Global engagement lowers investment gaps in renewable energy deployment.

In recent years, the costs of renewable technologies like photovoltaic (PV) and wind power have declined sharply, with scale growth being a key driver. The impact of scale growth comes from both domestic expansion (national endeavor [NE]) and international deployment (global engagement [GE]). Using learning curve models and counterfactual inference, we quantify their respective contributions to the decline in total installed cost of wind and PV power.

Efficient Fracture Propagation Solver Based on the Displacement Discontinuity Method with Application to Fiber Optic Sensing.

Hydraulic fracturing is essential for developing not only unconventional oil and gas reservoirs but also clean-energy resources, such as enhanced geothermal systems. Accurate simulation of fracture propagation is crucial for estimating poststimulation production. However, current approaches to calculating fracture physical parameters are often computationally inefficient.

YOLOv8-Seg with Dynamic Multi-Kernel Learning for Infrared Gas Leak Segmentation: A Weakly Supervised Approach.

Gas leak detection in oil and gas processing facilities is a critical component of the safety production monitoring system. Non-contact detection technology based on infrared imaging has emerged as a vital real-time monitoring method due to its rapid response and extensive coverage. However, existing pixel-level segmentation networks face challenges such as insufficient segmentation accuracy, rough gas edges, and jagged boundaries.

Synergistic Optimization of Polymer-Surfactant Binary Flooding for EOR: Core-Scale Experimental Analysis of Formulation, Slug Design, and Salinity Effect.

As conventional waterflooding enters mid-to-late stages, chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies such as polymer-surfactant binary flooding have emerged to address declining recovery rates. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of polymer-surfactant binary formulations through core-flooding experiments under varying concentrations, injection volumes, and salinity conditions. The optimal formulation, identified as 0.

Contrasting chemotactic responses drive opposite transport behaviors of petroleum-degrading and non-degrading bacteria in petroleum-contaminated porous media.

Injection of bacteria with petroleum degrading capability into contaminated sites is one of the most cost-effective and environmental friendly strategies for the successful remediation of petroleum-contaminated groundwater. The successful in-situ bioremediation of petroleum contamination in subsurface is greatly impacted by the mobile/retention performance of petroleum-degrading bacteria in porous media, which yet is not well understood. The present study systematically investigated the mobile performance of petroleum-degrading strains in porous media with petroleum contamination under environmentally relevant solution and flow conditions.

A side-stream membrane contactor embedded up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for hydrothermal filtrate of penicillin fermentation residues: Improvement of organic loading rate and green recovery of ammonia.

The hydrothermal filtrate of antibiotic fermentation residue contains high levels of organic nitrogen, thereby increasing the risk of ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion processes. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) integrated with a side-stream membrane contactor (SSMC) with developed for simultaneous biogas production and nitrogen recovery. The methane conversion efficiency stabilized at 75 % ± 2 % during 290 days, and the ammonia nitrogen recovery efficiency achieved over 73 %.

Naphthenic acids (NAs) - tolerant aerobic granular sludge: Removal performance, degradation mechanism, and microbial response.

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are toxic pollutants causing severe environmental issues that are difficult to be biodegraded. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has emerged as a promising biotechnology for NAs-containing wastewater treatment, though the mechanisms underlying effective removal and microbial response remain unclear. This study systematically compared degradation mechanisms and microbial response in cyclohexane carboxylic acid (CHCA)-tolerant AGS (T-AGS) versus unacclimated AGS (C-AGS).

Generalized relationship between effective forces and active particle microstructure.

Establishing a robust link between microscopic structure and effective forces in active systems remains a fundamental challenge. Recently, Paul et al. [Phys.

Multimodal prediction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy outcomes in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are effective first-line treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. However, some patients do not respond well, and some experience rapid progression despite initial benefit. This study aims to develop multimodal models integrating pre-treatment histopathological images and clinical variables to predict EGFR-TKIs therapy response and progression-free survival (PFS) in stage IV NSCLC patients.

Influence of surfactant enhanced remediation on transport behaviors of pollutant-degrading bacteria in porous media containing nonaqueous-phase liquid.

