Pain-Free and Wireless Luminescent Microneedle Sensor Array for In Situ Monitoring Tissue Oxygenation Status in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is a severe complication of diabetes, progressing insidiously at early stages but eventually leading to amputation. Therefore, to effectively bring DFUs under control, early diagnosis is crucial. Recent researches have shown that DFUs progression correlates with tissue oxygenation.

A Fungal siRNA Is Involved in Genetic Robustness of VmRDR-Mediated Virulence in Valsa mali During Apple Infection.

Genetic robustness refers to the ability of organisms to maintain normal phenotypes in the face of genetic variation, such as gene deletion. In plant pathogenic fungi, RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) play a crucial role in RNA interference (RNAi) signalling amplification in plant-pathogen interactions. However, the genetic robustness of RdRP-mediated fungal virulence and the molecular mechanisms regulating robustness remain elusive.

Stern-Gerlach deflection of cryogenically cold polyatomic molecules in superfluid nanodroplets.

Beam deflection is capable of providing valuable information about the magnetic moments of molecules and clusters and about the relaxation dynamics of their spins. However, observations have been hampered by magnetic couplings to excited vibrational and rotational states of polyatomic systems, which are challenging to control, characterize, and systematize. In this work, we carried out deflection measurements on superfluid helium nanodroplets doped with high-spin FeCl2 and CoCl2 molecules and their complexes.

Amplitude Mode in a Multigap Superconductor MgB_{2} Investigated by Terahertz Two-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy.

We have investigated the terahertz (THz) nonlinear response of the multigap superconductor MgB_{2}, using THz two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (THz 2DCS). With broadband THz drive fields, we identified a nonlinear response at twice the lower superconducting gap energy 2Δ_{π} at the lowest temperatures. Using narrow-band THz driving pulses, we observed first (FH) and third harmonic responses.

Enhanced Oilfield-Produced-Water Treatment Using Fe-Augmented Composite Bioreactor: Performance and Microbial Community Dynamics.

The presence of recalcitrant organic compounds in oilfield-produced-water poses significant challenges for conventional biological treatment technologies. In this study, an Fe-augmented composite bioreactor was developed to enhance the multi-pollutant removal performance and to elucidate the associated microbial community dynamics. The Fe-augmented system achieved efficient removal of oil (99.

Dynamic charging behavior of dielectric surfaces induced by electron beam irradiation and its effect on multipacting.

Spacecraft components working in a complex plasma environment in space environment, and the dielectric modules in the components face the important issue of surface charging. In this work, we quantitatively study the surface potential evolution for dielectrics. The results show that continuous irradiation by the electron beam causes the dielectric surface to reach a balance state, and the balance surface potential is significantly affected by the initial surface potential, the primary electron energy of the incident electrons, and the second critical energy (E) of the dielectric.

Mitochondrial Function, Gut Microbiota, and Gout Risk Among Individuals of European Descent: A Mendelian Randomization Study of a Mediated Relationship.

Purpose: Gout, a common form of arthritis, is characterised by recurrent episodes of severe inflammation owing to the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and tissues, resulting from elevated serum uric acid levels. While the roles of gut microbiota and mitochondria in gout have been studied, their causal interactions remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interplay between gut microbiota and mitochondrial biological function in the pathogenesis of gout.

PM from biofuel smoke induces inflammatory response through the TRPC6/Ca/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Household air pollution caused by biomass burning is strongly linked to pulmonary diseases, primarily due to the emission of fine particulate matter (PM). Pulmonary macrophages, located in the interstitial space and alveolar lumen, are vulnerable to PM exposure and play a crucial role in the resulting inflammatory responses. This study investigates the impact of biofuel smoke-derived PM (BPM) on the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages.

Synergistic Regulation of Combustion Behavior and Safety Characteristics of Graphene Modified Core-Shell Al@AP Composites.

Improving the energy release and safety of composite solid propellants is a key focus in energetic materials research. Graphene, with its excellent thermal conductivity and lubrication properties, is a promising additive. In this study, Al@AP core-shell particles doped with graphene were prepared via an in-situ deposition method.

Release mechanisms of decabromodiphenyl ether from typical e-waste microplastics into water: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations.

E-waste-derived microplastics (MPs) serve as a significant source, have been releasing decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) into aquatic environment. Conventional release kinetics experiments fail to effectively distinguish the three-stage release process, which includes internal diffusion, interfacial mass transfer, and diffusion in the environment. Herein, we took typical flame-retardant plastic (polystyrene, PS) as a paradigm to construct diffusion and release models corresponding to the three-stage release process, with large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations providing insights into the release process.

Iron-mineral-induced visible-light-catalytic degradation of BDE-47 enhanced by low-dose persulfate: Kinetics, mechanisms, and intervention of environmental factors.

Iron minerals and visible light are ubiquitous in the environment, which have crucial effects on the fate and migration of organic pollutants during in-situ remediation. In this work, the role of iron minerals in visible light-activated persulfate for BDE-47 degradation was systematically investigated. Under visible light irradiation, low-dose persulfate (PS) (10 μM) is capable of achieving the rapid elimination of BDE-47 in the presence of iron minerals, and goethite exhibited the best performance among selected iron minerals.

