Analysis of salivary proteins in gall-inducing psylla and their potential influence on host plants.

Gall-forming insects manipulate host plants through the proteins present in their saliva, which play essential roles in reprogramming plant cells. In this study, we utilized an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to explore the salivary proteome of camphor psylla (Trioza camphorae). Transcriptomic analysis identified 97 secretory proteins that were abundantly and specifically expressed in the salivary glands.

Research on the business performance evaluation method for small and medium-sized enterprises in cross-border e-commerce based on artificial bee colony optimized LSTM model.

The rapid development of the cross-border e-commerce industry has posed challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as large fluctuations in the international market environment and limited resource allocation, which increases the uncertainty and complexity of their business performance. Traditional business performance evaluation methods are inadequate in handling complex nonlinear data and real-time responsiveness, making them difficult to meet the demands of a dynamic market environment. Based on data from 10 cross-border e-commerce SMEs from 2020 to October 2023, this paper proposes a business performance evaluation method based on the Artificial Bee Colony Optimized Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (ABC-LSTM) to improve the predictive accuracy of complex time series data analysis and the model's generalization ability.

The Impact of Artificial Water Diversion-induced Algal Blooms on Carbon Balance in a Semi-enclosed Bay.

Artificial water diversion is widely used to address water security; yet, its impacts on phytoplankton communities and coastal carbon balance remain poorly understood. Using a seasonal diversion project in a semi-enclosed bay as a case study, we analyzed phytoplankton composition via morphological methods and assessed carbon balance through simultaneous measurements of primary production (P), ecosystem respiration rate (R), and production-to-respiration (PP/R) ratio. Our results showed that artificial water diversion activities during the wet month enhanced hydrological connectivity and phytoplankton homogeneity, triggering a mixed diatom-dinoflagellate bloom.

PFSKANs: A Novel Pixel-Level Feature Selection Model Based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks.

Inspired by the interpretability of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), a novel Pixel-level Feature Selection (PFS) model based on KANs (PFSKANs) is proposed as a fundamentally distinct alternative from trainable Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and transformers in the computer vision tasks. We modify the simplification techniques of KANs to detect key pixels with high contribution scores directly at the input image. Specifically, a trainable selection procedure is intuitively visualized and performed only once, since the obtained interpretable pixels can subsequently be identified and dimensionally standardized using the proposed mathematical approach.

Avenanthramide-C Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Accelerated Alzheimer's Pathologies via NOD1-Driven Neuroinflammation in 5×FAD Mice.

: Obesity is clinically known to be associated with an increased risk and aggravated pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A high-fat diet (HFD), the major contributor to obesity, induces neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance, both of which are linked to synaptic dysfunction. Our previous studies demonstrated that avenanthramide-C (Avn-C), a natural oat-derived phenolic compound, exerts anti-inflammatory effects and alleviates synaptic dysfunction in conventional AD models.

Identification of Bioactive Peptides from Secretions That Promote Indole-3-Acetic Acid Production in ZZ21.

, a free-living nematode model, secretes neuropeptides, but the ecological roles of its peptide exudates in regulating rhizosphere microbial activity remain largely unexplored. We identified six short peptides (P1, P9, P19, P20, P25, and P26) from exudates that significantly enhanced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the plant growth-promoting bacterium ZZ21. These peptides were heat-labile and proteinase K-sensitive but unaffected by DNase I or RNase A, confirming their proteinaceous (peptide) nature rather than nucleic acid origin.

Flavonoids from var. W.C. Cheng Restore Cognitive Impairment and Regulate the Gut Microbiota in Sleep-Deprived Mice.

Sleep deprivation (SD) induces cognitive impairment associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, making it crucial to explore natural remedies targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study aims to investigate whether var. W.

Editorial for the Special Issue Titled "Advancements in Food Gelation: Exploring Mechanisms and Applications".

Food gelation has emerged as a dynamic and multidisciplinary research field, bridging colloidal science, processing innovation, material engineering, and nutritional functionality [...

Epigenetic Mechanisms Governing Nrf2 Expression and Its Role in Ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation participating in various diseases. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and a key determinant of ferroptosis resistance. Nrf2 activates the expression of downstream antioxidant genes to protect cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis.

Identification of an F8 complex recombination in Chinese hemophilia a patient using long-read sequencing and optical genome mapping.

Background: Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the gene, resulting in deficient coagulation factor VIII activity. Although intron 22 and intron 1 inversions (Inv22 and Inv1) accounts for approximately 50% of severe HA cases, complex structural rearrangements mediated by intron 22 homologous region ( repeats have rarely reported and poorly characterized.

Methods: In this study, we investigated a Chinese severe HA pedigree with a complex rearrangement of gene by integrating 750 K SNP arrays, long-read sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT), and optical genome mapping (OGM).

Heterologous Watermelon Expression Confers Improved Heat Tolerance to .

Members of the heat shock protein 20 (HSP20) family of proteins play an important role in responding to various forms of stress. Here, the expression of was induced by heat stress in watermelon. Then, a floral dipping approach was used to introduce the pCAMBIA1391b-GFP overexpression vector encoding the heat tolerance-related gene from watermelon into and we obtained -overexpressing plants.

Design and experimental verification of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from Ziziphus jujuba peptide KALVAP.

Background: KALVAP is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor derived from Ziziphus jujuba, but shows poor dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory activity. To remedy this shortcoming, KALVAP was modified according to the distinctive features of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, yielding nine novel peptides. The DPP-IV inhibitory activity of the peptides was further verified in vitro and in vivo.

Durable Gradient Liquid-Like Coating via PECVD for Long-Term Pipeline Scale Resistance.

