Quantitative correlation between small airway morphology with respiratory function during disease progression in COPD: CFD analysis of human airways based on CT and OCT imaging.

Background And Objective: The quantitative knowledge of the influence of the small airway disease on the functional changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients has been severely limited.

Methods: This study presents an innovative patient-specific computational framework that integrates CT and OCT imaging data with multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. A three-dimensional tracheobronchial tree is reconstructed from CT scans of a mild COPD patient, spanning from the central airway to the 4th generation bronchial bifurcations.

The Impact of Artificial Water Diversion-induced Algal Blooms on Carbon Balance in a Semi-enclosed Bay.

Artificial water diversion is widely used to address water security; yet, its impacts on phytoplankton communities and coastal carbon balance remain poorly understood. Using a seasonal diversion project in a semi-enclosed bay as a case study, we analyzed phytoplankton composition via morphological methods and assessed carbon balance through simultaneous measurements of primary production (P), ecosystem respiration rate (R), and production-to-respiration (PP/R) ratio. Our results showed that artificial water diversion activities during the wet month enhanced hydrological connectivity and phytoplankton homogeneity, triggering a mixed diatom-dinoflagellate bloom.

Revealing the role of the plasma membrane H-ATPase in plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency in rice under various nitrogen sources and rhizosphere pH.

Soil pH is critical for the bioavailability of nutrients and their consequent uptake by plant roots. This is specifically true for N and P, two key macronutrients that are essential for all aspects of plant growth and development. Importantly, availability of one nutrient can affect acquisition and translocation of another, although the mechanistic basis of this process remains unexplored.

The sole use of stem cells in treating fracture nonunion: a scoping review.

Objective Of This Study: This scoping-review aims to highlight the current modalities of sole use of stem cells in treating fracture nonunion updating a previous systematic review from 2013. We report solitary stem cell stimulation in literature in vivo studies to obtain current knowledge in understanding the crucial role of stem cells in enhancing fracture nonunion healing.

Materials And Methods: This scoping review was conducted by systematical search in PubMed, Medline and clinicaltrials.

Machine learning in diagnosing coronary artery disease via optical pumped magnetometer magnetocardiography: a prospective cohort study.

The potential of optical pumped magnetometer magnetocardiography (OPM-MCG) for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) has been initially shown, yet lacks large-scale prospective research.Using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as a reference, we constructed three feature sets for the development of machine learning (ML) models: a 'Heart' feature set consisting only of OPM-MCG features, a 'Clinical' feature set, and a 'Heart + Clinical' combined feature set. We assessed the performance of 11 ML models with 10-fold cross-validation and conducted a feature importance analysis.

Long-term lignan intake, whole grain foods, and the risk of gout: results from two prospective cohort studies.

Objective: Multiple plant-based dietary patterns are inversely associated with gout, although the individual constituents driving this association remain unclear. Dietary lignans, a major group of phytoestrogens abundant in plant foods, are metabolized by the gut microflora and may modulate gout risk. We examined the associations between dietary lignan intake, certain whole grain foods rich in lignans, and incident gout.

Triflupromazine and tranylcypromine alleviate primary cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by promoting LDHA-mediated AMBRA1 ubiquitination.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for advanced LUAD, often encounters PDR, leading to rapid disease progression and tumor recurrence. In this study, we demonstrate that LDHA expression is elevated in cisplatin-resistant LUAD cell lines and correlates with poor patient prognosis.

Arthroscopic management of a rare free-edge medial meniscal cyst: A case report.

Background: Meniscal cysts are a relatively uncommon form of meniscus pathology and often coexist with meniscus tears or degeneration. They are typically diagnosed as intra-meniscal cysts or para-meniscal cysts. The majority of para-meniscal cysts protrude towards the joint capsule side of the meniscus, and to date, no cases have been documented at the free edge of the meniscus.

A comparison of cancellous screws in a sliding compression configuration and angle-stable sliding compression implants for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in the non-elderly predominantly below 65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose:  Internal fixation is the preferred treatment in the non-elderly with femoral neck fractures, regardless of fracture displacement. High complication rates are reported, in particular for displaced fractures. We aimed to compare cancellous screws with angle-stable sliding compression implants for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in the non-elderly.

From simulation to clinic: Assessing the required channel count for effective clinical use of OPM-MEG systems.

The channel count in an Optically Pumped Magnetometer Magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) system plays a pivotal role in determining its overall performance. While existing research consistently highlights that a greater number of channels enhances system capabilities, practical constraints such as sensor placement on the head, inter-channel interference, and cost-efficiency impose limitations on channel scalability. Additionally, the optimal channel count required for clinical applications of OPM-MEG remains unclear.

Comparative Safety of Medications for Severe Agitation: A Geriatric Emergency Department Guidelines 2.0 Systematic Review.

Background: Managing undifferentiated, severe agitation in older adults may require antipsychotic or sedative medications to prevent harm to self or others. Unfortunately, these medications are associated with serious adverse events in older adults, and little is known about their comparative safety.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to identify comparative effectiveness studies on the safety of medications used in the treatment of severe agitation among older adults in the prehospital or emergency department (ED) setting.

A comparative study on the detection and localization of interictal epileptiform discharges in magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers versus superconducting quantum interference devices.

Background: Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) holds substantial clinical value in epilepsy examination but is limited by the high costs. The optically pumped magnetometer (OPM)-based MEG appears promising in overcoming these limitations. This study aims to explore the consistency of interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) detection and source localization between OPM-MEG and SQUID-MEG in a large cohort of patients with epilepsy.

