Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Chinese Adult Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy: Systematic Evaluation of Published Pharmacokinetic Models and Dosing Regimen Simulations.

Objectives: The pharmacokinetics of renally cleared vancomycin are significantly altered in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT), affecting the achievement of therapeutic targets. We evaluated the predictive performance of RRT patient-based PopPK models for model-informed precision dosing and subsequently simulated optimal dosing regimens for this population.

Methods: Six adult PopPK models were systematically identified and evaluated using a dataset of 226 concentrations from 23 adult patients on RRT from two study centers.

Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Enhancement Promotes Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer via Inhibition of Apoptosis Mediated by Upregulation of PRRX1.

Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant health burden for men, with docetaxel constituting the primary therapeutic option for patients with metastatic PCa. However, the mechanisms governing docetaxel resistance remain incompletely understood. Several studies have implicated the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness in cancer drug resistance, yet the precise role of ECM stiffness in docetaxel resistance in PCa remains elusive.

NDUFS1 upregulates ENaCα by NAD+ to promote alveolar fluid clearance in acute lung injury.

Alveolar edema and following respiratory distress results in the aggravation of epithelial damage and the progression of acute lung injury (ALI), however, with unclear molecular mechanism remained to be elucidated. Through proteomic screening and scRNA-seq mining analysis, we detected the decline expression of NDUFS1 in epithelial cells in lungs from paraquat/LPS-induced ALI models. NDUFS1 deficiency in alveolar epithelial cells reduced ENaCα expression, which impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and led to alveolar edema.

Poricoic Acid A, an Active Ingredient Extracted From Poria cocos, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Growth by Suppressing MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway.

Lung cancer continues to be a significant clinical challenge, highlighting the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. Poricoic acid A (PAA), an active compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom Poria cocos (Fuling), has gained attention for its potential antitumor effects. Although prior studies have suggested its efficacy in vitro, the therapeutic potential, mechanism of action, and safety of PAA in inhibiting cancer growth have yet to be thoroughly investigated.

Aflatoxin B1 disrupts intestinal barrier integrity: Insights into DAF-16/SOD-3-mediated oxidative imbalance and autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed and highly toxic mycotoxin prevalent in the environment and food contaminants, posing significant risks to food security and human health. The gastrointestinal tract serves as the primary defense against AFB1. However, the molecular toxicological mechanism of intestine upon AFB1 exposure remains incompletely understood.

Proteomic profiling reveals distinct inflammatory and neurogenic endotypes in rosacea.

Background: Rosacea represents a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with potential systemic manifestations. While neuroimmune dysregulation and systemic inflammation are implicated in its pathogenesis, comprehensive proteomic profiling remains unexplored.

Objective: To characterize serum proteomic signatures and identify molecular endotypes in rosacea.

A comprehensive review of genetic mutations occurring in the development and progression of gastric cancer.

Background Gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of mortality globally, is a complex condition stemming from various factors including unhealthy lifestyle habits, genetic mutations expressed in a single nucleotide, environmental effects, and chronic Helicobacter pylori infections. The development and progression of GC is gradual over many years, with a lack of specific symptoms in early stages. This results in late diagnosis at advanced stages when the cancer is more aggressive, which in turn significantly impacts the prognosis and treatment options.

Arginine Metabolic Disruption Impairs Hair Regeneration via ROS-Mediated Inactivation of mTOR Signaling in Androgenetic Alopecia.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a pervasive hair loss disorder, lacks effective therapies due to incomplete pathogenic understanding. Growing evidence suggests a connection between AGA and metabolic disorders. Leveraging unbiased serum metabolomics, a strikingly differentiated metabolic signature in AGA patients compared to healthy controls is identified, with arginine deficiency exhibiting the most pronounced reduction among all amino acids.

Potential induction of the relative mRNA expression levels of CYP450 by Zhicaowu-Hezi (Aconiti kusnezoffii radix preparata and Retz.).

Background: Processed Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix (Aconiti kusnezoffii Radix Preparata, Zhicaowu) and Retz. (Hezi) are a classic herb pair in Mongolian medicine, where Hezi mitigates Zhicaowu's hepatotoxicity. Despite extensive studies on their detoxification effects, the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) modulation remains unclear.

Towards healthier surimi: quality and nutritional benefits of flaxseed gum as a fat replacer in grass carp surimi gels.

This study evaluated the effects of replacing animal fat with flaxseed gum (FG) on the quality of grass carp surimi gels. Moderate FG substitution improved gel strength, elasticity, and texture. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that 60 % FG enhanced moisture distribution.

Integrating scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics to explore the implication of G6PD on immune microenvironment in lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies, with lymph node metastasis strongly linked to worse prognostic outcomes. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment that drives lymph node metastasis remain poorly understood. By profiling 118,127 cells from eight patients with breast cancer alongside their metastatic axillary lymph nodes through single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, this study uncovered the activation of the pentose phosphate pathway during the metastatic process.

Sparfloxacin ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by suppressing cellular senescence, JAK/NF-κB signaling pathway and modulation of the gut microbiota-metabolite axis.

The progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves immune dysregulation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and microbial dysbiosis while existing targeted therapies present challenges, including adverse effects and economic burdens. UC is characterized by persistent intestinal inflammation, manifesting as abdominal pain, hematochezia, and malnutrition. Prolonged uncontrolled inflammation may lead to colorectal cancer or severe complications, significantly impairing quality of life.