Scaling severely impairs the efficiency, safety, and service life of industrial pipelines. While anti-scaling coatings offer an efficient and environmental-friendly solution, their long-term durability remains challenging. Herein, a robust gradient liquid-like coating (gLLC) is fabricated via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for long-term anti-scaling applications.

Breaking antibiotic resistance: Sunlight-powered calcium peroxide for dual bactericidal and genetic elimination.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have emerged as critical waterborne contaminants, posing serious public health risks. This study proposes a disinfection strategy through sunlight powered calcium peroxide (CaO) treatment that simultaneously inactivates ARB and degrades ARGs in aquatic environments. Solar irradiation combined with CaO (3.

Early diagnosis of coronary heart disease based on retinal microvascular parameters of OCTA.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, and its early diagnosis is essential for prevention and treatment. Emerging evidence from ocular imaging suggests that structural and functional alterations in the retinal vasculature may mirror systemic vascular changes, offering a promising avenue for the early identification of cardiovascular conditions such as CAD. Among these techniques, OCTA stands out as a non-invasive, high-resolution modality capable of capturing detailed microvascular architecture and quantifying retinal blood flow dynamics.

Recent Advances in Cellulose-Derived Organic Afterglow Materials.

Cellulose-based organic afterglow materials have gained considerable interest due to their low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits compared to traditional phosphors, with promising applications in anti-counterfeiting, bioimaging, and sensing. Although extensive research has been conducted on cellulose and organic afterglow materials, a comprehensive review systematically discussing the underlying mechanisms and applications of cellulose-based organic afterglow systems remains scarce. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the origin of long-lived afterglow emission in cellulose-based materials, highlighting the critical roles of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, and proposes strategic design principles for optimizing performance.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanistic Insights Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Therapeutic Prospects.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the aging population, remains without definitive therapeutic solutions. Emerging insights into the gut microbiota (GM) and its bidirectional communication with the central nervous system(CNS) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) have unveiled potential correlative mechanisms that may contribute to AD pathogenesis, though causal evidence remains limited. Dysregulation of GM composition (dysbiosis) exacerbates AD progression via neuroinflammation, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation (p-tau), while restoring microbial homeostasis presents a promising therapeutic strategy.

ILA mitigates HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction via lipid-immune crosstalk and gut microbiota modulation in zebrafish.

High-fat-induced metabolic syndrome poses many challenges to fish farming. In our previous study, we found that probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila can increase the tryptophan microbiota metabolite indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). Therefore, this study further investigates the effect of ILA on resisting HFD-induced metabolic disorders and preliminarily explores its mechanism in zebrafish.

Protein language model-assisted directed evolution of cyclodextrinase Enables Precision α-O-Oligosaccharide synthesis.

Stereoselective synthesis of α-O-oligosaccharides remains a key challenge in glycobiology. While glycoside hydrolase-mediated transglycosylation is promising, current methods yield excessive byproducts and show low specificity. Here, we establish a glycoside hydrolase-based system for precise oligosaccharide synthesis using cyclodextrin as donor.

Properties of CO Micro-Nanobubbles and Their Significant Applications in Sustainable Development.

As an important part of global carbon neutrality strategies, carbon dioxide (CO) capture, utilization, and storage technologies have emerged as critical solutions for reducing carbon emissions. However, conventional CO applications, including food preservation, industrial synthesis, and enhanced oil recovery, face inherent limitations such as suboptimal gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and inadequate long-term stability. Recent advancements in CO micro-nanobubbles (CO MNBs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across multidisciplinary domains, owing to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics encompassing elevated internal pressure, augmented specific surface area, exceptional stability, etc.

Phase Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Zirconia Ceramics Synthesized Under High Temperature and High Pressure.

Achieving simultaneous enhancement of Vickers hardness and fracture toughness remains a critical challenge in designing oxide ceramic materials due to their partially antagonistic nature. In this study, we address this trade-off by tailoring the microstructure of zirconia (ZrO) ceramics through YO doping and high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) sintering. Nanostructured composites were synthesized using 50 nm monoclinic ZrO and varying YO contents (3, 5, and 7 mol%) under 5 GPa at temperatures ranging from 400 to 2000 °C.

Neoxanthin: A Promising Medicinal and Nutritional Carotenoid.

Neoxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid with high-value nutritional functions for human health due to its anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and anti-obesity activities. In this present work, we systematically reviewed the structure, source, and biosynthetic pathways of neoxanthin, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the prevailing extraction methods of neoxanthin. Meanwhile, this review described the latest research progress on the pharmacological activities of neoxanthin.

Spermine Promotes the Formation of Conchosporangia in Through Superoxide Anions.

The transition from conchocelis to conchosporangia in represents a pivotal stage in its life cycle. As a commercially vital red alga, plays a dominant role in global nori production. The transition governing its sporulation efficiency is pivotal for aquaculture success, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms, especially their integration with metabolic cues such as polyamines, remain poorly understood.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Marine sp. NBUD24-Derived Anthraquinones Against MRSA.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global health crisis, with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) representing one of the most clinically significant multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this study, three structurally unique anthracycline derivatives-keto-ester (), 4-deoxy-ε-pyrromycinone (), and misamycin ()-were first isolated and characterized from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived NBUD24. These compounds exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against MRSA, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 16 to 32 µg/mL.

Changes in intestinal bacterial characteristics during hospitalization in the NICU in very low birth weight infants.

Background: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in neonatal defense against pathogens, immune training, nutrient absorption, and postnatal disease development.

Methods: We prospectively collected fecal samples from 58 very low birth weight infants and 34 preterm infants with birth weights > 1500 g during their first two postnatal months. Using 16SrRNA sequencing, we characterize the compositional dynamics of gut microbiota in very low birth weight infants during early postnatal development, and evaluate potential associations with clinical factors.