Clinical Neurophysiological Study for the Diagnosis of Functional Cranial-Cervical Dystonia.

Objectives: The differential diagnosis of functional and other etiologies of dystonia can be difficult. We performed a clinical neurophysiological study in a female patient with cranial-cervical dystonia, providing strong evidence for the diagnosis of functional dystonia.

Methods: The patient had torticollis and intermittent facial pulling with downward deviation of the left angle of the mouth.

Renovating the Barnes maze for mouse models of Dementia with STARR FIELD: A 4-day protocol that probes learning rate, retention and cognitive flexibility.

Land-based mazes that require spatial cues to identify the location of a hiding-place are a low-stress method to evaluate learning rate and memory retention in mice. One version, the Barnes maze, allows quantification of naturalistic exploratory behaviors not evident in water-based tasks. As the task relies on innate behaviors, it does not require overtraining, making it more feasible to examine early learning and non-memory executive functions that are characteristic of some non-amnestic dementias.

Alpha-Synuclein Pre-Formed Fibrils Injected into Prefrontal Cortex Primarily Spread to Cortical and Subcortical Structures.

Background: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by diffuse spread of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) throughout the brain. Patients with PDD and DLB have a neuropsychological pattern of deficits that include executive dysfunction, such as abnormalities in planning, timing, working memory, and behavioral flexibility. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a major role in normal executive function and often develops α-syn aggregates in DLB and PDD.

Alpha-synuclein pre-formed fibrils injected into prefrontal cortex primarily spread to cortical and subcortical structures and lead to isolated behavioral symptoms.

Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by diffuse spread of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) throughout the brain. Patients with PDD and DLB have a neuropsychological pattern of deficits that include executive dysfunction, such as abnormalities in planning, timing, working memory, and behavioral flexibility. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a major role in normal executive function and often develops α-syn aggregates in DLB and PDD.

Caring for patients with cognitive dysfunction, fluctuations and dementia caused by Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). While it tends to worsen in the later stages of disease, it can occur at any time, with 15-20% of patients exhibiting cognitive deficits at diagnosis (Aarsland et al., 2010; Goldman and Sieg, 2020).

Kinetics of CD4 T Helper and CD8 Effector T Cell Responses in Acute Dengue Patients.

The protective or pathogenic role of T lymphocytes during the acute phase of dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been fully understood despite its importance in immunity and vaccine development. This study aimed to clarify the kinetics of T lymphocyte subsets during the clinical course of acute dengue patients. In this hospital-based cohort study, 59 eligible Vietnamese dengue patients were recruited and admitted.

Quality of flow diagram in systematic review and/or meta-analysis.

Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses generally provide the best evidence for medical research. Authors are recommended to use flow diagrams to present the review process, allowing for better understanding among readers. However, no studies as of yet have assessed the quality of flow diagrams in systematic review/meta-analyses.

Early vaccination protects against childhood leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Leukemia is the most commonly diagnosed childhood cancer, although its etiology is still largely unknown. Growing evidence supports a role for infection in the etiology of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and the involvement of the immune system suggests that vaccination may also play a role. However, the findings presented in the published literature are inconsistent.

ANESTHESIA FOR CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE: CASE REPORT.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease comprises a group of disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Reviewing the anaesthetic literature produced conflicting reports about the best anaesthetic options for patients with CMTD; as they are at increased risk of prolonged response to muscle relaxants, malignant hyperthermia and risks of regional anaesthesia. We present a case of the successful use of total intravenous anaesthesia with dexmedetomidine and propofol combined with caudal block using bupivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine without any complications, for a 17 year old male patient with Charcot Marie-Tooth disease who underwent a lower limb orthopedic surgery.