Snord15b Maintains Stemness of Intestinal Stem Cells via Enhancement of Alternative Splicing of Btrc Short Isoform for Suppression of β-Catenin Ubiquitination.

Intestinal epithelium is derived from Lgr5 intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the crypt base. However, how small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) regulate ISC stemness remains elusive. Here, a conserved snoRNA, Snord15b, that is highly expressed in ISCs is identified.

Endogenous Retroviruses in Host-Virus Coevolution: From Genomic Domestication to Functional Innovation.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of retroviral infections that have become stably integrated into host germline genomes. Far beyond passive genomic elements, ERVs actively shape host evolution through complex mechanisms involving genetic innovation, immune modulation, and species adaptation. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of ERV biology, highlighting recent advances in their classification, amplification mechanisms, and epigenetic silencing.

Durable Gradient Liquid-Like Coating via PECVD for Long-Term Pipeline Scale Resistance.

Scaling severely impairs the efficiency, safety, and service life of industrial pipelines. While anti-scaling coatings offer an efficient and environmental-friendly solution, their long-term durability remains challenging. Herein, a robust gradient liquid-like coating (gLLC) is fabricated via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for long-term anti-scaling applications.

Microbiota metabolite taurodeoxycholic acid maintains intestinal tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells via engagement with P2Y10 receptor.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in innate immunity, epithelial barrier protection, and tissue homeostasis. However, the maintenance machinery of intestinal tissue residency of ILCs remains elusive. Here, we show that gut microbiota is necessary for the maintenance of intestinal tissue residency of ILCs.

CircZNF418 Prevents Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Targeting the HuR/SIRT6 Axis to Protect Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Ferroptosis and Senescence.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative disorder affecting the spine. Ferroptosis and cellular senescence are key pathological features driving IVDD progression, but the mechanisms involved in their regulation remain incompletely understood. While circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) function, the specific role of circZNF418 in IVDD has not been explored.

CircZNF418 alleviates oxidative stress-induced cartilage endplate degeneration by stabilizing Sox9 through HuR.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) significantly contributes to back pain, impacting patients' quality of life, and the cartilaginous endplate (CEP) is crucial to the functioning of the disc in both normal and disease states. Furthermore, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the modulation of a variety of diseases, including IDD. Nonetheless, the specific involvement of circRNAs in the the intervertebral disc CEP degeneration is not yet fully understood.

Chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of enrofloxacin impairs neutrophil function in zebrafish via HPT axis disruption and hematopoietic dysregulation.

The widespread detection of fluoroquinolone antibiotics like enrofloxacin (ENR) in aquatic ecosystems raises significant concerns about ecological and immunological impacts. While acute ENR toxicity is documented, the immunotoxic effects of chronic, environmentally relevant exposure remain poorly understood. This study investigates the mechanisms by which long-term ENR exposure (28 days at 10-100 μg/L,concentrations reflecting common pollution levels in freshwater systems near aquaculture facilities and extreme contamination scenarios due to wastewater treatment failure) compromises zebrafish immunity, focusing on neutrophil dysfunction.

Unraveling the role of Ctla-4 in intestinal immune homeostasis through a novel Zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing immune-mediated disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury. The underlying causes of IBD are not fully understood, but genetic factors have been implicated in genome-wide association studies, including CTLA-4, an essential negative regulator of T cell activation. However, establishing a direct link between CTLA-4 and IBD has been challenging due to the early lethality of CTLA-4 knockout mice.

Facile synthesis of a single-atom cobalt catalyst to enhance peroxymonosulfate oxidation to degrade emerging contaminants by visible-light regulation: From radical pathway to synergistic pathway.

In-situ modulation of the synergistic effect of both radicals and non-radicals is crucial in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). In this study, we show a layer-structured carbon nitride with anchored cobalt single atoms was facilely synthesized (0.2Co-CN), followed by an investigation of the mechanism and performance in activating PMS for the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) assisted by visible light.

Weighted comprehensive risk assessment and pollution analysis of long-term printing and dyeing sludge landfills in an industrialized Chinese city.

Sludge landfilling is widely used in China, accounting for approximately 65% of total sludge disposal, due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, with increasing land scarcity and stricter environmental regulations, the Chinese government has emphasized reducing sludge landfilling. Despite these efforts, sludge historically disposed of in landfills continues to pose risks, including heavy metal leaching and contamination of groundwater and soil.

Bioenergy recovery and carbon emissions benefits of short-term bio-thermophilic pretreatment on low organic sewage sludge anaerobic digestion: A pilot-scale study.

Sewage sludge in cities of Yangzi River Belt, China, generally exhibits a lower organic content and higher silt contentdue to leakage of drainage system, which caused low bioenergy recovery and carbon emission benefits in conventional anaerobic digestion (CAD). Therefore, this paper is on a pilot scale, a bio-thermophilic pretreatment anaerobic digestion (BTPAD) for low organic sludge (volatile solids (VS) of 4%) was operated with a long-term continuous flow of 200 days. The VS degradation rate and CH yield of BTPAD increased by 19.

