Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Chinese Adult Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy: Systematic Evaluation of Published Pharmacokinetic Models and Dosing Regimen Simulations.

Objectives: The pharmacokinetics of renally cleared vancomycin are significantly altered in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT), affecting the achievement of therapeutic targets. We evaluated the predictive performance of RRT patient-based PopPK models for model-informed precision dosing and subsequently simulated optimal dosing regimens for this population.

Methods: Six adult PopPK models were systematically identified and evaluated using a dataset of 226 concentrations from 23 adult patients on RRT from two study centers.

DMBT1 promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection and its SRCR-derived peptide inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection.

DMBT1 is a large scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) B protein that has been reported as a tumor suppressor gene and a co-receptor for HIV-1 infection. Here we found DMBT1 is a major mucosal protein bound to SARS-CoV-2. Overexpression of DMBT1 in 293T cells may enhanced infection by SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2 dependent manner.

KPNA2 Expression as a Biomarker for Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Predicting Response to TKI and Immunotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Immunotherapy (IO) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are now first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), though reliable predictive biomarkers remain elusive. Recent evidence demonstrates that karyopherin α2 subunit (KPNA2), a nuclear transport regulator, plays key roles in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance.

Methods: Two cohorts were analyzed: an institutional cohort of metastatic RCC patients (ZS-MRCC) and the phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial cohort.

Sex differences in social anxiety: A longitudinal serial mediation via perceived stress and resilience among adolescents in China.

Background: Adolescent social anxiety is consequential. There is a substantial sex difference in the prevalence. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are almost unknown; no longitudinal studies have investigated this topic.

Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4)-targeting fluorescent probes for precision intraoperative visualization of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: This study aims to develop and validate a novel ACSL4-targeted fluorescent probe to enhance intraoperative visualization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), emphasizing its binding affinity, specificity, and clinical applicability.

Methods: Transcriptomic sequencing data from TCGA, ICGC, CPTAC, and GSE25097 were analyzed to establish ACSL4 as a viable target for tumor visualization. An ACSL4-specific binding peptide (ABP) was identified using a combination of in vivo and in vitro phage display screening.

Blue light pollution induces dry eye by damaging conjunctival stem cells through cAMP-PKA-Pax6 signaling pathway.

Purpose: Blue light exposure constitutes a risk factor for dry eye. The research explores the influence of conjunctival stem cells (CjSCs) by blue light, elucidating the pathogenesis of blue light-induced dry eye.

Materials And Methods: Primary SD rat CjSCs and rats were irradiated with blue light at 460 nm.

Consensus statement on the multidisciplinary treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors in China.

Introduction: This study aims to establish a multidisciplinary consensus on the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China, with a particular focus on the guidelines for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to ensure scientific and rational treatment protocols.

Methods: The consensus was formulated based on the 'guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC (2024 edition)' issued by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology. The Delphi method was used to collect and consolidate expert opinions.

Surgical resection of Wernicke's area brain arteriovenous malformation via posterior Sylvian fissure: Two-dimensional video.

The brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) within language-eloquent area poses a significant surgical challenge, demanding meticulous planning to ensure both preservation of language function and curative resection. This report details the successful microsurgical resection of a Spetzler-Martin grade II BAVM located in Wernicke's area in a 51-year-old male, ruptured three weeks ago and characterized by mild anomia. Following thorough discussion, the patient elected for microsurgery, providing informed consent, and the procedure was approved by the ethics committee.

Efficacy and safety of intranasal corticosteroids combined with mucoactive drugs for chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) leads to a burden in life and economy. Better therapies need to be explored.

Objective: This stage I study aims to explore the efficacy and safety of intranasal corticosteroids combined with mucoactive drugs for CRS.

Alterations in EEG functional connectivity in preterm infants: A systematic review.

Objective: To synthesise current evidence on electroencephalography-based functional connectivity in preterm infants and clarify how prematurity alters early brain-network maturation.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided search (PubMed and Web of Science, inception-Mar 2025) identified 24 studies that quantified resting-state functional connectivity or graph-theory metrics in infants born <37 weeks' gestation. Study quality was rated with a six-item electroencephalography-functional connectivity checklist (reference montage, epoch length/number, artefact rejection, volume-conduction control, multiple-comparison correction).

Molecular landscape and clinical correlates of olfactory groove meningiomas: a multi-institutional study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical and radiological characteristics of olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) and their molecular profiles.

Methods: The authors performed targeted next-generation and whole-genome sequencing in 123 OGM samples collected from 4 international institutions, focusing on known meningioma-driver genes. They compared the molecular data with the clinical and radiographic features of the tumors.

Design and Fabrication of Microsphere-Based Micro/Nano Structures for Efficient Electromagnetic Modulation and Absorption.

The development of high-performance electromagnetic (EM) absorption materials is pivotal in addressing EM pollution. Such absorption materials enable flexible modulation of EM performance, which has become an important focal point of recent research. Among various EM absorption materials, microsphere-based micro/nano materials exhibit extremely high stability and remarkable attributes for modulating their EM performance.

Machine learning- and multilayer molecular network-assisted screening hunts fentanyl compounds.

Fentanyl and its analogs are a global concern, making their accurate identification essential for public health. Here, we introduce Fentanyl-Hunter, a screening platform that uses a machine learning classifier and multilayer molecular network to select and annotate fentanyl compounds using mass spectrometry (MS). Our classification model, based on 772 fentanyl spectra and spectral binning feature engineering, achieved an score of 0.

