Aligned d-orbital energy level of dual-atom sites catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

The inherent scaling relationships between adsorption energies of oxygen-containing intermediates impose an intrinsic limitation on the maximum oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, which represents one of the bottlenecks for the practical application of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). To address this challenge, we align the 3dz orbital energy levels of Fe and Co to selectively customize the dissociative ORR pathway without the formation of OOH* intermediates, circumventing the conventional OH*-OOH* scaling relations. This rational design is achieved by atomic phosphorus(P) substitution, which not only optimizes orbital matching towards O-O cis-bridge adsorption, but also stabilizes the spontaneously adsorbed OH ligand as an electronic modifier.

Kai-Xin-San, an ancient herbal mixture for anti-depression, mitigates the fluoxetine-induced gut dysbiosis and intestinal damage in chronic unpredictable mild stressed mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the pathology of depression. The intestinal dysbiosis associated with prolonged use of antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, can adversely affect the efficacy of these medications. Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, has been utilized to treat mental disorders with a long history in China.

Vancomycin-sensitive gut microbiota mediate Dendrobii β-1,4-mannan degradation and anti-colitis activity in mice.

While Dendrobii β-1,4-mannan (DOP) shows promise in treating colitis, previous research only correlated changes in gut microbiota composition with DOP's effects, without elucidating the specific mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates DOP's bioactivities. This study addresses this crucial gap by demonstrating the essential role of vancomycin-sensitive gut bacteria in mediating the anti-colitis effects of DOP. Using targeted antibiotic perturbation, we found that vancomycin, but not neomycin, abolished both DOP degradation and its therapeutic effects in colitis mice.

Task-based fMRI brain activation in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: an ALE meta-analysis.

Two decades of task-based fMRI studies have revealed atypical task-related activation and hypoactivation patterns in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), implicating the impaired cognitive processing observed in these neurocognitive disorders. The current coordinate-based meta-analysis provides an updated picture of the pathophysiological neurocognitive mechanisms implicated in MCI and AD, which better controls for false positive findings. To pool and summarise these findings, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on 90 eligible studies (N = 2824) with cluster-level family-wise error correction to compare AD/MCI and healthy controls (HC) on fMRI activity during cognitive tasks across four different domains.

Zinc and metformin co-functionalized polyetheretherketone: A novel dental implant material tailored for the elderly.

Introduction: The rising demand for dental implants among the elderly population is challenged by age-related impairments in osteogenic regeneration, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling decline, ROS-mediated cellular senescence (compromising osteoblast differentiation), and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, TNF-α).

Synthesis of γ‑Lactams by Intermolecular (3 + 2) Annulation of Siloxy Alkynes and 3‑Aminooxetanes.

A silver-catalyzed intermolecular (3 + 2) annulation of siloxy alkynes and 3-aminooxetanes has been developed. This process provides mild and convenient access to useful γ-butyrolactams with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Mechanistically, intermolecular C-N bond formation likely precedes oxetane ring opening.

A Reaction-Diffusion Frame for Accessing Metabolic O Fluxes in Single Microalgal Cells with Low-Cost Wide-Field Imaging of Nanosensor Luminescence Lifetime.

In cells, many small molecules are membrane-permeant. This feature opens a road to analyze their flux of production or consumption by quantitatively interpreting the map of their extracellular concentration within a reaction-diffusion frame. Here, this approach is implemented with a new wide-field lifetime imaging protocol applied to single microalgae cells sparsely deposited on an agarose pad loaded with a luminescent dioxygen (O) nanosensor.

An eyecare foundation model for clinical assistance: a randomized controlled trial.

In the context of an increasing need for clinical assessments of foundation models, we developed EyeFM, a multimodal vision-language eyecare copilot, and conducted a multifaceted evaluation, including retrospective validations, multicountry efficacy validation as a clinical copilot and a double-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT). EyeFM was pretrained on 14.5 million ocular images from five imaging modalities paired with clinical texts from global, multiethnic datasets.

