-modal data have shown promise in disease prediction, but two major challenges persist: the scarcity of samples containing all desired data modalities and class imbalance in T2DM datasets. We propose a novel transfer learning framework to predict T2DM onset within five years, using two Korean cohorts (KoGES and SNUH).

The impact of parity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease defined by hepatic steatosis index: A nationwide cohort study.

Despite the impact of pregnancy and parity on the prevalence of metabolic diseases, there are limited epidemiologic data regarding the association between parity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the association between parity, parity number, and NAFLD risk in pre- and postmenopausal women using data representing the entire Korean population. This cohort included 28,003 women (13,145 premenopausal and 14,858 postmenopausal) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Associations of circulating apolipoprotein J and myostatin with sarcopenia in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for sarcopenia. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) and myostatin (MSTN) have been implicated in muscle glucose metabolism. We aimed to examine the association between serum ApoJ and MSTN levels and sarcopenia in older adults, with and without DM.

Discrepancies in Dapagliflozin Response in Terms of Glycemic Control and Body Weight Reduction.

Backgruound: Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia and obesity by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption. This post hoc study evaluated clinical factors influencing patient response to dapagliflozin.

Methods: The analysis focused on patients treated with dapagliflozin (10 mg/day for 52 weeks) within the randomized, double-blind, parallel-group BEYOND trial.

Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.

Background: Muscle quality, represented by myosteatosis, is recognized as an important factor in sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between myosteatosis, muscle strength and physical performance among the elderly South Korean population.

Methods: We included 1440 participants (mean age 62.

Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with white matter hyperintensity and cognitive decline: A longitudinal cohort study.

Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed to describe the hepatic steatosis associated with metabolic abnormalities. Substantial evidence has shown that hepatic steatosis may be linked with cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to clarify the association between MAFLD and brain structural and cognitive changes.

Unveiling Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Patients with Graves' Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Backgruound: Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is the preferred initial treatment for Graves' disease (GD) in South Korea, despite higher treatment failure rates than radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of treatment failure associated with the primary modalities for GD treatment in real-world practice.

Methods: We included 452,001 patients diagnosed with GD between 2004 and 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database.

Effect of Glomerular Hyperfiltration on Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Key Points: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF) were younger and had fewer comorbid metabolic disorders, despite poor glycemic control. The relationship between eGFR and incident cardiovascular disease showed an inverted J-shaped pattern, which was highest among low filtration, followed by GHF. GHF was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction and heart failure.

Risk acceleration by gout on major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.

Aims: We aimed to examine the impact of gout on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and explore whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) modifies this association.

Materials And Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 757 378 individuals with type 2 diabetes were classified into the CKDGout, CKDGout, CKDGout, and CKDGout groups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and mortality, after adjusting for cardiometabolic factors.

Association of remnant cholesterol with sarcopenia in Korean adults: a nationwide population-based study using data from the KNHANES.

Background: Mounting evidence indicates the importance of the interplay between skeletal muscles and lipid metabolism. Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) is considered one of the principal residual risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders; however, there are limited studies on the impact of remnant-C on sarcopenia.

Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011 were used in this nationwide population-based study.

Effect of gout and diabetic kidney disease on renal cancer development in Korea.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and gout are risk factors for renal cancer. We analysed the effects of comorbid diabetic kidney disease and gout on renal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 847 884 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who underwent health assessments provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service in 2009.

Comparison of laser and traditional lancing devices for capillary blood sampling in patients with diabetes mellitus and high bleeding risk.

Purpose: Despite the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) for management of diabetes mellitus (DM), frequent blood sampling is discouraged by bleeding risk due to dual-antiplatelet agent therapy (DAPT) or thrombocytopenia.

Methods: We compared the bleeding time (BT) of sampling by using a laser-lancing-device (LMT-1000) and a conventional lancet in patients with DM and thrombocytopenia or patients undergoing DAPT. BT was measured using the Duke method, and pain and satisfaction scores were assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS).

Association of Succinate and Adenosine Nucleotide Metabolic Pathways with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Backgruound: Although the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is increasing, reliable biomarkers for its early detection are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the association of adenosine and succinate levels and their related pathways, including hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis, with DKD.

Methods: We examined 235 participants and categorized them into three groups: healthy controls; those with diabetes but without DKD; and those with DKD, which was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.

Cancer Risk in Graves Disease with Radioactive I Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Radioactive I (RAI) therapy has potential effects for the treatment of Graves disease (GD). However, whether RAI therapy for GD increases cancer risk remains controversial in medicine and public health. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of cancer increases in patients with GD receiving RAI therapy compared with those who did not.

2023 Diabetic Kidney Disease Fact Sheet in Korea.

Backgruound: To investigate the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, and management status of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetes-related end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in South Korea.

Methods: We used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2019 to 2021, n=2,665) for the evaluation of prevalence, comorbidities, control rate of glycemia and comorbidities in DKD, and the Korean Health Insurance Service-customized database (2008 to 2019, n=3,950,857) for the evaluation of trends in the incidence and prevalence rate of diabetes-related ESKD, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors use for DKD, and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and mortality according to DKD stages. DKD was defined as albuminuria or low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.

A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel comparison, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone add-on therapy in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin and dapagliflozin.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone compared to placebo when added to metformin plus dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: In a multicentre study, with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 249 Korean patients with T2DM suboptimally managed on metformin and dapagliflozin were assigned to receive either pioglitazone (15 mg daily) or placebo for 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week pioglitazone extension. Primary outcomes included changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), with secondary outcomes assessing insulin resistance, adiponectin levels, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, body weight and waist circumference.

Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes.

Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes.

2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus of the Korean Diabetes Association.

In May 2023, the Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association published the revised clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes. We incorporated the latest clinical research findings through a comprehensive systematic literature review and applied them in a manner suitable for the Korean population. These guidelines are designed for all healthcare providers nationwide, including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators who manage patients with diabetes or individuals at risk of developing diabetes.

Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Backgruound: There was limited evidence to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Thus, we aimed to depict the behavioral and metabolic determinants of CGM metrics in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study.

Additive impact of diabetes and sarcopenia on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and sarcopenia (SP) are growing public health concerns in an aging society, which share common pathophysiological mechanisms and are associated with serious health consequences. We investigated the impact of DM and SP on all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in a longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Methods: The study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2011, including information on appendicular skeletal muscle mass data.

Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020.

Backgruound: We evaluated the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly Korean patients based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: A total of 3,068 adults aged 65 years and older (19.8% of total population) were analyzed using KNHANES from 2019 to 2020.