Modeling-Making-Modulating High-Entropy Alloy with Activated Water-Dissociation Centers for Superior Electrocatalysis.

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have recently emerged as promising electrocatalysts for complex reactions owing to their tunable electronic structures and diverse, unique binding sites. However, their vast compositional space, in terms of both elemental variety and atomic ratios, presents a major challenge to the rational design of high-performance catalysts, as experimental efforts are often hindered by ambiguous element selection and inefficient trial-and-error methods. In this work, a bottom-up research strategy using machine learning-assisted first-principles calculations was applied to accelerate the design of quinary HEAs toward efficient multielectron transfer reactions.

Do Social Relationships Influence Moral Judgment? A Cross-Cultural Examination.

This study examines whether social relationships influence moral judgment across different types of moral violations and cultural contexts. Drawing on Relationship Regulation Theory, which outlines four relational models-communal sharing, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing-we investigate whether moral evaluations vary depending on the relationship between the actor and the victim. Unlike previous research that primarily adopts a third-party perspective, this study uses a first-person approach, focusing on judgments made by individuals directly involved in the moral interaction.

A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and steroid therapy in immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated hepatitis.

Background: With the widespread clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immune-mediated hepatitis (IMH) has become increasingly prevalent.

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, steroid treatment, and prognosis of IMH patients, providing further evidence to enhance the safety of ICIs in clinical practice.

Design: A retrospective cohort study included tumor patients who received ICI therapy.

Neural basis underlying the association between openness/intellect and scientific creativity achievement: the mediation role of the inferior frontal gyrus.

Scientific creativity is vital for cultivating higher-order thinking skills and preparing students for a rapidly evolving world. Research consistently highlights Intellect as a key driver of scientific creativity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying scientific creativity and the pathways through which Intellect contributes to it remain underexplored.

Indirect Band Nature of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride Identified by Resonant Excitation in the Deep Ultraviolet Regime.

Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), especially monolayer, has emerged as a pivotal quantum material due to its intriguing optical and light-matter-interaction properties. Nevertheless, fundamental ambiguities persist regarding its intrinsic band structure and deep-UV optical responses. Here, a multispectroscopic approach-combining near-resonance deep-UV photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and reflectance contrast measurements-is employed to systematically resolve the layer-dependent optoelectronic evolution of h-BN.

Efficacy of carrimycin against complex and .

complex (MAC) is one of the principal pathogenic strains among nontuberculous . Current antibiotics have poor microbiological responses, and repurposed antibiotics are a way to meet clinical needs. Herein, the anti-MAC activity of carrimycin (CAM), a new macrolide, was evaluated vitro and .

Gradient-Asymmetric WPU-CNT@BiTe Film for Flexible Tactile Sensor with Decoupled Bending-Thermal Sensing Capacity.

Flexible tactile sensors equipped with multimodal decoupling capabilities are essential for the advancement of intelligent robotics. However, these sensors face challenges related to signal interference and limitations in single-variable detection. Drawing inspiration from the multilayered architecture and perception ability of biological skin, this study presents the development of an asymmetric gradient WPU-CNT@BiTe film via a gravity-induced self-sedimentation strategy, which integrates piezoresistive and thermoelectric effects, facilitating a dual-mode decoupled sensing capacity.

Cystathionine γ-lyase downregulation promotes liver injury and necroptosis through reprogramming of methionine cycle.

Objective: Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are prevalent globally. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological processes in CLDs.

Methods And Results: Using the GEO database, we identified cysteine and methionine metabolism as a commonly enriched pathway in some CLDs.

Paradigms, innovations, and biological applications of RNA velocity: a comprehensive review.

Single-cell RNA sequencing enables unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and lineage dynamics. RNA velocity, by modeling the temporal relationship between spliced and unspliced transcripts, extends this capability to predict future transcriptional states and uncover the directionality of cellular transitions. Since the introduction of foundational frameworks such as Velocyto and scVelo, an expanding array of computational tools has emerged, each based on distinct biophysical assumptions and modeling paradigms.

A free energy perturbation-assisted machine learning strategy for mimotope screening in neoantigen-based vaccine design.

Neoantigen-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. One key strategy in neoantigen-based vaccine design is to alter known neoantigens into enhanced mimotopes that elicit more robust immune responses. However, screening mimotopes presents challenges in both diversity and precision.

Reversal of global health inequality in pancreatitis burden from 1990 to 2021: A cross-national GBD 2021 analysis with forecast to 2030.

Pancreatitis is a rapidly expanding global non-communicable disease, marked by substantial disparities across populations. However, comprehensive long-term assessments of global health inequalities remain scarce. This study examined inequality in the pancreatitis burden from 1990 to 2021, identified principal determinants, and forecasted future trends across countries with varying Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels.

Clinical characteristics and comparative analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced pituitary dysfunction versus other pituitary disorders.

This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors-induced pituitary injury (pituitary-irAE) by comparing with other pituitary diseases. We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of patients who were admitted for pituitary-irAE, idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency (IIAD), and lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) from January 2015 to June 2024. Among 3689 patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, 0.

Self-reinforced piezoelectric chip for scaffold-free repair of critical-sized bone defects.

