Sulfur-vacancy engineering of CoS/TiCT-MXene catalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction.

Integrating conductive supports and modulating electronic structures are widely recognized as effective strategies for improving the catalytic performance of transition metal sulfides. This study demonstrates the simultaneous integration of CoS with two-dimensional TiCT-MXene and the introduction of sulfur vacancies (S) in CoS through a straightforward sintering process followed by plasma treatment, culminating in the formation of the CoS/TiCT composite. Characterization results demonstrate that the TiCT support significantly improves electrical conductivity and promotes the uniform dispersion of CoS nanoparticles.

In-Situ Grafting Strategy Enables Functional Separator for Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

A functional separator is developed by in-situ grafting nickel tetraaminophthalocyanine (NiTAPc) onto the surface of polypropylene (PP). It is applied to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides (PSs) in lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries. The characterization results showed that NiTAPc is highly dispersed and uniformly grafted onto PP separator.

Projectile Penetration into Calcareous Sand Subgrade Airport Runway Pavement with Genetic Algorithm Optimization.

As an important civil and military infrastructure, airport runway pavement is faced with threats from cluster munitions, since it is vulnerable to projectile impacts with internal explosions. Aiming at the damage assessment of an island airport runway pavement under impact, this work dealt with discrete modeling of rigid projectile penetration into concrete pavement and the calcareous sand subgrade multi-layer structure. First, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is introduced to model concrete and calcareous sand granular material features, like cohesive fracture and strain hardening due to compression, with mesoscale constitutive laws governing the normal and shear interactions between adjacent particles.

Elemental Sulfur/Selenium-Mediated Metal-Free Phosphinothioation and Phosphinoselenoation of Vinylsulfonium Salts with P-H Bonds.

An efficient and facile method has been developed for the construction of novel P-S-C and P-Se-C bonds by facilitating the three-component cross-coupling reaction of P-H bonds with elemental sulfur/selenium and vinylsulfonium salts, utilizing sodium bicarbonate as a base. This approach eliminates the need for the use of toxic and odorous active sulfur/selenium reagents and noble metals, thereby offering a new pathway for synthesizing -phosphinothioates and -phosphinoselenoates via the organic conversion of inorganic sources. The reaction has showcased remarkable versatility in terms of substrate applicability, particularly for organophosphorus compounds containing P-H bonds and vinylsulfonium salt derivatives.

Construction of an electrochemical sensor based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-zeolite imidazole framework-8 for detection of 3,4-benzopyrene.

A novel molecular-imprinted electrochemical sensor for 3,4-benzopyrene (3, 4-BaP) in food samples, with high sensitivity and selective detection, is introduced. Firstly, graphene oxide was modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by electroreduction deposition to form an RGO/GCE sensing platform, thereby enhancing the sensitivity and stability of the sensor. Then, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-zeolite imidazole framework-8 (MMIP-ZIF-8) was synthesized in one step using the crystal growth method and modified onto RGO/GCE, endowing the sensor with good adsorption capacity and selectivity.

Molecular networks via reduced reverse degree approach.

Porphyrazine and tetrakis porphyrazine are examples of organic compounds with complicated structures of rings. Physicists and chemical researchers have been interested in these structures because of their highly conjugated systems, which lead to peculiar optical and electrical characteristics. These structures are the fundamental components of molecular electronics, sensors, functional materials, and catalysis, among other scientific fields.

Construction of Se-doped carbon encapsulated CuSe yolk-shell structure for long-life rechargeable aluminum batteries.

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage applications owing to the abundance of their raw materials and high safety. However, achieving high energy density and long cycling life simultaneously holds great challenges for RABs, especially for high capacity transition metal selenide (TMS)-based positive materials suffering from structural collapse and dissolution in acidic ionic liquid electrolyte. Herein, Se-doped carbon encapsulated CuSe with yolk-shell structure (YS/Se-C@CuSe) is rationally constructed to address such issues.