Early social interactions and young school-aged children's behavioral problems: Converging evidence from theory- and data-driven approaches.

Background: Although prior studies have established the relation between social interactions and behavioral adjustment, it remains unclear whether aspects of early social interactions are uniquely related to behavioral problems and the relative importance of each in predicting internalizing and externalizing problems. Using traditional theory-driven and novel data-driven perspectives, this longitudinal study simultaneously evaluated the role of preschool mother-child, teacher -child, and peer interactions in predicting internalizing and externalizing problems in early grade school.

Methods: At 36 months, the quality of children's social interactions with mothers, teachers, and peers were observed and coded (N = 1,028).

Alternative polyadenylation landscape of longissimus dorsi muscle with high and low intramuscular fat content in cattle.

Intramuscular fat content is one of the most important factors affecting beef quality. However, the role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in intramuscular fat deposition remains unclear. We compared APA events in muscle samples from high and low intramuscular fat (IMF) cattle, based on RNA-seq data.

Structure and Topography of AMPA Receptor Scaffolding Complexes Visualized by CryoET.

Most synapses in the brain transmit information by the presynaptic release of vesicular glutamate, driving postsynaptic depolarization through AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). The nanometer-scale topography of synaptic AMPARs regulates response amplitude by controlling the number of receptors activated by synaptic vesicle fusion. The mechanisms controlling AMPAR topography and their interactions with postsynaptic scaffolding proteins are unclear, as is the spatial relationship between AMPARs and synaptic vesicles.

A highly sensitive and reproducible fluorescence sensor for continuously measuring hydrogen peroxide at the sub-ppm level.

A highly sensitive fluorescence sensor for monitoring low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide was designed. The sensor employs the commercially available palladium or platinum metal on activated charcoal as catalysts to decompose hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. The produced oxygen concentration can be measured in real time using an oxygen-sensitive layer doped with photostable oxygen probes.

Optimization Design of a Multi-String Standing Wave Electrospinning Apparatus Based on Electric Field Simulations.

The mass production of uniform, high-quality polymer nanofibers remains a challenge. To enhance spinning yield, a multi-string standing wave electrospinning apparatus was developed by incorporating a string array into a standing wave electrospinning device. The process parameters such as string spacing, quantity, and phase difference were optimized, and their effects on the electric field distribution within the spinning area were analyzed using electric field simulations.

Celastrol Derivative/DOX Co-Assembled Nanodrug for Enhanced Antitumor Therapy.

Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key challenge in clinical chemotherapy. The combination of drugs can effectively reverse multi-drug resistance.

Objective: In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) was capsulated into nanoparticles formed by an amphiphilic PEGylated-poly (α-lipoic acid)-methanamide analogue of celastrol (mPEG-PαLA-CEN) prodrug polymer.

Phosphatidylserine-functional polydimethylsiloxane substrates regulate macrophage M2 polarization via modulus-dependent NF-κB/PPARγ pathway.

Macrophages, highly plastic innate immune cells, critically influence the success of implantable devices by responding to biochemical and physical cues. However, the mechanisms underlying their synergistic regulation of macrophage polarization on implant surfaces remain poorly understood. Therefore, we constructed anti-inflammatory phosphatidylserine (PS) modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with low, medium, and high modulus (1-100 kPa) to investigate the combined effects and underlying mechanisms of substrate modulus and biochemical signal on macrophage polarization.

Unveiling the Effect of Cooling Rate on Grown-in Defects Concentration in Polycrystalline Perovskite Films for Solar Cells with Improved Stability.

Numerous efforts are devoted to reducing the defects at perovskite surface and/or grain boundary; however, the grown-in defects inside grain is rarely studied. Here, the influence of cooling rate on the point defects concentration in polycrystalline perovskite film during heat treatment processing is investigated. With the combination of theoretical and experimental studies, this work reveals that the supersaturated point defects in perovskite films generate during the cooling process and its concentration improves as the cooling rate increases.

Nanoscale architecture of synaptic vesicles and scaffolding complexes revealed by cryo-electron tomography.

The spatial distribution of proteins and their arrangement within the cellular ultrastructure regulates the opening of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in response to glutamate release at the synapse. Fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that the postsynaptic density (PSD) and scaffolding proteins in the presynaptic active zone (AZ) align across the synapse to form a trans-synaptic "nanocolumn," but the relation to synaptic vesicle release sites is uncertain. Here, we employ focused-ion beam (FIB) milling and cryoelectron tomography to image synapses under near-native conditions.

Postmortem Diffusion of Aconitum Alkaloids and Their Metabolites in Rabbits.

Objectives: To explore the postmortem diffusion rule of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in poisoned rabbits, and to provide a reference for identifying the antemortem poisoning or postmortem poisoning of Aconitum alkaloids.

Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were sacrificed by tracheal clamps. After 1 hour, the rabbits were administered with aconitine LD in decocting aconite root powder by intragastric administration.