The use of piezoelectric materials to treat critical-sized bone defects typically requires additional stimulation to generate their piezoelectric properties and the implantation of scaffolds to promote bone repair. Here we present a self-reinforced piezoelectric chip and demonstrate its efficacy in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. Specifically, the chip is comprised of the third-generation semiconductor aluminum nitride (AlN) as a piezoelectric layer, molybdenum (Mo) electrodes, and a silicon substrate with an optimized internal cavity structure.

A sequential recommendation method using contrastive learning and Wasserstein self-attention mechanism.

Recent research has demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing contrastive learning for training Transformer-based sequence encoders in sequential recommendation tasks. Items are represented using vectors and the relations between items are measured by the dot product self-attention, the feature representation in sequential recommendation can be enhanced. However, in real-world scenarios, user behavior sequences are unpredictable, and the limitations of dot product-based approaches hinder the complete capture of collaborative transferability.

Influences of different string types on the perception of violin qualitiesa).

The brand and model of strings used on violins are considered to play an important role in their playability and sound quality. An experiment was designed to test whether and how violin players perceive changes in violin qualities when strung with different strings. Three models of strings were chosen for this study: Dominant, Kaplan, and Pro-Arté strings.

Effect of anti-CD4 mAb induced by inhibiting B cell disorder on immune reconstruction of HIV-infected immunological non-responders.

Background: In persons living with HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces HIV RNA in their plasma and increases CD4 + T lymphocytes, thus restoring their immune function and reducing mortality rates.

Methods: The heavy and light chains of B cell receptor (BCR) were amplified, sequenced, analyzed, and determined to be anti-CD4 mAb. The cytotoxicity of NK cells mediated by the anti-CD4 mAb was assessed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, ELISA, and western blotting.

Comprehensive identification of crucial biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cholestasis via integrated single-cell RNA and transcriptome sequencing analysis.

Cholestasis, characterized by impaired bile flow, leads to significant hepatic dysfunction and poses a clinical challenge. This study investigated cellular communication networks and molecular mechanisms underlying cholestasis using advanced single-cell and transcriptomic sequencing. Data from the GEO database, including single-cell sequencing (GSE237622) and transcriptome datasets (GSE206364, GSE183754), were analyzed to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Acquired hemophilia A secondary to cholangiocarcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder. Its occurrence secondary to hepatobiliary malignancies is even rarer, and without timely diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate is extremely high. There is a need to raise awareness of this disease.

Ultrathin Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets.

Designing 2D mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets to overcome the limitations of bulk MOF counterparts, with a focus on enabling smooth mass transport, presents an attractive yet challenging endeavor. Here, a novel bottom-up interface-directed co-assembly method is presented for the synthesis of ultrathin 2D mesoporous UiO-66(Ce) nanosheets. The method utilizes an interface-directed co-assembly of amphiphilic perfluorooctanoic acid-induced lipid bilayers and spherical micelles from PS-b-PEO block copolymers to form unique 2D sandwich-like assemblies that guide the creation of 2D mesoporous UiO-66(Ce).

Construction and Self-Assembly of Oleanolic Acid-Short Peptide Hydrogels Based on Supramolecular Interaction.

Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural product with diverse biological activities, faces clinical limitations due to its poor bioavailability caused by hydrophobic pentacyclic structure. To address this issue, we designed a novel class of oleanolic acid-short peptide derivatives (OA-GFFK) by conjugating OA with a water-soluble short peptide (glycine-phenylalanine-phenylalanine-lysine, GFFK). Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) predicted its gelation properties, and OA-GFFK was successfully transformed into supramolecular hydrogels via a simple three-step process (dissolution-ultrasonication-resting).

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of sudapyridine (WX-081) combined with other drugs against Mycobacterium abscessus.

The management of Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) infection presents formidable challenges, necessitating the development of innovative antimicrobial agents and more efficacious combination therapies. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro, intracellular, and in vivo antibacterial activity of sudapyridine (WX-081) in combination with clarithromycin (CLR), clofazimine (CFZ), rifabutin (RFB), and linezolid (LZD) against MAB. In vitro, the interaction between WX-081 and other drugs was assessed using the checkerboard method against MAB.

In vitro and in vivo activities of a novel benzothiopyranone candidate NTB-3119M against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objectives: NTB-3119M, a novel benzothiopyranone derivative identified through comprehensive drug development studies, was selected as a promising antituberculosis (anti-TB) candidate. This study systematically evaluated its anti-TB efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: In vitro analyses encompassed antimicrobial susceptibility testing to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, 10 drug-susceptible clinical isolates, and 30 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, alongside evaluations of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) using H37Rv and seven clinical isolates.

Anion Immobilization from -Icosahedron to Cubo-Octahedron Enhances the Lithium Ion Transference Number in Solid-State Electrolytes.

Herein, we report the self-assembly of a -symmetric -icosahedron based on a desymmetrized terpyridine ligand. The participant triflimide (NTf) interacts with a rectangular aperture, templating the generation of . With the addition of the other smaller anions (50-90 Å) into , supramolecular conversion to highly symmetric () cuboctahedron can be observed due to optimizing the binding capabilities between anions and apertures of metallo-organic cages.

Genome mining, synthesis, antibacterial mechanism, and application of the gut commensal-derived antibacterial peptide CR24.

The growing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance has called for an urgent need to develop new sources of antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant strains. The trillions of microbes living in the gut become gradually a promising source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we isolated a candidate strain with good antibacterial activity identified as Bacillus haynesii strain B1 from the sheep intestine and obtained a novel antimicrobial peptide through B.