N-Doped Carbon-Incorporated Cobalt-Iron Mixed-Metal Phosphide Nanoboxes as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

Optimizing the composition and structure of nanocatalysts is an efficient approach to achieving the top electrocatalytic performance. However, the construction of hollow nanocomposites composed of metal phosphides and highly conductive carbon to promote the electrocatalytic performance of metal phosphide-based catalysts is rarely reported. Herein, a CoFeP/C nanobox nanocomposite consisting of Co-Fe mixed-metal phosphides and N-doped carbon was successfully fabricated through an ion-exchange phosphidation strategy derived from ZIF-67 nanocubes.

Rotational photonic spin Hall effect.

Multidimensional manipulation of photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) has attracted considerable interest due to its potential in a wide variety of spin-based applications. Plenty of research efforts have been devoted to transverse or longitudinal spin-dependent splitting; however, the splitting pattern that can self-rotate in a three-dimensional (3-D) space appears to be missing in literature. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3-D rotational PSHE, which can be realized and tuned using well-designed Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurfaces.

Novel design of potent anti-tumour activity of IL-2 prodrug by FAPα-mediated activation.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a T cell growth factor that is essential for the proliferation of T cells and the generation of effector and memory cells. The antitumor activity of high-dose IL-2 therapy requires maintaining the affinity between IL-2 and IL2-Rα, which can also bring serious toxic side effects. To address this issue, we designed ZGP-Cysteamine-IL-2-K64C and (ZGP-Cysteamine)-IL-2-(K43C, K64C) based on the strategy of FAPα enzyme-activated prodrugs, and investigated their anti-tumour activity and side effects.

A green deep eutectic solvent-based aqueous two-phase system combined with chemometrics for flavonoids extracting and detecting in honey.

In this study, an eco-friendly and designable aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was developed using natural deep eutectic solvents (DES) and short-chain alcohols. The formation mechanism and influence of various factors on phase behavior were investigated. Optimal extraction parameters were determined through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM): 45 °C temperature, 45 % -propanol, 40 % DES, and 0.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Commercially Available Phosphite Antioxidants.

Phosphite antioxidants exhibit superior anti-aging and color-stabilizing properties when incorporated into polymer materials. Their synergistic antioxidative effects are particularly noteworthy when used in combination with hindered phenol antioxidants and other primary antioxidants, serving as effective secondary antioxidants, displaying noteworthy synergistic antioxidation effects. This review systematically classifies the synthetic methods for phosphite antioxidants into three distinct categories based on the types of starting materials: synthesis from phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus-containing esters, and white phosphorus.

A green extraction method based on aqueous two-phase system for trace-level enrichment of multi-residue pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine prior to HPLC-MS/MS quantitative analysis.

At present, the matrix interference in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still a great challenge for multi-residue pesticides analysis. Herein, an alcohol/salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on n-propanol and (NH)SO was developed by comparing the binodal curve phase diagrams and the extraction rates of pesticides. The specific extraction conditions, including the composition of the ATPS, temperature, pH, and extraction time were explored through single factor experiments, and subsequently optimized using orthogonal array design and response surface methodology.

Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of -Quinone Methides with Formamides: Activation of C(sp)-H Bonds.

A novel and straightforward method for the iron-catalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of -quinone methides (-QMs) with formamides has been developed, facilitated by the activation of the C(sp)-H bonds of the formyl and alkenyl substituents via a radical strategy. This method does not require the preactivation of the substrates, and it can accommodate a wide range of -QMs and formamides under the optimized reaction conditions, resulting in the formation of the expected C-7 acetamides-functionalized -quinone methides with moderate to good yields. The control experiments revealed that the reaction follows the fundamental equation of second-order kinetics.

Firing dynamics and coupling synchronization of memristive EMR-based Chaivlo neuron utilizing equivalent energy approach.

