Thrips and plant viruses: a comprehensive virome analysis in tropical agriculture.

Introduction: Thrips are key vectors for plant viruses, representing a significant challenge to the cultivation of cucurbits and other vegetables in tropical agriculture. This study investigates the diversity of viromes carried by thrips and their ecological roles in viral epidemics affecting specific crops.

Methods: We identify thrips populations in tropical regions and perform a comprehensive virome analysis through high-throughput sequencing.

RNAi-mediated knockdown of juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase depresses reproductive performance in female Aethina tumida.

Small hive beetles, Aethina tumide, are free-flying parasites of social bee colonies where they feed and reproduce. In case of mass infestation, A. tumida can cause significant economic losses.

Characterization of a uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase gene associated with abamectin resistance in two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.

Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase (UGT) belongs to detoxification enzyme glycosylating lipophilic xenobiotic compounds in various living organisms. Tetranychus urticae is a notorious pest due to its significant threat to crop production and serious resistance problem worldwide. However, the function of UGT gene in contributing to pesticide resistance in T.

Does the self-developed fatty acid esters-based aerial spray adjuvant really work on improving the targetability of pesticide liquid sprayed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)?

Background: Low pesticide utilization, particularly in high-concentration aerial spraying via an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), poses a severe risk in terms of pesticide waste and environmental damage. We conducted a new trial to improve the properties of a spray liquid by the addition of customized spray adjuvants, thereby facilitating droplet deposition and reducing drift of UAV-sprayed pesticides.

Results: Our self-developed mango tree special pesticide diffusing agent (PDA) altered both the value and components of the liquid surface tension toward that of the mango leaf surface free energy; thereby, apparently reducing the contact angles of liquid droplets on the leaf surface by more than 70.

Litchi40K v1.0: a cost-effective, flexible, and versatile liquid SNP chip for genetic analysis and digitalization of germplasm resources in litchi.

Genetic breeding and molecular identification in varieties depend on high-performance genotyping tools. The high heterozygosity of the litchi genome contributes to increased resequencing costs and elevated error rates in hybridization-based genotyping methods. In this study, a liquid chip named Litchi40K v1.

Impact of long-term cadmium exposure on insecticidal cross-resistance and biological traits of Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens ecosystems and agricultural productivity, especially in rice-growing regions. This study examines the effects of long-term Cd exposure on the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), a major rice pest, focusing on biological traits, physiological responses, and insecticide cross-resistance. Cd bioaccumulation occurred across the soil-plant-insect chain, with higher concentrations in advanced N.

Diversity and Pathogenicity of Species Causing Coffee Anthracnose in China.

Coffee is a significant traded commodity for developing countries. Among the various diseases affecting coffee, anthracnose caused by spp. has re-emerged as a major constraint on global coffee production.

Elucidating the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose in litchi leaves through transcriptome analysis.

Background: Litchi, an important tropical fruit, is severely affected by anthracnose disease. However, the mechanism of its disease resistance response remains unknown, and resistant accession genetic resources and resistance-related genes have not yet been identified.

Results: In this study, 82 accessions of litchi were evaluated for resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and the accessions 'Haiken 5' and 'Nongmei 5 hao' were identified as resistant and susceptible, respectively.

Plant invasion resistance due to 2D native diversity.

Biodiversity entails species diversity both within a trophic level (horizontal diversity) and across levels (vertical diversity). While invasion resistance studies usually focus on horizontal diversity, vertical diversity could provide additional biotic resistance to invasion. Quantifying the role of such 2D diversity will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity-invasibility relationship.

Characteristics and seasonal variation of fall armyworm migratory behavior in their year-round breeding areas in South China.

Background: The occurrence of migratory takeoff behavior is the essential first step for long-distance migration of insects. However, its characteristics, frequency of occurrence, and the identity of environmental and physiological factors influencing this process remain largely unknown.

Results: We investigate the global pest fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) as an exemplar species to investigate the behavioral traits associated with migratory takeoff of nocturnally migrating moths in year-round breeding areas.

Strategy for the Selection of Tank-Mix Adjuvants to Improve the Wettability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Sprayed Liquids on Citrus Leaf Surfaces.

The past decade has witnessed a growth spurt in aerial pesticide application by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, compared to the traditional ground application, their operation characteristics of low capacity and high concentration put forward rather higher requirements for the wettability of pesticide solutions on the target crop surface, which was a critical link to the pesticide efficiency. Tank mix of adjuvants is a common measure to modify the spray liquid wettability during foliar pesticide application.

Cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 confers resistance to thiamethoxam in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) via detoxification metabolism.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Gennadius) is a notorious and highly polyphagous agricultural pest that is well known for its ability to transmit a wide range of serious plant pathogenic viruses. The field populations of B. tabaci in some areas have developed resistance to thiamethoxam.

Transcriptome Reveals Candidate Genes Responsive to Cold Stress in Agave.

