Dynamic Study on Synergy Mechanism and Characteristics of Particle Removal in Electrostatic Atomization.

A laboratory-scale wire plate wet electrostatic precipitator was designed and constructed to investigate the particle enhancement and capture characteristics of electrostatically charged droplets in continuous atomization mode. A comparison was made between different types of wet electrostatic precipitation mechanisms for particle removal, and the change mechanism of gas ionization mode under the action of charged droplets was analyzed. Experimental investigations were conducted on the effects of electrospray on corona discharge "ionic wind", as well as the force mechanism, agglomeration effect, and removal stability of particles under the synergistic action of electrostatic atomization and an electric field.

Mechanism of reducing antibiotic resistance genes by nano-selenium during composting: insight into host microorganisms and a two-component system.

Nano-selenium (nano-Se) makes up for the low biological activity and high toxicity of inorganic selenium, and is widely used as a novel Se fertilizer in agriculture. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of nano-Se on Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and host microorganisms during aerobic composting of cow manure. The results showed that high-concentration nano-Se had excellent effects on ARG removal, effectively inhibiting the dominant ARG subtypes such as aada and tetA(48).

Mechanism of nitrogen conversion and microbial communities controlling the acidification and storage of pig farm fecal water.

The effect of acidifiers on nitrogen transformation during manure wastewater storage remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of two types of acidifiers on nitrogen transformation, bacterial structure, and functional genes during manure wastewater storage. The results indicate that the internal reactions in manure wastewater storage could be divided into three stages, i.

Effect of commutation on pressure drop and microbial diversity in a horizontal biotrickling filter for toluene removal.

A horizontal biotrickling filter (HBTF) was designed to understand the toluene removal process and microbial community structures. The start-up time of the HBTF, immobilized by the dominant fungi was only about 6 days and the toluene removal efficiency was found to be more than 95% when the inlet toluene concentration remained at around 1560.0 mg/m.

Responses of greenhouse gas emissions to aeration coupled with functional membrane during industrial-scale composting of dairy manure: Insights into bacterial community composition and function.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from manure management processes deserve more attention. Using three industrial-scale experiments, this study comprehensively evaluated the effects of different aeration coupled with semi-permeable membrane-covered strategies on the structure and function of bacterial communities and their impact on GHG emissions during dairy manure aerobic composting. The succession of the bacterial communities tended to be consistent for similar aeration strategies.

Effects of biochar and volcanic rock addition on humification and microbial community during aerobic composting of cow manure.

Additives are important for accelerating humification during aerobic composting. The impacts of porous additives biochar and volcanic rock on the physicochemical parameters, maturity indicators, microbial communities, and bacterial functional metabolism during the aerobic composting of cow manure were investigated in this study. The results showed that the biochar addition decreased the E4/E6 value by 10.

Bohemian Knotweed Chrtek et Chrtková Seems Not to Rely Heavily on Allelopathy for Its Persistence in Invaded Sites in the Southwest Part of the Zagreb, Croatia.

Notorious invasive Bohemian knotweed Chrtek et Chrtková is a hybrid of two species, Houtt. and (F. S.

High oil content inhibits humification in food waste composting by affecting microbial community succession and organic matter degradation.

Composting is an effective technology to realize resource utilization of food waste in rural China. However, high oil content in food waste limits composting humification. This study investigated the effects of blended plant oil addition at different proportions (0, 10, 20, and 30%) on the humification of food waste composting.

Refined assessment and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions in high-energy intensive industrial sectors in China.

Carbon emissions from high-energy intensive industrial sectors are the focus of this study due to the huge energy consumption of these sectors. A refined carbon emission inventory of Chinese high-energy intensive industrial sectors in 2020 was first developed at the point source level. The results showed that coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) were the leading contributors to carbon emissions, followed by iron and steel smelting (ISS) and cement production (CMP).

Application of loofah and insects in a bio-trickling filter to relieve clogging.

Bio-trickling filters (BTFs) use an inert filler to purify pollutants making them prone to clogging due to bacterial accumulation. To investigate the performance of a non-inert filler in BTF and its cooperation with insects to relieve clogging, a vertical BTF was constructed with a loofah/Pall ring/polydimethylsiloxane composite filler and selected bacteria to purify toluene. The BTF was started up within 17 d and restarted within 3 d after starvation for 12-16 d.

Phytotoxicity of farm livestock manures in facultative heap composting using the seed germination index as indicator.

Static facultative heap composting of animal manure is widely used in China, but there is almost no systematic research on the phytotoxicity of the produced compost. Here, we evaluated the phytotoxic variation in compost produced by facultative heap composting of four types of animal manure (chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and cattle manure) using different plant seeds (cucumber, radish, Chinese cabbage, and oilseed rape) to determine germination index (GI). The key factors that affected GI values were identified, including the dynamics of the phytotoxicity and microbial community during heap composting.

