The impact of parity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease defined by hepatic steatosis index: A nationwide cohort study.

Despite the impact of pregnancy and parity on the prevalence of metabolic diseases, there are limited epidemiologic data regarding the association between parity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the association between parity, parity number, and NAFLD risk in pre- and postmenopausal women using data representing the entire Korean population. This cohort included 28,003 women (13,145 premenopausal and 14,858 postmenopausal) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Impact of Adipose Tissue and Lipids on Skeletal Muscle in Sarcopenia.

Background: Although the decline in muscle mass, function and increased visceral obesity are attracting substantial attention in the ageing society, approved treatment modalities for sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity (SO) remain limited. Elucidating effects and mechanisms of adipose tissue and lipids on skeletal muscle is important for identifying potential prevention and treatment targets for sarcopenia/SO.

Methods: In this narrative review, we aim to comprehensively summarize current knowledge on how adipose tissue and lipid metabolites influence skeletal muscle with detailed mechanistic explanations, especially in sarcopenia development.

IQ, an Uninvited Guest in the Field of Learning?: Correlation Study of Comprehensive Learning Test.

Background: Though substantial studies have revealed various factors contributing to learning reading and mathematics independent of intelligence, the relationship between learning and intelligence is multifaceted. The current study aimed to explore the correlation between intelligence and learning in reading and math, considering both general intelligence (Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient [FSIQ]) and specific domains of the Wechsler intelligence test to identify which aspects contribute to different learning areas.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on outpatients between the ages of 6 and 17 (N = 100), who were assessed using the Wechsler intelligence test and the Comprehensive Learning Test for reading and mathematics (CLT-R: Reading, CLT-M: Mathematic).

Plasma Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin-2 as a Risk Factor of Sarcopenia: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2), a hepatokine, is implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although NAFLD and sarcopenia are closely linked, the relationship between plasma LECT2 levels and sarcopenia remains unclear. We analyzed plasma LECT2 levels in 400 older adults aged 70-84 years old living in the community enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

HD6277 Suppresses Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Myogenic Factors and Inhibiting Proteolysis in Aged Mice.

Background: G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) acts as a modulator of various physiological functions, including glycaemic lowering, anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress, in several tissues. However, the role of GPR40 in skeletal muscles remains unclear.

Methods: To investigate the roles of muscle GPR40, C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes were stimulated with palmitate and HD6277, a GPR40 agonist.

Sex- and age-specific body composition indices as predictors of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Koreans: a nationwide cohort study.

Objectives: Hormonal and age-related differences in body composition require tailored approaches for predicting new-onset type 2 diabetes (NODM). Previous studies lacked in-depth stratified analyses. We investigate sex- and age-specific body composition indices associated with NODM.

Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.

Background: Muscle quality, represented by myosteatosis, is recognized as an important factor in sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between myosteatosis, muscle strength and physical performance among the elderly South Korean population.

Methods: We included 1440 participants (mean age 62.

Unveiling Risk Factors for Treatment Failure in Patients with Graves' Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Backgruound: Antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment is the preferred initial treatment for Graves' disease (GD) in South Korea, despite higher treatment failure rates than radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy or thyroidectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of treatment failure associated with the primary modalities for GD treatment in real-world practice.

Methods: We included 452,001 patients diagnosed with GD between 2004 and 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database.

GPR40-full agonist AM1638 alleviates palmitate-induced oxidative damage in H9c2 cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway.

G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is gaining recognition as a potential therapeutic target for several metabolic disturbances, such as hyperglycemia and excessive inflammation. GPR40 is expressed in various tissues, including the heart; however, its specific roles in cardiomyocytes remain unknown. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether treatment with AM1638, a GPR40-full agonist, reduces palmitate-mediated cell damage in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes.

Association of remnant cholesterol with sarcopenia in Korean adults: a nationwide population-based study using data from the KNHANES.

Background: Mounting evidence indicates the importance of the interplay between skeletal muscles and lipid metabolism. Remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) is considered one of the principal residual risk factors for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders; however, there are limited studies on the impact of remnant-C on sarcopenia.

Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) between 2008 and 2011 were used in this nationwide population-based study.

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin add-on to evogliptin plus metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin versus placebo as an add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not achieve adequate glycaemic control with evogliptin and metformin combination.

Patients And Methods: In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial, patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% (≥53 mmol/mol) and ≤10.

Comparison of laser and traditional lancing devices for capillary blood sampling in patients with diabetes mellitus and high bleeding risk.

Purpose: Despite the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) for management of diabetes mellitus (DM), frequent blood sampling is discouraged by bleeding risk due to dual-antiplatelet agent therapy (DAPT) or thrombocytopenia.

Methods: We compared the bleeding time (BT) of sampling by using a laser-lancing-device (LMT-1000) and a conventional lancet in patients with DM and thrombocytopenia or patients undergoing DAPT. BT was measured using the Duke method, and pain and satisfaction scores were assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS).

Bidirectional crosstalk between bone and muscle: the role of RANKL pathway in osteosarcopenia.

Osteosarcopenia, which refers to the concomitant presence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is expected to increase in the rapidly progressive aging world, with serious clinical implications. However, the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia has not been fully elucidated, and no optimal treatment specific to osteosarcopenia is available. The RANKL-RANK pathway is widely used as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial.

Backgruound: Guidelines for switching to triple combination therapy directly after monotherapy failure are limited. This study investigated the efficacy, long-term sustainability, and safety of either mono or dual add-on therapy using alogliptin and pioglitazone for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who did not achieve their target glycemic range with metformin monotherapy.

Methods: The Practical Evidence of Antidiabetic Combination Therapy in Korea (PEAK) was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Cancer Risk in Graves Disease with Radioactive I Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Radioactive I (RAI) therapy has potential effects for the treatment of Graves disease (GD). However, whether RAI therapy for GD increases cancer risk remains controversial in medicine and public health. We aimed to investigate whether the risk of cancer increases in patients with GD receiving RAI therapy compared with those who did not.

Remnant cholesterol is an independent risk factor for the incidence of chronic kidney disease in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) on chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Service data on 212,836 patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2009 and 2014. We conducted cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing CKD according to remnant-C tertile.

Gut hormones and appetite regulation.

Purpose Of Review: Various gut hormones interact with the brain through delicate communication, thereby influencing appetite and subsequent changes in body weight. This review summarizes the effects of gut hormones on appetite, with a focus on recent research.

Recent Findings: Ghrelin is known as an orexigenic hormone, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), postprandial peptide YY (PYY), and oxyntomodulin (OXM) are known as anorexigenic hormones.

Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes.

Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes.

Ischaemic stroke in patients with diabetes requiring urgent procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a retrospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study using data from the National Emergency Department Information System.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in suboptimal care for ischaemic stroke. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), a high-risk group for stroke, had compromised routine care during the pandemic, which increases the chance of stroke. We examined influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of ischaemic stroke in patients with DM in South Korea.

AM1638, a GPR40-Full Agonist, Inhibited Palmitate- Induced ROS Production and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Enhancing HUVEC Viability in an NRF2-Dependent Manner.

Backgruound: G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a key molecule in diabetes and fatty liver, but its role in endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. Our objective in this study was to determine whether GPR40 agonists protect endothelial cells against palmitatemediated oxidative stress.

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate effects of various GPR40 agonists on vascular endothelium.

Clinical and Lifestyle Determinants of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Backgruound: There was limited evidence to evaluate the association between lifestyle habits and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics. Thus, we aimed to depict the behavioral and metabolic determinants of CGM metrics in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study.

Additive impact of diabetes and sarcopenia on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and sarcopenia (SP) are growing public health concerns in an aging society, which share common pathophysiological mechanisms and are associated with serious health consequences. We investigated the impact of DM and SP on all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in a longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

Methods: The study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2008 and 2011, including information on appendicular skeletal muscle mass data.

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult patients with atopic dermatitis.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in adults newly diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: This propensity score-matching cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) 2.0 database in South Korea from 2002 to 2015.