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) combining with in-situ bioremediation via injection of pollutant-degrading bacteria into contaminated aquifer has recently attracted great attentions due to the high efficiency for the removal of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination from aquifer. However, the effects of SER on the transport and adhesion of NAPL-degrading bacteria in NAPL contaminated-porous media are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of SER on the transport/deposition of NAPL-degrading bacteria (Acinetobacter lwoffii U1091) in porous media containing NAPL under both 5 mM and 50 mM NaCl solution conditions.

Effect of different size suspended particles on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish tissues.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are easily bound with suspended particles (SPS) in rivers, and this will further affect their bioaccumulation. However, it is unclear whether SPS will affect the PAH bioaccumulation in different fish tissues. In the present work, we studied the effect of different size SPS on the PAH bioaccumulation in different zebrafish tissues.

Influence of Functional Group Insertion on Clay Stabilizing Efficiencies of Antiswelling Agents: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Clay minerals in oil and gas fields are prone to swelling, impacting wellbore stability and causing difficulties in water injection. Quaternary ammonium type cationic antiswelling agents have become important clay swelling inhibitors due to their electrostatic adsorption capabilities. Quantum mechanical density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the local charges of quaternary ammonium and ethylene groups can be adjusted by inserting different functional groups into the molecule.

New Approaches to Assess Food Web Stability in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Case Study on Baiyangdian Lake.

Interactions between species and detritus in aquatic ecosystems involve unassimilated food, non-predator mortality, and complex trophic relationships, making it challenging to quantify interaction strengths. This study utilized classic and revised Lotka-Volterra equations, combined with the food web of Baiyangdian Lake, to develop methods for measuring interaction strengths in a phytoplankton-based and a detritus food web. The analysis relied on three types of species-detritus interactions and outputs from an Ecopath model (1958-2019).

Valorizing Industrial and Agricultural Wastes into a High-Performance Composite for Remediation of Heavy Metal-contaminated Tailing Sands.

The mismanagement of industrial and agricultural wastes, such as hyperalkaline red mud (RM) and mangosteen shells (MS), poses significant environmental challenges. This study introduces a sustainable strategy to repurpose these wastes into an activated red mud-mangosteen shell composite (ARM-MS) for heavy metal immobilization in tailing sands. RM was chemically activated (ARM) and synergistically combined with pyrolyzed MS to enhance structural and adsorptive properties.

Toxicity of S-metolachlor to non-target crop Vigna angularis: Influences from soil properties to molecular mechanism.

S-metolachlor (ME) is a widely used pre-emergence herbicide, and yet there are frequent incidents of non-target crop damage caused by ME application in production practice. Understanding the factors and mechanisms influencing the toxicity of ME on non-target crops is crucial for ensuring the rational use of pesticides in agriculture. This study shows that while the permissible concentration of ME does not significantly affect the germination rate of Vigna angularis (V.

Fingerprinting complex mixed oil spills at refineries: Source identification, quantitative source apportionment, and biodegradation assessment.

Chemical fingerprinting is well-established for source identification of marine oil spill, however cases for contaminated industrial sites are much more complicated. This study applied an integrated framework (combining source identification, source apportionment, and biodegradation assessment) for a forensic investigation of a 50,000 m Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) plume. Comprehensive analysis of 28 samples (16 floating oils, 10 petroleum products, 2 crude oils) revealed four distinct oil mixtures within the LNAPL plume, each comprising varying proportions of reformulated gasoline, catalytic cracking diesel, straight-run diesel, and crude oil.

Spatial and temporal variation in the natural source zone depletion rates of two types of LNAPL sources.

Accurate measurement of natural source zone depletion (NSZD) rates is a crucial but challenging task at a large site since NSZD rates usually have large temporal and spatial variation. Few studies focus on the spatial and temporal variability of NSZD rates of different types of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). This study has explored the spatial and temporal variability of NSZD rates at one site with two chemically distinct LNAPL bodies (aliphatic-rich naphtha for Source Zone #1 vs aromatic-rich pyrolysis gasoline for Source Zone #2).