Depletion of Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) Drives Heterochromatin Loss via Lysine Acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8)-Mediated Remodeling and Spacing Factor 1 (RSF1) Acetylation in Skin Aging.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as the most common RNA modification at the post-transcriptional level, plays a role in various pathophysiological processes. However, its underlying mechanism in skin aging remains enigmatic. Here, we identified that fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) serves as a protective factor against skin aging.

Cathepsin K Aggravates Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Promoting Fibroblast Glutamine Metabolism and Collagen Synthesis.

Fibroblast collagen synthesis is a hallmark of the pathogenesis and progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the factors that trigger the abnormal activation of fibroblasts in PF are still not well understood. Using proteomics and single-cell sequencing dataset screening, extra accumulation of Cathepsin K (CTSK) is detected in the periphery as well as in fibroblasts in the lungs of PF mouse models.

Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF agents with and without Laser therapy for diabetic macular edema: A network meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of Conbercept, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept, alone or combined with laser, for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and SinoMed until October 2024 for studies on Conbercept, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept in DME treatment. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted in RStudio.

Novel Molecular Subtyping Revealed Molecular Pathways That Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Rosacea.

The latest progress in rosacea research over the past two decades has revealed important limitations of the current clinical subtyping approach. A new framework of rosacea molecular subtyping is urgently needed to gain insight into the pathogenesis of rosacea. Here, we propose a novel molecular subtype of rosacea based on pathogenetic progression using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and consensus clustering analysis.

Interventions for Maintaining Pelvic Floor Health During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Background And Purpose: Pregnancy is a unique life stage for women and is also an independent risk factor for pelvic floor disorders (PFD). Physiological changes during pregnancy can weaken pelvic floor support, potentially leading to common pelvic floor dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, chronic pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction, rectus diastasis, and pelvic organ prolapse if left unaddressed. Early preventive interventions are recommended to reduce the overall incidence of PFD.

Fast Removing Ligands from Platinum-Based Nanocatalysts by a Square-Wave Potential Strategy.

Developing effective methods to remove ligands from the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for obtaining surface-cleaned nanocatalysts. In this manuscript, we develop a square-wave potential (SWP) strategy that efficiently removes ligands from the surface of platinum (Pt)-based nanocatalysts within 1 min (40 s), achieving a removal efficiency 30 times higher than that of traditional cyclic voltammetry cycling. Comprehensive analyses of physical characterization and catalytic performance confirm the effectiveness of the SWP strategy.

Leveraging ultra-micro crayfish shell powder to modulate protein digestion and health benefits in silver carp surimi.

This study examined the effects of ball-milled crayfish shell powder (MD) and ball milling combined with irradiation crayfish shell powder (MID) on the digestion behaviors of silver carp surimi. During simulated digestion, surimi supplemented with crayfish shell powder exhibited reduced protein digestibility and hydrolysis. Furthermore, compared to surimi without crayfish shell powder, these samples showed larger digestate particle size, enhanced cholesterol-lowering activity, and increased release of essential amino acids.

Carbon-supported uniform RuAgW nanoparticles with high activity and CO resistance toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation.

RuAgW/C demonstrates an excellent mass specific exchange current density () of 442.9 A g superior to that of Pt/C (329.7 A g) toward the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) primarily owing to weakened hydrogen binding energy (HBE) and strengthened hydroxide binding energy (OHBE).

Novel Computational Approaches in the Discovery and Identification of Bioactive Peptides: A Bioinformatics Perspective.

Bioactive peptides are protein molecules known for their specific biological functions, offering promising applications across various fields including medicine, food, and cosmetics. Traditional approaches to the investigation of bioactive peptides typically encompass extraction, separation, purification, identification, and experimental evaluation. However, these methodologies are frequently subject to human-related variables, which consequently lead to reduced efficiency and compromised accuracy.

Comparisons of sediment mass accumulation rates in different regions of Dongting Lake and their environmental indications: Based on Pu, Cs, and Pb.

In this study, 24 sediment cores collected from Dongting Lake were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and HPGe γ-spectrometer for Pu, Cs, Ra, and Pb, respectively. Based on the vertical profiles of Pb, Pu, and Cs, sediment mass accumulation rates (MAR) were calculated, and the responses to major environmental events and anthropogenic activities were discussed. The vertical profiles of Cs and Pu exhibit bimodal distribution, the secondary peaks most probably indicated the fallout from a series of Chinese nuclear tests (CNT) during the 1970s.

Keratin 6A promotes skin inflammation through JAK1-STAT3 activation in keratinocytes.

Background: Skin barrier dysfunction and immune activation are hallmarks of inflammatory skin diseases such as rosacea and psoriasis, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms. While barrier disruption may trigger or exacerbate skin inflammation, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Notably, epidermal barrier compromise leads to a marked increase in barrier alarmin expression.

Establishing a Risk Prediction Model for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Anti-BNLF2b Serological Biomarkers: A Retrospective Study.

This study aims to establish a suitable risk prediction model of NPC in regions with relatively low-incidence in southern China. We retrospectively analysed the data of 198 patients with NPC and 398 healthy individuals admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from February 2023 to October 2024. The levels of different serum biomarkers (P85-Ab, VCA-IgA, VCA-IgM, VCA-IgG, Rta-IgG and EA-IgA) were compared between patients with NPC and healthy individuals.

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics reveal an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment related to metastatic dissemination during pancreatic cancer liver metastasis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by early liver metastasis and high mortality. The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor progression; however, the immune microenvironment's involvement in PDAC liver metastasis remains poorly understood. This study investigates cellular heterogeneity in primary tumor (PT) and liver metastasis (LM) tissues of PDAC using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics.