Fully dissolved glucose-responsive insulin delivery system based on a self-immolative insulin prodrug and glucose oxidase.

Among various treatment options for diabetes, insulin therapy remains an important approach, but it inevitably carries the risk of hypoglycaemia, particularly due to dosing errors or unexpected glucose fluctuations. To address this challenge, glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems that release insulin based on blood glucose levels have emerged as a promising solution. In this study, we developed a fully dissolved glucose-responsive insulin delivery system using -borono-phenylmethoxycarbonyl-modified insulin aspart (BPmoc-Ins-Asp) and glucose oxidase (GOx).

 (Boraginaceae), a new species from Henan, China.

, a new species from the Muzhaling Scenic Area in Henan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to and but differs from the former in the size of the basal leaves, calyx size, color and size of the corolla, and length of the style; and from the latter in cauline petiole length, calyx size, color and size of the corolla, stamen insertion, filament length, and style length. Additionally, the conservation status and other pertinent notes are provided.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, and Acheilognathinae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis.

In this study, the mitochondrial genome data of were subjected to a multigene tandem method to elucidate its taxonomic status. The total length of the mitochondrial genome was determined to be 16,779 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and the D-loop region. Overall, there was a strong AT bias and anti-G bias; different protein-coding genes exhibited different degrees of codon preference.

Multi-enzyme reaction inspired photocatalysis for solar-driven CO reduction to ethane.

Photocatalytic CO reduction for the production of multicarbon products has emerged as a green and sustainable technology, which shows great potential and cost-effectiveness. However, photocatalytic synthesis of two-carbon (C) compounds is quite challenging due to the high activation barrier of the C-C coupling reaction and low content of intermediates. Herein, inspired by the tandem synthesis in multi-enzyme reactions, Cu-N and Mo-N active sites have been designed and integrated in CuPor-POP-Mo as cascade dual metal sites for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO to ethane (CH) for the first time.

Recent advances in self-immobilizing fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging.

In situ precise detection of bioactive molecules with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution is essential for studying physiological events and disease diagnosis. The utilization of versatile fluorescent probes in fluorescence imaging offers a powerful tool for in vivo imaging of biomarkers closely associated with pathological conditions. However, the dynamic behavior leading to rapid clearance of small molecule probes from regions of interest severely compromises their potential for precise imaging.

White Light Orchestrates Mycoparasitic and Infection Activities by Regulating Expression of Effectors in .

The fungal developmental processes are orchestrated by white light. Despite the genome assembly of being available, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the white light-mediated developments of remain obscure. It was found that white light impaired mycoparasitic activities against the wheat powdery mildew fungus and infection processes on tomato fruits in .

Two Strategies for Researching the Endangered Yangtze Finless Porpoises Suggest Data-Poor Areas Are Worthy of Greater Conservation Efforts.

The distribution and abundance of species are crucial components of their population ecology and serve as the foundation for effective conservation efforts. However, baseline data may be insufficient in areas where surveys have been inadequately conducted, complicating the implementation of protective measures. In this study, we employed two complementary approaches to gather baseline information on the endangered Yangtze finless porpoise in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River.

A versatile NIR probe for multifunctional detection of tumors, fatty liver, and liver injury.

Abnormal viscosity, reduced pH, and elevated levels of superoxide anion (O˙) in living cells are often associated with various biological dysfunctions and oxidative stress. Although some studies have reported probes capable of detecting one or two of these biomarkers, achieving simultaneous, rapid, and convenient detection of all three remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a rhodamine based probe, DM301, which selectively activates fluorescence in three distinct channels in response to pH, viscosity, and O˙ respectively.

Recent exploration of inorganic sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy of tumors.

With the rapid development of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology, various therapeutic methods have been applied with good efficacy and biological safety. As a non-invasive treatment method, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can effectively treat deep tumors with less damage to the surrounding tissue and high adaptability. The ultrasound sensitizer is an indispensable and important part of the SDT process, and its structure and properties directly determine the therapeutic effect of SDT.

WO/NbCT MXene 2D-2D heterojunction as a high performance photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting plays a key role in the production of green hydrogen, which is a sustainable energy source and non-exploitative to the environment. Therefore, the development of efficient photocatalysts is essential for enabling green hydrogen generation. In this work, the synergistic effect between tungsten oxide (WO) and NbCT (MXene) was explored for PEC water oxidation, and a composite catalyst was prepared using a hydrothermal and sonication approach to obtain a 2D/2D WO/NbCT heterojunction.

A BODIPY-tagged trivalent glycocluster for receptor-targeting fluorescence imaging of live cells.

Multivalent glycoclusters have been extensively used as a targeting agent for drug delivery. However, tools capable of investigating their dynamic interactions with a target receptor remain elusive. Here, we synthesized fluorescently-tagged galactoclusters for the fluorescence imaging of cells that overly express the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr).

An optimized CYP3A4-activatable fluorogenic sensor for functional imaging and multi-dimensional inhibitor assessment.

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), one of the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes, plays a pivotal role in the oxidative metabolism of a wide range of non-polar xenobiotics and endogenous substances. Deciphering the dynamic changes in CYP3A4 activity under specific physiological or pathological conditions, as well as assessing the modulatory effects of therapeutic agents on CYP3A4, requires highly-efficient and reliable tools for sensing CYP3A4 activity within complex biological matrices. Herein, an integrated strategy was adopted for developing an optimized CYP3A4-activatable fluorogenic sensor that enables detection of CYP3A4 activity in living systems without the interference of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), integrating computer-aided substrate design, drug-likeness filtering, and biochemical assays.

Precise construction of spiro stereocenters enantioselective radical addition through modulating photocatalysis from redox to energy transfer.

Chiral hydrogen-bonding catalysis has been successfully applied in a wide range of asymmetric photocatalytic radical-based reactions. However, it faces intrinsic challenges in the reactions that rely on oxidative quenching to initiate transformations. A critical issue arises from the formation of anionic side intermediates, which preferentially interact with protons from chiral catalysts, undermining the essential enantiocontrol required for effective product formation.

Tandem reaction-powered near-infrared fluorescent molecular reporter for real-time imaging of lung diseases.

Diabetes and its complications have drawn growing research attention due to their detrimental effects on human health. Although optical probes have been used to help understand many aspects of diabetes, the lung diseases caused by diabetes remain unclear and have rarely been explored. Herein, a tandem-reaction (TR) strategy is proposed based on the adjacent diol esterification-crosslinking reaction and the nicotinamide reduction reaction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to design a lung-targeting near-infrared (NIR) small molecule probe (NBON) for accurate imaging of diabetic lung diseases.

Post-coordination of Ru(ii) controlled regioselective B(4)-H acylmethylation of -carboranes with sulfoxonium ylides.

Despite significant progress in the B-H functionalization of carboranes, the development of cost-effective catalytic systems devoid of noble metals, coupled with mechanistic validation of regioselectivity control, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we disclose an Ag salt-free, redox-neutral, and inexpensive ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed protocol that enables exclusive B(4)-H acylmethylation of -carboranes through a novel post-coordination strategy. By exploiting weakly coordinating carboxylic acid as a traceless directing group, this method achieves excellent mono-site selectivity for B-C(sp) bond formation using diverse sulfoxonium ylides, demonstrating both functional group tolerance and synthetic scalability.

Enhancing fluorescent probe design through multilayer interaction convolutional networks: advancing biosensing and bioimaging precision.

Fluorescent probes are pivotal in biosensing and bioimaging, necessitating precise spectral tailoring for high-performance applications. Despite their importance, probe design remains largely empirical, a process that is both time-consuming and laborious. To streamline this, we created a comprehensive dataset of over 600 rhodamine fluorescent probes and employed a multilayer interaction convolutional model (MICNet) trained on molecular fingerprints to accurately predict excitation and emission wavelengths.

Pyridine--oxide catalyzed asymmetric -acylative desymmetrization of sulfonimidamides.

A highly efficient enantioselective -acylative desymmetrization of sulfonimidamides with chloroformates was reported using chiral 4-arylpyridine--oxide as the catalyst, affording -acylative sulfonimidamides with sulfur(vi)-stereocenters in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Experiments and DFT calculations support an acyl transfer mechanism, and the nucleophilic substitution of sulfonimidamide by the -acyloxypyridinium cation intermediate is the enantio-determining step of the reaction. The reaction features variability for acyloxy groups and compatibility with moisture.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Manganese Content in Bread Wheat ( L.) Under Four Environments.

Microelements play important roles to maintain the normal metabolism of the human body, and deficiency of microelements always leads to a serious diseases. Manganese (Mn) is an essential microelement for the human body. However, the mechanism for regulating grain Manganese (Mn) content (GMnC) in wheat is rarely studied.

Two new species of freshwater planarian from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula, southern China (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae).

Two new species of the genus from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula are described by applying an integrative approach, including morphological, karyological, histological, and molecular information. In the molecular phylogenetic tree, the two new species, Chen & Dong, and Chen & Dong, , fall into an Eastern Palearctic/Oriental clade and an Oriental/Australasian clade, respectively, while sharing only a rather distant relationship. The separate specific status of the two new species is supported also by their genetic distances.

FeOHSO@C Cathode with Low Strain and High Pseudocapacitance for Advanced Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Iron-based polyanionic cathode materials in potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have appealed to an increasing number of interest due to these advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and excellent structural stability. However, these inherent drawbacks of inferior electronic conductivity and terrible nanostructural stability hinder its practical application. Here, we report a novel low-strain iron-based polyanion-type cathode material FeOHSO@C for KIBs.

Ultra-low concentration ether electrolytes with strong Coulomb interactions for high-voltage lithium metal batteries.

The advancement of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) necessitates the development of novel electrolytes capable of withstanding high voltages. Ether-based electrolytes, while compatible with lithium metal anodes (LMAs), face limitations in high-voltage stability. Traditional design strategies with high concentration enhance the high-voltage stability of electrolytes by consuming free solvents to prevent their decomposition but face high-cost issues.

Unraveling the effect of alkali cations on Fe single atom catalysts with high coordination numbers.

Fe single atom catalysts (SACs) with high coordination numbers have emerged as high-performance catalysts for the conversion of CO to CO. However, the influence of alkali cations at the catalyst-electrolyte interface has not yet been understood clearly. Here, we investigate the role of various alkali metal cations (Na, K, Rb) in catalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) behavior on high coordination number Fe SACs (FeN and FeN) obtained from a facile hard template method.

Photo-induced dehalogenative deuteration and elimination of alkyl halides enabled by phosphine-mediated halogen-atom transfer.

Dehalogenative deuteration of organic halides is an efficient and straightforward method for incorporating deuterium atoms at specific locations within target molecules. However, utilizing organic halides in photoredox chemistry, particularly unactivated alkyl halides, presents challenges due to their low reduction potentials. In this work, we present a general and effective photoinduced dehalogenative deuteration method for a diverse array of alkyl halides, employing DO as an economical source of deuterium.

Asymmetric copper-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes to access -chiral 2-azaaryl-ethylphosphine oxides.

We report a cost-effective approach for the enantioselective hydrophosphinylation of ethynylazaarenes utilizing a chiral copper catalytic platform. This strategy efficiently converts racemic secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) into -chiral tertiary phosphine oxides (TPOs) bearing functionalized olefin substituents with azaarene moieties, achieving high yields and exceptional enantioselectivities. These adducts serve as crucial intermediates in the development of valuable chiral 1,5-hybrid ,-ligands.

Construction of crosstalk-free multi-functional phototherapeutic agents.

Phototherapeutic diagnostics has attracted ever increasing interest due to its substantial promise within conventional cancer therapeutic paradigms. Consequently, the development of multi-functional phototherapeutic agents targeting specific organelles to uncover the close association of specific organelles with apoptotic signaling pathways is particularly appealing yet difficult to achieve. Here, we propose the concept of a crosstalk-free multi-functional phototherapeutic agent.