Utilizing Causal Network Markers to Identify Tipping Points ahead of Critical Transition.

Early-warning signals of delicate design are used to predict critical transitions in complex systems, which makes it possible to render the systems far away from the catastrophic state by introducing timely interventions. Traditional signals including the dynamical network biomarker (DNB), based on statistical properties such as variance and autocorrelation of nodal dynamics, overlook directional interactions and thus have limitations in capturing underlying mechanisms and simultaneously sustaining robustness against noise perturbations. This study therefore introduces a framework of causal network markers (CNMs) by incorporating causality indicators, which reflect the directional influence between variables.

Theaflavins Inhibit Proliferation and Glycolysis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Downregulating DDIT4.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy often characterized by metastasis and poor prognosis. This study attempts to ascertain the anticancer impacts of theaflavin (TF) on CRC cells and examine the fundamental molecular mechanisms, focusing on the function of DDIT4 in CRC progression. This study utilized RNA sequencing for gene expression profiling, differential expression analysis, and Venn diagram analysis for overlapping genes.

BHLHE40 Cooperates with GATA2/3 to Control Human Syncytiotrophoblast Lineage Differentiation.

Syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) constitute one of the core components of the placenta, responsible for synthesizing pregnancy-sustaining hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Deficient syncytialization of cytotrophoblasts affects the hormonal secretion and placental development, contributing to pregnancy-associated disorders, including spontaneous miscarriage. To date, the molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of transcription factors (TFs), in STB lineage specification remain incompletely understood.

Xiaoke Decoction Inhibits COX-2-Mediated LDLr Pathway Dysfunction and Protects Renal Function in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats.

Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine exhibits positive therapeutic effects as a primary or adjunctive treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to evaluate the impact and mechanism of action of Xiaoke decoction (XKD), a traditional Chinese medicine, on renal function in DN rats.

Methods: A rat model of DN was established, and the rats were divided into five groups (n = 7 per group): normal control group (NC), DN model group (DN), low-dose XKD treatment group (DN + XKD-L, 1.

Engineered Substrate-Free Small Molecules for Enhanced Raman Scattering and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency.

Raman spectroscopy with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) through metal substrates is a highly precise bioimaging technique. Alternatively, recently discovered small molecules to enhance the Raman signal intensities through their self-stacking, termed stacking-induced intermolecular charge transfer-enhanced Raman scattering (SICTERS), offer ultrasensitive in vivo Raman imaging free of substrates. Molecular engineering to increase the SICTERS intensity and to tune photothermal conversion efficiency of these molecules is critical for furthering their biomedical application but not yet feasible.

A fatal pediatric case of meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by emm12 Streptococcus pyogenes strain in Jiangsu, China, 2024.

A 23-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital with onset of fever and paroxysmal cough but progressed to death on Day 9. Streptococcus pyogenes was positive in cerebrospinal fluid and blood by next-generation sequencing, and was cultured from sputum. The isolate was resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline.

Predictors for Achieving Textbook Outcomes After Endoscopic Resection of Giant Submucosal Tumors in the Esophagus and Cardia.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic resection for submucosal tumors (SMTs) in the esophagus and cardia is challenging with hazards of adverse events and the exploration of its achieving textbook outcome (TO) was unknown. We aim to investigate the predictors of TO for giant SMTs with a long diameter ≥ 7 cm or a transverse diameter ≥ 3.5 cm.

Dual Targeting of TLR9 and cGAS-STING Pathways Attenuates Astrocyte Inflammatory Activation: Potential Implication in Multiple Sclerosis.

This study aims to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), a deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) sensor, in astrocyte activation and its contribution to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Additionally, we examined whether TLR9 and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathways act synergistically to promote astrocyte inflammatory activation and whether combined inhibition of both pathways offers superior protective effects. Human astrocytes were treated with unmethylated Cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides at varying concentrations.

COG6 is an essential host factor for influenza A virus infection.

Influenza A virus (IAV) relies on the host cellular machinery to support its replication. Understanding these host dependencies can inform the development of novel antiviral strategies. In this study, we identified conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 6 (COG6) as a novel host factor critical for IAV replication through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) knockout screen.

Hands-on Distance Simulation of Technical Skills: A Systematic Review.

Distance simulation in health care has advanced rapidly, offering potential to reduce geographical barriers, costs, and carbon emissions while increasing global access to medical education. This systematic review evaluated hands-on technical skills training via distance simulation compared to traditional on-site training. Following PRISMA guidelines, 104 studies were analyzed.

Synergetic Electrolyte Chemistry Enables Flame-Retardancy, K-Desolvation, Anti-Corrosion and Wide-Temperature-Tolerance in Potassium-Ion Batteries.

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as an appealing, sustainable and cost-effective candidate for grid-scale energy storage due to abundant K resources and reversible K de/intercalation in graphite anodes (KC, 279 mAh g). However, their practical operation suffers from sluggish kinetics and severe capacity deterioration in traditional carbonate electrolytes. Herein, ethoxy (pentafluoro) cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) and methyl (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (FEMC) are introduced as cosolvents to rejuvenate conventionally low-concentration (1 M) 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)-based electrolytes.

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibodies Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab (AZD7442) in a China Phase 2 Study and Evaluation of Asian Race Effect.

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and impact of race of pharmacokinetics on monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab and cilgavimab (AZD7442) were assessed in Chinese adult participants in a Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In total, 272 participants were randomized 3:1 to a single intravenous dose of 600 mg AZD7442 or placebo and followed for 451 days. Mean participant age was 34.