Dipole induction by structural engineering of supports for Fe single-atom photocatalysts toward excellent photocatalytic ozonation.

Efforts in designing efficient polymer-based single atom photocatalysts (SAPs) have primarily focused on selecting specific metal atoms with tailored geometries and properties to control functionality. However, the impact of the light-harvesting units that bridge these single metal atoms, crucial for light absorption and energy transfer, has been largely overlooked. In this work, two carbon nitride (CN)-based iron SAPs with a similar FeN coordination environment are synthesized: triazine-based CN (CN) and nitrogen-rich triazole-based CN (CN), differing in the unit cell structure.

Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing for Fracture Geometry Inversion Using All Time Steps Data.

As an advanced real-time monitoring technique, optic fiber downhole sensing has been widely applied in monitoring fracture propagation during hydraulic fracturing. However, existing fracture shape inversion methods face two main challenges: firstly, traditional methods struggle to accurately capture the dynamic changes in strain rate and fracture shape during the propagation process, and secondly, they are computationally expensive. To address these issues, this study proposes a full-time-step fitting inversion method.

Microbial Corrosion Behavior of L245 Pipeline Steel in the Presence of Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria and .

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) poses significant challenges in oilfield water injection environments, leading to substantial socioeconomic losses. L245 steel, a low-alloy steel widely used in oil and gas pipelines due to its excellent mechanical properties and cost-effectiveness, remains highly vulnerable to MIC during long-term service. This study uses surface characterization and electrochemical techniques to investigate the corrosion behavior of L245 pipeline steel under short-cycle conditions in a symbiotic environment of iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) and ().

Enhanced Oilfield-Produced-Water Treatment Using Fe-Augmented Composite Bioreactor: Performance and Microbial Community Dynamics.

The presence of recalcitrant organic compounds in oilfield-produced-water poses significant challenges for conventional biological treatment technologies. In this study, an Fe-augmented composite bioreactor was developed to enhance the multi-pollutant removal performance and to elucidate the associated microbial community dynamics. The Fe-augmented system achieved efficient removal of oil (99.

Multi-Heteroatom-Doping and Defect Co-Engineered Hollow Carbon Nanocages for Ultralong-Cycle Zinc-Air Batteries.

Developing cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with simultaneously enhanced activity and durability remains a critical challenge for zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a multi-heteroatom-doping and defect co-engineering strategy is proposed to construct nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur tridoped hollow carbon nanocages (NPS-HCs) through a facile template-induced pyrolysis of a ZIF-8@PZS precursor. The synergistic effect of multi-heteroatom doping and introducing defects creates abundant active species, while the hollow architecture facilitates mass/electron transport during the ORR process.

Rose-Mamba-YOLO: an enhanced framework for efficient and accurate greenhouse rose monitoring.

Accurately detecting roses in UAV-captured greenhouse imagery presents significant challenges due to occlusions, scale variability, and complex environmental conditions. To address these issues, this study introduces ROSE-MAMBA-YOLO, a hybrid detection framework that combines the efficiency of YOLOv11 with Mamba-inspired state-space modeling to enhance feature extraction, multi-scale fusion, and contextual representation. The model achieves a mAP@50 of 87.

Advancements in cobalt-based oxide catalysts for soot oxidation: Enhancing catalytic performance through modification and morphology control.

The widespread use of diesel engines results in significant environmental contamination due to emitted pollutants, particularly soot particles. These pollutants are detrimental to public health. At present, one of the most effective ways to remove soot particles is the catalytic diesel particulate filter after-treatment technology, which requires the catalyst to have superior low temperature activity.

Facile preparation of alkali metal-modified hollow nanotubular manganese-based oxide catalysts and their excellent catalytic soot combustion performance.

The soot emitted during the operation of diesel engine exhaust seriously threatens the human health and environment, so treating diesel engine exhaust is critical. At present, the most effective method for eliminating soot particles is post-treatment technology. Preparation of economically viable and highly active soot combustion catalysts is a pivotal element of post-treatment technology.