Agave, with its unique appearance and ability to produce hard fibers, holds high economic value. However, low temperatures during winter can restrict its growth and even damage the leaves, causing a loss of ornamental appeal or affecting the fiber quality. Conversely, the plant () family plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and the response to stress.

Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and preliminary mechanism study of novel isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives containing an acylhydrazone disulfone moiety.

Background: Limitations in the use and availability of copper-based fungicides and antibiotics has led to a scarcity of bactericidal agents. It is urgent to develop green bactericides with new modes-of-action and effective chemotypes.

Results: A bioactive substructure splicing approach was applied to optimize the structure of the natural product isoquinolin-3-carboxylic acid (IQ3CA).

Insights into the improved cold-water solubility and digestibility of alkaline-alcohol modified cassava starch: A discussion from the perspective of fine structure.

Multi-objective optimization of starch for higher solubility and lower glycemic index is a challenge. In this study, we investigated the molecular structure evolution of cold water-soluble starch (CWS) and its correlation mechanism with solubility and digestibility by alkali-alcohol treatment of cassava starch. As NaOH concentration increased, the average molecular size of CWS gradually decreased, and the medium-long amylose (AM) chains (X ~ 1000-10,000) decreased sharply.

Metabolic profiling and evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Apis cerana cerana Honey from Sansha City, Hainan Province, China.

Honey has been recognized for its role in disease prevention through nutritional modulation. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the physicochemical parameters, metabolic profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of multifloral honeys produced by Apis cerana cerana in Sansha City (SS), Hainan Province. Metabolomic analysis identified SS honey had multiple bioactive compounds known for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Potential influence of supplemental nutrients intake by adults on the development, fecundity, and population growth of Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) offspring.

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is an important pest in cowpea-growing areas of south China. To study control strategies, M. usitatus has been raised for multiple generations in the laboratory.

Isoflavones extracted from Millettia pachyloba prevent the infection of the rice blast fungus by inhibiting its conidial germination and appressorium formation.

Background: The ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes rice blast disease and can greatly reduce rice yields. Due to the widespread use of synthesized chemical fungicides and the frequent occurrence of fungicide resistance and environmental pollution as a result, it has become increasingly urgent to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives, including plant crude extracts.

Results: In this study, the crude extracts of the tropical plant Millettia pachyloba were screened out and exhibited excellent preventive effects against M.

Interspecific Competition Between Riley and Hirst (Acari: Tetranychidae).

has long been recognized as an important spider mite pest of rubber trees. Recently, increasing damage from has elevated its importance as a key spider mite pest. These two species share highly overlapping ecological niches, with outbreaks strongly associated with high temperatures and drought stresses.

Coumarin derivatives containing the 1,3,4 oxadiazole/thiadiazole moiety discovered as potential anti-tobacco mosaic virus agents.

In this paper, a series of oxadiazole/thidiazole containing coumarin derivative derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized using NMR and HRMS. The evaluation of antiviral activity revealed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited good in vivo antiviral efficacy against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Notably, compounds H6 and Y5 demonstrated exceptional therapeutic and protective effects against TMV, with EC values of 180.

sp. nov., a Al-tolerant bacterium with the ability to inhibit f. sp. isolated from rhizosphere soil of muskmelon.

A bacterial strain, designated as A6, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy muskmelon in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China. The cells of strain A6 were Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod and motile with a single polar flagellum. Strain A6 could tolerate up to 55.

An antennal-specific OBP mediates bait odorant perception in fire ants.

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play a key role in the crosstalk between the external environment and dendritic neuron activation. Ham sausage is an efficient bait widely used for monitoring the invasive ant Solenopsis invicta in the field, whereas the chemoreceptors involved in bait odorant perception in S. invicta have not been functionally characterized.

Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Novel Coumarin-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives Containing a Thioether Quinoline Moiety.

A series of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid derivatives containing a thioether quinoline moiety were designed and synthesized. The structures of these compounds were determined using H NMR, C NMR, and HRMS. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against pv (), (), and ().

Optimization of substrate formulation for by replacing wood by straw and their effect on enzyme activities.

Introduction: China is rich in straw resources. The utilization of straw in the cultivation of edible fungi partially resolves the resource conflicts between mushroom cultivation and forest industry and also contributes to environmental protection.

Methods: In this study, based on the technology of replacing wood by grass, the straw formula for mycelial culture of was optimized with Simplex-lattice method commonly used in mixture design.

Mechanisms underlying the effects of cyanogenesis on development and reproduction of Tetranychus urticae: Insights from enzyme activity and gene expression aspects.

Cyanogenic plants can release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to defend against herbivory by hydrolyzing the cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs) with its β-glucosidases (β-GLUs). Numerous studies have speculated this CNG-mediated toxicity by a plant-pest interaction manner. However, the specific toxic effect of HCN was not well-demonstrated because of the interference of other ingested metabolites.