Divergent effects of mindsets on performance trajectories.

Recent initiatives worldwide have promoted the "growth mindset" to improve educational outcomes. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains controversial. This research presents novel perspectives by investigating the natural effects of growth mindsets on students' academic performance trajectories from university entrance to completion.

Secondary organic aerosol in urban China: A distinct chemical regime for air pollution studies.

In the past decades, China has witnessed high air pollution associated with rapid economic development, although regulatory efforts have alleviated the situation since 2013. Haze events characterized by high particulate matter (PM) levels in China are not only of enormous magnitude but also represent a distinct chemical regime. Once driven by direct emissions, these high-PM episodes are now more affected by secondary aerosol, especially secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

H2B.W2, a spermatocyte-specific histone variant, disrupts nucleosome stability, and reduces chromatin compaction.

Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that requires precise chromatin remodeling, which includes the incorporation of testis-specific histone variants. While several of these variants have been characterized, the role of H2B.W2, a member of the H2BW family, remains largely unclear.

Self-Driven, Stretchable Drug Delivery Electronics for Acne Treatment.

Acne is a common skin condition caused by the blockage of hair follicles, which is often associated with adolescents. Beyond physical discomfort and potential scarring, acne can also result in mental health issues including low self-esteem and anxiety. Among all available medical treatments, topical antibiotics are effective for acne treatment due to their rapid action, anti-inflammatory properties, minimal side effects, and accessibility.

Clinical guideline on the open arthrolysis for posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients.

Background: Posttraumatic elbow stiffness poses significant clinical challenges for upper limb surgeons and severely impairs patients' ability to perform essential daily activities, including eating, dressing, and personal hygiene, thereby imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Open arthrolysis is widely employed when conservative therapies fail, yet current literatures demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in treatment concepts, surgical techniques, and perioperative management. This evidence-based clinical practice guideline aims to standardize treatment profiles and improve surgical outcomes for open arthrolysis of posttraumatic elbow stiffness in adult patients globally.

Reactions of Tris(o-,-dimethylaminobenzyl)cerium(III) with Oxidizing Agents, Dichalcogenides, and a Thiophosphinic Amide Ligand.

Reactions of a cerium(III) o-,-dimethylaminobenzyl (DMAB) complex with oxidizing agents, dichalcogenides, and a thiophosphinic amide have been studied. Treatment of the reported homoleptic DMAB complex [Ce(DMAB)] () with Ag(OTs) (OTs = tosylate) and Ag(OTf) (OTf = triflate) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) afforded [Ce(DMAB)(μ-OTs)(thf)] () and [Ce(DMAB)(OTf)(thf)] (), respectively. Reactions of with CuI and CuCl led to isolation of [Ce(DMAB)I] () and [Cu(DMAB)], respectively.

Variable π-d orbital hybridization in 2D transition metal-organic frameworks.

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) have emerged as promising platforms for exploring novel quantum phenomena and tunable electronic functionalities. Here, we investigate π-d orbital hybridization in monolayer M(HAT) (M = Ni, Co, Fe; HAT = 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) frameworks by combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) characterization. Despite identical lattice geometries, the Ni-HAT framework exhibits a dispersive, gapless band structure, while the Co- and Fe-HAT frameworks display localized electronic states and semiconducting bandgaps.

HEP14-activated PKC-ERK1/2 pathway boosts HEP14-empowered hADSCs for ovarian regeneration and functional restoration.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and age-related natural-aging ovarian insufficiency (ARNA-OI) pose pressing global health challenges, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies and a deep understanding of their underlying mechanisms. This study investigates how HEP14, a PKC pathway activator, boosts the regenerative potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for ovarian regeneration. Transcriptome analysis reveals that HEP14 modulates gene expression profile in hADSCs, enhancing their regenerative capacity.

Substantial reductions in black carbon from both fossil fuels and biomass burning during China's Clean Air Action.

Black carbon (BC) aerosols exacerbate air pollution and climate warming, but their climatic impacts and sources are poorly constrained by bottom-up emission inventories (EIs). China's Clean Air Action (CAA), which was launched in 2013, provides an excellent opportunity for investigating interannual variations in source contributions and validate the accuracy of EIs. Here, we present an 11-y (2008-2018) record of the BC concentration and its source-diagnostic radiocarbon (C) and stable carbon isotope (C) signatures at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, South China.

Navigating the Electronic Grand Potential Surface with Analytical Nuclear Derivatives of Grand-Canonical Density-Functional Theory.

Despite the rich literature on Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) with grand-canonical density-functional theory (GC-DFT), the nuclear derivatives of GC-DFT have rarely been worked out systemically. In this work, we derive the analytical nuclear gradient and Hessian of GC-DFT. It is shown that the nuclear gradient of GC-DFT has a form similar to that of microcanonical (μC) DFT, which confirms the validity of the GC-BOMD results in literature.

Exploring innovations in antimicrobial protective mask filters: A review.

Mask filters are necessary for personal protection. The COVID-19 pandemic exemplified this need. Nonetheless, they can pose risk of transmission as captured microbes or respiratory droplets can remain viable on filters and propagate under ideal environmental conditions.

Aspects influencing methane emissions through the final cover soil of a landfill in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

Landfill final cover soils play a vital role in mitigating landfilled waste-derived methane emissions by functioning as barriers between the waste mass and the atmosphere. However, assessing their effectiveness, particularly in semi-arid climates, remains a challenge due to unique weather conditions. This study investigates the aspects influencing methane emissions through the final cover of a full-scale landfill cell (106 m × 118 m footprint, 18 m height) in the Brazilian semi-arid region during 450-480 days post-closure.

Shank3 oligomerization governs material properties of the postsynaptic density condensate and synaptic plasticity.

Cells contain numerous types of membraneless organelles or biological condensates formed via phase separation. Cellular biological condensates have broad material properties ranging from Newtonian fluids to elastic solids. How the material property of a biological condensate is regulated for cellular functions is poorly understood.

Exploring the role of surface micro-topography in governing dissolved nitrogen dynamics in agricultural runoff during rainfall.

Understanding the migration characteristics of dissolved nitrogen from farmlands to runoff during rainfall is essential for managing agricultural non-point source pollution. The effects of tillage-induced surface micro-topography on the migration dynamics of dissolved nitrogen from soils to runoff have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to investigate the export pathways, loads, and composition characteristics of dissolved nitrogen, including NO-N, NH-N, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON).

Ultra-Thin Lead Sulfide Capping for Stabilizing Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.

Addressing the inherent instability of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), a facile approach is introduced to simultaneously enhance their stability and performance. This study demonstrates the implementation of an ultra-thin (≈3 nm) dual-functional lead sulfide (PbS) capping layer, formed via a sequential deposition. This PbS layer serves a critical dual role: first, as a robust protective barrier against oxidation and moisture, effectively mitigating the degradation of the underlying tin-based perovskite; and second, by improving interfacial electronic properties to facilitate efficient charge extraction.

Mixed-Solvent Crystallization Expands the Chemical Space of 2D Perovskites and Enables Phonon-Limited Exciton Transport.

The advancement of two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite optoelectronics relies on synthetic methods that enable new material discovery and the growth of high-quality crystals with a low defect density. Despite the vast chemical space of potential organic cations, many remain incompatible with conventional aqueous solution synthesis, which leads to thermodynamically stable non-2D-perovskite structures or introduces chemical reactivity issues. Here, we present a room-temperature evaporation-induced crystallization approach using a mixed organic-aqueous solvent system for the exploratory synthesis of 2D perovskites.

A colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe for visualization of lysosomal pH fluctuation.

Lysosomal pH is important for regulating various physiological processes, and slight fluctuations in lysosomal pH can induce many adverse effects on cellular status, such as inflammation, aging, and tumours. Heat stroke is one of the most serious causes of morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between heat shock and lysosomal pH values is still poorly understood.