Effects of carbon/nitrogen ratio and aeration rate on the sheep manure composting process and associated gaseous emissions.

There are several issues such as low maturity degree of compost product and severe pollution gas emissions during the composting process. Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio and aeration rate (AR) are the most important factors affecting the composting performance. According to the results of previous studies, the proper C/N ratio and AR were 20-30:1 and 0.

Novel insights from lignocellulosic waste to biogas through regulated dry-wet combined anaerobic digestion: Focusing on mining key microbes.

Dry-wet combined anaerobic digestion is a novel approach for treating lignocellulosic waste by increasing the organic load of reactor while accelerating the conversion of organic acids. Here, we investigated the effect of regulated substrate ratios and initial pH in the dry acidogenesis stage on the bioconversion efficiency of dry-wet combined anaerobic digestion. Our data revealed microbial interactions and further identified key microbes based on microbial co-occurrence network analysis.

Mechanisms of potentially toxic metal removal from biogas residues via vermicomposting revealed by synchrotron radiation-based spectromicroscopies.

Biogas residues (BR) contaminated with potentially toxic metals pose environmental risks to soils and food chains, and strategies are needed to decrease the concentration and bioavailability of potentially toxic metals in BR. Here, metal fractions and removal mechanisms were quantified by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared and micro X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopies on BR and earthworms subject to vermicomposting. Vermicomposting resulted in decreases in concentrations of potentially toxic metals in BR and increases in metal removal efficiencies due to uptake by earthworms.

Biodrying performance and combustion characteristics related to bulking agent amendments during kitchen waste biodrying.

Biodrying of kitchen waste amended with different bulking agents was carried out to evaluate performance, heat values and combustion characteristics. Results showed that adding bulking agents produced higher water removal rates of 55.6%-65.

Isotopic evidence of nitrate sources and its transformations in a human-impacted watershed.

The considerable spatial and temporal variabilities of nitrogen (N) processing introduce large uncertainties for quantifying N cycles on a large scale, particularly in plain river network regions with complicated hydrographic connections and mixed multiple N sources. In this paper, the dual isotopes δ15N and δ18O and dissolved anions in regularly collected samples (n = 10) from the studied river, which is one of the most seriously polluted rivers in the plain river network regions of the Taihu Lake catchment, were analyzed to ascertain the main nitrate (NO3-) sources and watershed N processing in the context of monsoon climate. The seasonal variations in precipitation, temperature, and hydrology play key roles in the regulation of the river NO3- concentration, NO3- sources, and watershed N processing.

Complete genome sequence provides insights into the biodrying-related microbial function of Bacillus thermoamylovorans isolated from sewage sludge biodrying material.

To enable the development of microbial agents and identify suitable candidate used for biodrying, the existence and function of Bacillus thermoamylovorans during sewage sludge biodrying merits investigation. This study isolated a strain of B. thermoamylovorans during sludge biodrying, submitted it for complete genome sequencing and analyzed its potential microbial functions.

Effect of biochar and humic acid on the copper, lead, and cadmium passivation during composting.

In this study, two different biochars (sawdust charcoal (SDC) and wheat straw charcoal (WSC)) and biological humic acid (BHA) were used with different addition rates in pig manure composting to illustrate the effect on heavy metals passivation. And the composts were applied to rape (Brassica campestris L.) growth to illustrate the stability of the passivation.

Effects of plant coverage on shrub fertile islands in the Upper Minjiang River Valley.

The patchy distribution of vegetation in dry land results in well-documented "fertile islands". However, the response of shrub fertile islands to plant recovery and the underlying mechanisms, such as the linkage plant and soil properties, remain unknown. We sampled soils from areas with three different plant coverages (25%, 45%, and 75%) and three of their adjacent inter-plants to investigate soil physicochemical and microbial properties in the upper Minjiang River arid valley.

Distribution of antibiotic resistance in the effluents of ten municipal wastewater treatment plants in China and the effect of treatment processes.

Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents represent an important contamination source of antibiotic resistance, threatening the ecological safety of receiving environments. In this study, the release of antibiotic resistance to sulfonamides and tetracyclines in the effluents of ten WWTPs in China was investigated. Results indicate that the concentrations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) ranged from 1.

Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and their potential removal by on-farm treatment processes in nine swine feedlots in Shandong Province, China.

This work investigated the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics in nine swine feedlots located in Shandong Province of China, and examined their potential removal by various on-farm treatment processes. Results indicate that the target ARGs were widely distributed in swine wastes, with mean relative abundances ranging from 3.3 × 10 (tetC) to 5.