Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Age at First Hospitalization for Heart Failure.

Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) varies across racial and ethnic groups.

Objectives: This study characterized the age at first HF hospitalization across racial and ethnic groups and determined the relative contribution of social risk factors to these differences.

Methods: Patients hospitalized in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF, 2016-2019) registry with no prior HF diagnosis were included.

Kai-Xin-San, an ancient herbal mixture for anti-depression, mitigates the fluoxetine-induced gut dysbiosis and intestinal damage in chronic unpredictable mild stressed mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the pathology of depression. The intestinal dysbiosis associated with prolonged use of antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, can adversely affect the efficacy of these medications. Kai-Xin-San (KXS), a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, has been utilized to treat mental disorders with a long history in China.

Association of Cardiovascular Health and Time Lived With Zero Coronary Artery Calcium.

Background: Zero coronary artery calcium (CAC) is robustly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Factors associated with greater time lived with zero CAC are not well understood.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) and time lived with zero CAC.

Feasibility of the Implementation of Tools for Heart Failure Risk Prediction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: The 2022 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association heart failure (HF) guidelines recommended the use of multivariable risk equations to guide HF prevention. However, this strategy has not been prospectively assessed.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of risk-based prevention of HF.

Plasma proteomic analysis of intermuscular fat links muscle integrity with processing speed in older adults.

Introduction: More intermuscular fat (IMF) has been associated with lower cognitive performance through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated.

Methods: The associations of 7628 plasma proteins with IMF were assessed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 941, mean age = 66.7 ± 15.

Integrated multi-omics uncover viruses, active fermenting microbes and their metabolic profiles in the Daqu microbiome.

The coexistence and coevolution of viruses and fermenting microbes have a significant impact on the structure and function of microbial communities. Although the presence of viruses in Daqu, the fermentation starter for Chinese Baijiu, has been documented, their specific effects on the community composition and metabolic functions of low, medium, and high-temperature Daqu remain unclear. In this study, we employed multi-omics technology to explore the distribution of viruses and active bacteria and fungi in various Daqu and their potential metabolic roles.

Prepregnancy Adiposity, Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Midlife.

Background: Prepregnancy obesity is a key modifiable risk factor for both adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, whether APOs represent a marker or mediator between body mass index (BMI) and CVD risk is unclear.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the extent to which the association between prepregnancy BMI and CVD risk factors in midlife is mediated by APOs.

Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among Asian Individuals With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the U.S., 2016-2021.

Objective: The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) differs among race and ethnic groups with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Heterogeneity in APOs may be masked by aggregating these groups. We assessed whether the frequency and risk of APOs differed among Asian groups with GDM.

Molecular architecture of human atherosclerosis revealed through integrative human genetics.

Current genetic discovery methods are largely restricted to profiling circulating molecules or genetic architecture, limited in use of tissue-based molecular genetics to identify pathogenic and therapeutic targets. Here, we leverage a multi-level genetic discovery platform integrating population-level proteomics with functional genomic analyses based on human coronary artery tissue to reveal determinants of coronary disease susceptibility. Using aptamer-based proteomics (~7,000 aptamers) across ~3,000 individuals, we first identified the circulating proteome of prevalent and incident coronary artery calcium (CAC), a sensitive marker of subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD), with causal implication in calcified plaque formation or disease phenotypes via parallel genetic approaches (Mendelian randomization, MR) and proteome-wide association (PWAS).

Plasma proteomic analysis of intermuscular fat links muscle integrity with processing speed in older adults.

Introduction: More intermuscular fat (IMF) has been associated with lower cognitive performance and faster age-associated decline in cognitive function however, the mechanisms driving this relationship have not been fully elucidated. We utilized proteomic analyses to identify the molecular mediators of the association between IMF and cognition to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying this association.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the plasma proteomic profile of IMF was assessed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA; n=941, age=66.

Association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and Life's Essential 8 in early pregnancy.

We examined whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage per the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was associated with maternal cardiovascular health (CVH) in early pregnancy per the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 (LE8). This is a cross-sectional analysis from the prospective Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study-Monitoring Mothers-to-Be Heart Health Study (nuMoM2b-HHS) cohort. The exposure was the ADI in tertiles (T) from least (T1) to most (T3) socioeconomic disadvantage.

Predictive value of dendritic cell-related genes for prognosis and immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) receiving drug treatment often have an unpredictive response and there is a lack of effective methods to predict treatment outcome for patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment and the DCs-related gene signature may be used to predict treatment outcome. Here, we screened for DC-related genes to construct a prognostic signature to predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy in LUAD patients.

Determinants of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Early Pregnancy.

Background: Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. To guide public health efforts to reduce disparities in maternal CVH, we determined the contribution of individual- and neighborhood-level factors to racial and ethnic differences in early pregnancy CVH.

Methods: We included nulliparous individuals with singleton pregnancies who self-identified as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), or non-Hispanic White (NHW) and participated in the nuMoM2b cohort study (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be).

Initial abiotic factors as key drivers in core microbe assembly: Regulatory effects on flavor profiles in light-flavor .

Instability in initial abiotic factors of open solid-state fermentation systems can significantly alter 's flavor profile, but the mechanisms governing microbial interactions and flavor formation remain unclear. This study comprehensively monitored changes in abiotic factors, microbial communities, and flavor profiles across two distinct fermentation processes in a distillery, which differed significantly in their management of initial abiotic factors. Our results revealed significant differences in abiotic factors between the two groups, including moisture, ethanol, acidity, glucose, and organic acid levels.

Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Glucose Levels Across Birth Cohorts in the US.

Importance: Population mean levels of total cholesterol and fasting triglycerides have decreased substantially in the US in recent decades, but improvements in cardiometabolic health may have slowed among younger cohorts. Conversely, prevalence of diabetes (types 1 and 2) and obesity has increased, especially among adults younger than 65 years. It is unclear how trends in cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels have changed across different birth cohorts and whether adverse trends in obesity are associated with these patterns.

Proteomic Risk Score of Increased Respiratory Susceptibility: A Multi-Cohort Study.

Rationale: Accelerated decline in lung function is associated with incident COPD, hospitalizations and death. However, identifying this trajectory with longitudinal spirometry measurements is challenging in clinical practice.

Objective: To determine whether a proteomic risk score trained on accelerated decline in lung function can assess risk of future respiratory disease and mortality.

Myocardial Infarction Quality of Care and Outcomes in Asian Ethnic Groups in the United States.

Background: National-level differences in myocardial infarction (MI) quality of care among Asian patients in the United States are unclear. We assessed the quality of MI care in the 6 largest US Asian ethnic groups.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with ST-segment-elevation MI or non-ST-segment-elevation MI in the Get With The Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease registry (711 US hospitals, 2015-2021) were assessed.

Imaging diagnostics of pulmonary ground-glass nodules: a narrative review with current status and future directions.

Background And Objective: The incidence rate of lung cancer, which also has the highest mortality rates for both men and women worldwide, is increasing globally. Due to advancements in imaging technology and the growing inclination of individuals to undergo screening, the detection rate of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) has surged rapidly. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) methods for data analysis and interpretation, image processing, illness diagnosis, and lesion prediction offer a novel perspective on the diagnosis of GGNs.

Microbial interactions in mixed-species biofilms on the surfaces of Baijiu brewing environments.

Environmental microorganisms commonly inhabit dense multispecies biofilms, fostering mutualistic relationships and co-evolution. However, the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and microbial interactions within the Baijiu fermentation microecosystem remain poorly understood. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the composition, structure, and interactions of microorganisms residing in biofilms on environmental surfaces in Baijiu production.