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation promotes neurovascular unit remodeling after ischemic stroke in a mouse model.

The neurovascular unit plays a critical role in maintaining brain structure, function, and homeostasis. Following ischemic stroke, dysfunction and dysregulation of this unit contribute to nerve-blood vessel uncoupling. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation is a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation that operates within the theta wave range and can either promote or inhibit cortical excitability.

Therapeutic targeting de novo purine biosynthesis driven by β-catenin-dependent PPAT upregulation in hepatoblastoma.

De novo purine biosynthesis (DNPS) was previously shown to be aberrantly activated in many cancers. However, the activity of DNPS pathway and its underlying regulatory mechanism in hepatoblastoma (HB) remain poorly understood. Herein, we discovered that the expression of PPAT, the rate-limiting enzyme in DNPS, was markedly upregulated in HB, leading to an augmented purine flux via DNPS, thereby promoting both HB cell proliferation and migration.

Mapping glioma progression: single-cell RNA sequencing illuminates cell-cell interactions and immune response variability.

Background: Glioma, the most common primary cancer of the central nervous system, characterizes significant heterogeneity, presenting major challenges for therapeutic approaches and prognosis. In this study, the interactions between malignant glioma cells and macrophages/monocytes, as well as their influence on tumor progression and treatment responses, were explored using comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

Methods: RNA-seq data from the TCGA and CGGA databases were integrated and an in-depth analysis of glioma samples was performed using single-cell RNA sequencing, functional enrichment analysis, developmental trajectory analysis, cell-cell communication analysis, and gene regulatory network analysis.

A discrete-time split-state framework for multi-state modeling with application to describing the course of heart disease.

In chronic disease epidemiology, the investigation of disease etiology has largely focused on an endpoint, while the course of chronic disease is understudied, representing a knowledge gap. Multi-state models can be used to describe the course of chronic disease, such as Markov models which assume that the future state depends only on the present state, and semi-Markov models which allow transition rates to depend on the duration in the current state. However, these models are unsuitable for chronic diseases that are largely non-memoryless.

Comparison of magnetocardiography and coronary computed tomographic angiography for detection of coronary artery stenosis and the influence of calcium.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of magnetocardiography (MCG) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in detecting coronary artery stenosis in relation to coronary calcification.

Methods: A total of 587 patients who underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA) with both CCTA and MCG between September 1, 2022, and August 31, 2023, were included. The patients were divided into three subgroups based on their coronary artery calcium score (CACS), namely less than 100, 100-400, and 400 and above, as determined by the Agatston score.

Selective inhibition of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition overcomes chemotherapy resistance in high-risk lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) represents a major subtype of lung cancer, and it demonstrates limited treatment options and worse survival. Identifications of a prognostic model and chemoresistance mechanism can be helpful for improving stratification and guiding therapy decisions. The integrative development of machine learning-based models reveals a random survival forest (RSF) prognostic model for LUSC.

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Design and Discovery of Preclinical Candidate LYG-409 as a Highly Potent and Selective GSPT1 Molecular Glue Degraders.

Molecular glue degraders induce "undruggable" protein degradation by a proximity-induced effect. Inspired by the clinical success of immunomodulatory drugs, we aimed to design novel molecular glue degraders targeting GSPT1. Here, we report the design of a series of GSPT1 molecular glue degraders.

Long-Term Natural Hydroxyapatite and Synthetic Collagen Hydroxyapatite Enhance Bone Regeneration and Implant Fixation Similar to Allograft in a Sheep Model of Implant Integration.

There is an increasing demand for a suitable bone substitute to replace current clinical gold standard autografts or allografts. Majority of previous studies have focused on the early effects of substitutes on bone formation, while information on their long-term efficacies remains limited. This study investigated the efficacies of natural hydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from oyster shells and synthetic hydroxyapatite mixed with collagen (COL/HA) or chitosan (CS/HA) on bone regeneration and implant fixation in sheep.

Structure-Based Design of "Head-to-Tail" Macrocyclic PROTACs.

Macrocyclization is a compelling strategy for conventional drug design for improving biological activity, target specificity, and metabolic stability, but it was rarely applied to the design of PROTACs possibly due to the mechanism and structural complexity. Herein, we report the rational design of the first series of "Head-to-Tail" macrocyclic PROTACs. The resulting molecule exhibited pronounced Brd4 protein degradation with low nM DC values while almost totally dismissing the "hook effect", which is a general character and common concern of a PROTAC, in multiple cancer cell lines.

Superolateral capsule pathway: a new arthroscopic viewing approach for spotting femoral fixation device in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: This study aimed to describe the arthroscopic superlateral capsule pathway technique for spotting femoral fixation device deployment, and to compare the results with normal procedure.

Methods: A total of 69 patients underwent ACLR (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction) with or without the SCP (superolateral capsule pathway) during procedure were retrospectively selected and evaluated. A total of 36 patients underwent SCP and 33 patients underwent ACLR without SCP.

Multimodal Trajectory Prediction for Diverse Vehicle Types in Autonomous Driving with Heterogeneous Data and Physical Constraints.

The accurate prediction of vehicle behavior is crucial for autonomous driving systems, impacting their safety and efficiency in complex urban environments. To address the challenge of multi-agent trajectory prediction, we propose a novel model integrating multiple input modalities, including historical trajectories, map data, vehicle features, and interaction information. Our approach employs a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) framework with a decoder that predicts control actions using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and then converts these actions into dynamically feasible trajectories through a bicycle model.