CT-based radiomic analysis for categorization of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and epithelial ovarian cancers.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of radiomic analyses based on machine learning that rely on contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) for categorizing ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) and epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs).

Methods: We included a total of 225 patients with 230 tumors, who were randomly divided into training and test cohorts with a ratio of 8:2. Radiomic features were extracted from each tumor and dimensionally reduced using LASSO.

Water Transport-Induced Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Facilitates Gelation for Controllable and Facile Fabrication of Physically Crosslinked Microgels.

Physically crosslinked microgels (PCMs) offer a biocompatible platform for various biomedical applications. However, current PCM fabrication methods suffer from their complexity and poor controllability, due to their reliance on altering physical conditions to initiate gelation and their dependence on specific materials. To address this issue, a novel PCM fabrication method is devised, which employs water transport-induced liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to trigger the intermolecular interaction-supported sol-gel transition within aqueous emulsion droplets.

Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the hidden powers of zebrafish kidney for generating both hematopoiesis and adaptive antiviral immunity.

The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of the kidney in fish immune systems remains to be elucidated.

An annotated grain kernel image database for visual quality inspection.

We present a machine vision-based database named GrainSet for the purpose of visual quality inspection of grain kernels. The database contains more than 350K single-kernel images with experts' annotations. The grain kernels used in the study consist of four types of cereal grains including wheat, maize, sorghum and rice, and were collected from over 20 regions in 5 countries.

PD-L1/BTLA Checkpoint Axis Exploited for Bacterial Immune Escape by Restraining CD8+ T Cell-Initiated Adaptive Immunity in Zebrafish.

Programmed death-ligand 1/programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) is one of the most important immune checkpoints in humans and other mammalian species. However, the occurrence of the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint in evolutionarily ancient vertebrates remains elusive because of the absence of a PD-1 homolog before its appearance in tetrapods. In this article, we identified, to our knowledge, a novel PD-L1/B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) checkpoint in zebrafish by using an Edwardsiella tarda-induced bacterial infection model.

Function of TRP channels in monocytes/macrophages.

The transient receptor potential channel (TRP channel) family is a kind of non- specific cation channel widely distributed in various tissues and organs of the human body, including the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, immune system, etc. It has been reported that various TRP channels are expressed in mammalian macrophages. TRP channels may be involved in various signaling pathways in the development of various systemic diseases through changes in intracellular concentrations of cations such as calcium and magnesium.

Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals diverse immune cell populations and their responses to viral infection in the spleen of zebrafish.

Teleost fish are indispensable model organisms for comparative immunology research that should lead to an improved understanding of the general principles of vertebrate immune system design. Although numerous studies on fish immunology have been conducted, knowledge about the cell types that orchestrate piscine immune systems remains limited. Here, we generated a comprehensive atlas of immune cell types in zebrafish spleen on the basis of single-cell transcriptome profiling.

Essential role of an ERV-derived Env38 protein in adaptive humoral immunity against an exogenous SVCV infection in a zebrafish model.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are the relics of ancient retroviruses occupying a substantial fraction of vertebrate genomes. However, knowledge about the functional association of ERVs with cellular activities remains limited. Recently, we have identified approximately 3,315 ERVs from zebrafish at genome-wide level, among which 421 ERVs were actively expressed in response to the infection of Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV).

Dynamics of histone acetylation during human early embryogenesis.

It remains poorly understood about the regulation of gene and transposon transcription during human early embryogenesis. Here, we report that broad H3K27ac domains are genome-widely distributed in human 2-cell and 4-cell embryos and transit into typical peaks in the 8-cell embryos. The broad H3K27ac domains in early embryos before zygotic genome activation (ZGA) are also observed in mouse.

CD4 CTLs Act as a Key Effector Population for Allograft Rejection of MSCs in a Donor MHC-II Dependent Manner in Injured Liver.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been considered an attractive source of cytotherapy due to their promising effects on treating various diseases. Allogeneic MSCs (allo-MSCs) are extensively used in clinical trials due to their convenient preparation and credible performance. Traditionally, allo-MSCs are considered immunoprivileged with minimal immunogenicity and potent immunomodulatory capacity.

Functional role of CD40 and CD154 costimulatory signals in IgZ-mediated immunity against bacterial infection.

CD40 and CD154 are one of the best-characterized costimulatory molecules essential for adaptive immunity, which extensively involved in T and B cell activation, IgM Ab production, isotype class switching, germinal center formation and affinity maturation. However, the functionality of CD40 and CD154 in IgZ-mediated immunity remains limited. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of Cd40-Cd154 interaction in IgZ-mediated antibacterial immunity in zebrafish.

The role of ion channels in immune-related diseases.

Ion channel is an integral membrane protein that allows the permeation of charge ions across hydrophobic phospholipid membranes, including plasma membranes and organelle membranes (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles), which are widely distributed in various cells and tissues, such as cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and nerve cells. Ion channels establish membrane potential by regulating ion concentration and membrane potential. Membrane potential plays an important role in cells.