Decentralizing Pulmonary Screening for China's Aging Population: From Hospitals to Communities.

China's aging population faces a growing burden of chronic respiratory diseases, straining the public health system. Despite the Healthy China 2030 plan's emphasis on prevention and early detection, systemic barriers, such as low public awareness, urban-rural disparities, fragmented screening models, and uneven specialist distribution, hinder effective pulmonary care for older adults. To address these challenges, a shift toward community-based strategies, including mobile low-dose CT (LDCT) screening units, is proposed.

5-HT regulates resistance to aumolertinib by attenuating ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) remains a critical clinical challenge in EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Therefore, it is urgent to explore personalized treatment strategies based on distinct resistance mechanisms to reverse EGFR-TKI resistance. Herein, we found that HER2 S310F mutation contributes to third-generation EGFR-TKI resistance, driven by the accumulation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT).

Treatment outcomes and associated influencing factors among elderly patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study in China.

Background: Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a significant global public health concern. The elderly population is not only at high risk and among the primary victims of RR-TB but also plays a crucial role in the transmission chain of RR-TB. Their biological particularities, treatment complexities, and social vulnerabilities collectively present substantial challenges to global tuberculosis control.

Recent Advances in Microneedle Technology for Skin Antiaging.

Microneedle (MN) technology is rapidly gaining popularity as a skin treatment option, particularly in the field of antiaging. Driven by an aging population and the increasing desire for aesthetic enhancement, the pursuit of effective solutions for skin aging has become a major focus in medical aesthetics, emphasizing the need for innovative treatments. MN technology offers a compelling alternative for creating microchannels in the skin and stimulating natural healing and regeneration processes.

Effect of neoadjuvant targeted therapy on the tumor microenvironment in resectable lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Neoadjuvant targeted therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The analysis of the immune status of tumor microenvironment (TME) after targeted therapies is crucial for understanding the impact of targeted therapy on the TME and providing a basis for synergistic therapeutic approaches.

Methods: Forty-two patients with resectable lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were enrolled in this study, and multiplex immunofluorescence technology was used to explore the immune status of the TME after neoadjuvant targeted therapies.

Improved detection of isoniazid-heteroresistant subpopulations by droplet digital PCR compared to MeltPro TB assay.

Unlabelled: Drug resistance in (Mtb), especially isoniazid (INH) resistance, challenges tuberculosis control. This study evaluated droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) against the traditional MeltPro TB assay. A total of 77 INH-resistant samples from Beijing Chest Hospital, China, underwent ddPCR, drug susceptibility testing, and Sanger sequencing.

Metal-organic frameworks activate the cGAS-STING pathway for cancer immunotherapy.

Despite the major breakthroughs in immunotherapy, a substantial number of cancer patients continue to confront problems such as low response rates, which restrict the overall effectiveness of existing treatments. There is an urgent necessity to combine advanced biomedical advancements with conventional therapies to improve treatment results. The activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has become a viable technique to elicit innate immune responses against tumors, attracting significant interest as a novel target in cancer therapy.

Multimodal prediction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy outcomes in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are effective first-line treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutations. However, some patients do not respond well, and some experience rapid progression despite initial benefit. This study aims to develop multimodal models integrating pre-treatment histopathological images and clinical variables to predict EGFR-TKIs therapy response and progression-free survival (PFS) in stage IV NSCLC patients.

Host Circulating Immunometabolism-Associated Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis: Multi-Omics Screening with Experimental Validation.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) remains challenging when facing with no clinical symptom and negative pathogen tests. Metabolic reprogramming is the main characteristic of () infection and has the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker for active TB.

Methods: Datasets including healthy donors (HCs) and active TB patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Increased Tertiary Lymphoid Structures are Associated with Exaggerated Lung Tissue Damage in Smokers with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: Cigarette smoking exacerbates the progression of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in chronic lung diseases has gained attention; however, it remains unclear whether smoking-exacerbated lung damage in TB is associated with TLS. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of pulmonary TLS in smokers with TB and to explore the possible role of TLS in smoking-related lung injury in TB.

Silver-loaded hollow copper sulfide particles for antibacterial therapy.

The misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR), making it a major global health threat. Drug-resistant bacteria, such as (), (), (), and (), continue to cause severe infections worldwide. This underscores the need for alternative antibacterial strategies.

Synchronous percutaneous microwave ablation combined with percutaneous biopsy for highly suspected malignant pulmonary nodules: a retrospective study.

Background: There is still a lack of studies on the optimal sequence of treatment for microwave ablation (MWA) combined with percutaneous biopsy (PB) in the treatment of highly suspected malignant pulmonary nodules (PNs). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided simultaneous MWA combined with PB in the treatment of highly suspected malignant PNs and discuss the influence of the sequential order of MWA and PB on the treatment outcome.

Methods: From January 2021 to December 2024, 91 patients with single highly suspected malignant PNs underwent synchronous MWA combined with PB.

Macrophage Response to Avirulent and Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Anti-TB Effects of Exosome Treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) returned as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in 2023. Human-macrophages and their secreted exosomes play important roles in combating invading Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, panoramic analysis of the underlying immune mechanism for infected macrophages, package mechanism and anti-TB effect of Mtb treated exosomes remain understood.

Pre-treatment Circulating Tumor Cell Associated White Blood Cell Clusters Independently Predict Poor Survival in Patients with Extensive-disease Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Patients with extensive disease (ED)-small cell lung cancer (SCLC) commonly suffer a more inferior prognosis than those with limited disease (LD)-SCLC.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the heterogeneity and prognostic significance of various aneuploid circulating tumor cells (CTCs) subtypes and CTC-associated white blood cell (CTC-WBC) clusters in patients with LD-and ED-SCLC respectively.

Design: This prospective, non-interventional, single-center study included 48 patients with LD-SCLC and 47 patients with ED-SCLC.

Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B by interacting with RNA polymerase.

Euphorbia fischeriana has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for tuberculosis (TB) treatment since ancient times. In this study, we first report the identification of an abietane-type diterpenoid, 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B (HJKB), from E. fischeriana, which exhibits potent antimycobacterial activity against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain and clinical isolates.

Efficacy of carrimycin against complex and .

complex (MAC) is one of the principal pathogenic strains among nontuberculous . Current antibiotics have poor microbiological responses, and repurposed antibiotics are a way to meet clinical needs. Herein, the anti-MAC activity of carrimycin (CAM), a new macrolide, was evaluated vitro and .

[Interpretation of the World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 4: treatment and care (2025 Edition)].

The World Health Organization (WHO) published the "" (hereinafter referred to as the ) on April 15, 2025. This guideline primarily presents updates and recommendations based on high-quality evidence-based medical basis across three key aspects: drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB), drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), and treatment and care. This article offers an interpretation of the guideline from the perspectives of its recommendations, evidence-based medical basis, core updated content, and clinical applicability.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2521 promotes ferroptosis-dependent pathogenicity by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) manipulates host ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, to enhance its pathogenicity. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly be understood.

Impact of duration of maintenance immunotherapy on the prognosis of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: Chemoradiotherapy combined with consolidation immunotherapy is the standard of care for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer; however, the optimal number of cycles of consolidation immunotherapy remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the optimal duration of consolidation immunotherapy after chemoradiotherapy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a real-world, multicenter, retrospective study of patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer who underwent consolidation immunotherapy between February 2018 and December 2022 following chemoradiotherapy.

Tuberculosis Patients' Serum Extracellular Vesicles Induce Relevant Immune Responses for Initial Defense Against BCG in Mice.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be distributed in various bodily fluids, such as serum and urine, and play an essential role in immune regulation, substance transport, and other aspects. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by (), which places a tremendous burden on public health prevention and control within society. Researchers are committed to developing various diagnoses and treatment plans to eliminate TB effectively.

A granulin-positive macrophage subtype in mycobacterial granulomas alleviates tissue damage by limiting excessive inflammation.

Granulomas play a crucial role in the pathology of tuberculosis, but the immune environment governing their formation remains largely unknown. To explore the dynamic changes in the immune microenvironment during the formation of tuberculous granulomas, we infected adult zebrafish with and then examined uninfected and infected kidneys, as well as large and small granulomas in the kidneys. Using single-cell RNA sequencing technology, we identified two major macrophage subpopulations in the hematopoietic tissue (kidney) of zebrafish under uninfected physiological conditions: monocyte derived and tissue-resident macrophages.

Establishment and validation of a convenient and efficient screening tool for active pulmonary tuberculosis in lung cancer patients based on common parameters.

Background: Coexistent pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer (PTB-LC) is a rare type of disease with frequent under- and/or mis-diagnosis. Establishment of a reliable screening model for PTB-LC holds considerable medical and economic significance.

Objectives: We aimed to develop an efficient and convenient tool to identify high-risk individuals for tuberculosis (TB) infection among LC patients based on commonly available parameters in clinical practice.

Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Combined Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Inflammatory indexes are emerging as sensible prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, the prognostic value of dynamic C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) in SCLC patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study investigated 88 SCLC patients who underwent chemoimmunotherapy between January 1, 2020 and December 12 2022.

Is adjuvant immunotherapy necessary after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in patients with resectable stage III NSCLC? A two-center real-world study.

Purpose: The value of adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of additional adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with stage III NSCLC.

Methods: Patients with stage III NSCLC who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by radical surgery, with or without adjuvant immunotherapy, were retrospectively enrolled across two hospitals.

A method for purifying and concentrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens: The double-membrane filtration and concentration method (DMFCM).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that poses a global hazard to public health. Clinically, the small number and low concentration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis () in some specimens make TB difficult to detect in the laboratory and affect the sensitivity of diagnosis.

Methods: in clinical sputum specimens was purified and concentrated using the double membrane filtration concentration method (DMFCM), which was compared with existing methods and evaluated for application.