Firing dynamics and its energy property of neuron are crucial for exploring the mechanism of intricate information processing within the nervous system. However, the energy analysis of discrete neuron is significantly lacking in comparison to the vast literature and mature theory available on continuous neuron, thereby necessitating a focused effort in this underexplored realm. In this paper, we introduce a Chaivlo neuron map by employing a flux-controlled memristor to simulate electromagnetic radiation (EMR), and a detailed analysis of its firing dynamics is conducted based on an equivalent Hamiltonian energy approach.

Direct regeneration of LiFePO cathode by inherent impurities in spent lithium-ion batteries.

The direct regeneration method, recognized for its cost-effectiveness, has garnered considerable attentions in the field of battery recycling. In this study, a novel direct regeneration strategy is proposed to repair spent LiFePO (S-LFP) cathodes without the need for impurity removal. Instead, the residual conductive carbon and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in S-LFP are employed as inherent reductive agents.

Radical relay strategy for the construction of alkylsulfonated indolo[2,1-]isoquinoline-6(5)-ones SO insertion/Smiles rearrangement.

A new radical relay approach for the efficient construction of alkylsulfonated indolo[2,1-]isoquinoline-6(5)-ones in moderate to good yields under mild conditions SO insertion/Smiles rearrangement/intramolecular cyclization is developed. This approach utilizes 4-alkyl substituted Hantzsch esters as alkyl radical sources and further undergoes SO insertion to obtain alkylsulfonyl radical species, which avoids the use of unstable alkyl sulfonyl chlorides and highly toxic sulfonyl hydrazides. Additionally, this method for the direct assembly of alkylsulfonated polycyclic molecule skeletons displays high chemical selectivity, broad substrate scope, and step-economy.

Controlling and Tuning the Dispersion Properties of Calcined Kaolinite Particles in Various Organic Solvents via the Modification Method Using Triethoxyvinylsilane and 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid.

The surface of calcined kaolinite particles underwent chemical modification using Vinyltriethoxysilane (VTMS) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). The grafting ratio of VTMS on the calcined kaolinite surface was adjusted by varying its quantity. FT-IR analysis revealed the initial grafting of VTMS onto the kaolinite surface, resulting in the formation of a C=C reactive site on the surface.

AI-enabled sports-system peer-to-peer energy exchange network for remote areas in the digital economy.

In remote areas, particularly in developing countries, there is a growing interest in off-grid solar PV systems for their ability to provide clean and affordable electricity. However, these systems often face limitations in powering essential amenities, including sports facilities, due to restricted capabilities and inadequate battery storage. To address these challenges and promote energy independence, this paper proposes an AI-enabled sports-system peer-to-peer (P2P) energy exchange network within the digital economy.

Radical Cascade Cyclization of -(-Cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with Sulfonium Salts via Synergetic Photoredox and Copper Catalysis.

As the magic methyl effect is well acknowledged in pharmaceutical molecules, the development of simple and efficient methods for the installment of methyl groups on complex molecules is highly coveted. Hence, we provide a general strategy for radical cascade cyclization of -(-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides by utilizing sulfonium salts as the sources of methyl radical and merging photoredox and copper catalysis. This novel protocol can access a wide variety of methylation or remote thioether-substituted benzo-fused -heterocycle derivatives, which can be easily transformed into diverse highly valuable sulfone and sulfoximine compounds via late-stage diversification.

Photocatalytic radical cyclization of -(-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with oxime esters.

A visible-light-mediated radical cascade cyclization of -(-cyanobiaryl)acrylamides with oxime esters for the assembly of acyl-containing pyrido[4,3,2-]phenanthridines has been developed. The present protocol tolerates a wide range of oxime esters through a single reaction fragmentation, radical addition, nitrile insertion, and cyclization under mild conditions.

Strain engineering of CoNC catalyst toward enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction activity.

Developing efficient and cost-effective platinum-group metal-free (PGMF) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for energy conversion and storage devices. Among these catalysts, metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) materials, particularly cobalt single-atom catalysts (CoNC), show promise as ORR electrocatalysts. However, their ORR activity is often hindered by strong hydroxyl (OH) adsorption on the Co sites.