A Cross-sectional Data Analysis between Serum Total Bilirubin and Potential Obesity Indices in US Adults.

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Recently, emerging biomarkers, such as the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), have garnered attention for their utility in assessing visceral obesity. Bilirubin, a potent endogenous antioxidant, has been associated with protective effects against various diseases.

Covalent Organic Frameworks-Delivered Reuterin Drives Trained Immunity in Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Enhance Melanoma Immunotherapy via Glycerophospholipid Metabolism.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. However, the specific mechanisms by which gut bacteria and their metabolites exert therapeutic effects in melanoma remain poorly understood. In this study, it is unexpectedly demonstrated that prophylactic supplementation with Limosilactobacillus reuteri exhibits significant tumor-suppressive properties, primarily mediated by its secreted metabolite, reuterin.

Genome mining, synthesis, antibacterial mechanism, and application of the gut commensal-derived antibacterial peptide CR24.

The growing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance has called for an urgent need to develop new sources of antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant strains. The trillions of microbes living in the gut become gradually a promising source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we isolated a candidate strain with good antibacterial activity identified as Bacillus haynesii strain B1 from the sheep intestine and obtained a novel antimicrobial peptide through B.

Trained immunity driven by Enterococcus faecalis ribosomal protein S11 enhances antigen presentation and boosts influenza vaccine efficacy via nanoparticle delivery.

The limited availability of adjuvants poses a significant challenge in modern vaccine development, as they play a crucial role in enhancing vaccine efficacy. Trained immunity, driven by metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells, offers a novel platform for adjuvant discovery. However, current studies predominantly focus on classical inducers such as β-glucan and BCG, limiting the exploration of key genes underlying trained immune responses.

M28 family peptidase derived from initiates trained immunity to prevent MRSA via the complosome-phosphatidylcholine axis.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) represents a major global health threat due to its resistance to conventional antibiotics. The commensal microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host, playing essential roles in metabolism, energy regulation, immune modulation, and pathogen control. Mammals harbor a wide range of commensal bacteria capable of producing unique metabolites with potential therapeutic properties.

Structural and Functional Differences in Small Intestinal and Fecal Microbiota: 16S rRNA Gene Investigation in Rats.

To compare the differences in floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed in a conventional or specific-pathogen free (SPF) environment and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was then amplified and sequenced. Compared with feces, about 60% of the bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units (OTUs) < 1000). Of bacteria shared between the ileum and feces, a few genera were highly abundant (dominant), whereas most had low abundance (less dominant).

Prognostic risk stratification value of MACC1 expression in patients with gastric cancer.

Background: The prognostic significance of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) has been explored in a variety of malignancies. However, its clinical relevance in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is limited, also remains controversial.

Method: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of lesion MACC1 expression in 347 GC patients.

Identification and biological characteristics of TN-47 isolated from .

With the widespread use of antibiotics, the incidence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms has increased. is a trunk borer of pine trees. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biological characteristics of TN-47 (PP411196), isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of in Jilin Province, PR China.

Trained immunity in recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection promotes bacterial persistence.

Bacterial persister cells, a sub-population of dormant phenotypic variants highly tolerant to antibiotics, present a significant challenge for infection control. Investigating the mechanisms of antibiotic persistence is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Here, we found a significant association between tolerance frequency and previous infection history in bovine mastitis.

Impact of Sample Processing and Storage Conditions on RNA Quality of Fresh-Frozen Cancer Tissues.

A biobank is a central resource that supports basic and clinical research. RNA quality of fresh-frozen tissue specimens in the biobank is highly associated with the success of downstream applications. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the impact of tissue processing and storage conditions on RNA quality.

Culturing the Chicken Intestinal Microbiota and Potential Application as Probiotics Development.

Pure cultures of chicken intestinal microbial species may still be crucial and imperative to expound on the function of gut microbiota, and also contribute to the development of potential probiotics and novel bioactive metabolites from gut microbiota. In this study, we isolated and identified 507 chicken intestinal bacterial isolates, including 89 previously uncultured isolates. Among these, a total of 63 strains, belonging to , , , , , and , exhibited antibacterial activity against .

IFI204 protects host defense against Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia by promoting extracellular traps formation.

Interferon-inducible protein 204 (IFI204) is an intracellular DNA receptor that can recognize DNA viruses and intracellular bacteria. Extracellular traps (ETs) have been recognized as an indispensable antimicrobial barrier that play an indispensable role in bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. However, how ETs form and the mechanisms by which IFI204 function in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia are still unclear.

Pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte count and its derived inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in a cohort of patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and follow-up information, both pre- and post-operative within one week of laboratory findings, of 338 patients with GC who underwent radical gastrectomy were retrieved, and their prognostic significance was evaluated.

Results: Both lower pre- and post-operative lymphocyte counts and higher NLR and SSI were significantly related to advanced tumour (pT) and disease stages (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC]) in patients with GC.

Suppresses High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders in Beagles.

Obesity is one of the prevalent chronic diseases in human and companion animals usually associated with several metabolic disorders. The gut commensal bacterium () is known for its therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders and inflammations. Here, we isolated the AKK2 strain from the feces of interferon-inducible protein 204 (IFI204) mice and further evaluated its anti-obesity effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice and beagles.

Purification, Characterization, Mode of Action, and Application of Jileicin, a Novel Antimicrobial from YPG26.

Antimicrobial compounds from the commensal gut microbiota have gained much attention due to their multifunctionality in maintaining good health in the host and killing multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our previous study showed that YPG26 isolated from chicken intestine can antagonize multiple pathogens. Herein, we characterized a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance, jileicin, purified from YPG26.

Extracellular trap can be trained as a memory response.

Extracellular trap (ET) appears as a double-edged sword for the host since it participates in host immune defense by entrapping pathogens, while excessive ET release also contributes to various diseases progression including atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. A better understanding of ET formation and regulation will be beneficial for developing strategies for infection control and ET-associated disease treatment. There is some evidence indicating that prior infection can enhance extracellular killing.

Comparison of carvedilol versus metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The existing meta-analyses and randomized studies on comparing the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol are of poor quality, with small sample sizes, and involve a homogeneous population. Therefore, to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the mortality benefits of carvedilol with metoprolol head to head and determine the better beta-blocker in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) setting.

Methods: Seven electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library will be searched in May 2021 by 2 independent reviewers.

Intratumor Heterogeneity of HLA-G Expression in Cancer Lesions.

Signaling pathway between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G and immune inhibitory receptors immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2/4 has been acknowledged as one of immune checkpoints, and as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Like other immune checkpoints, inter- and even intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G could render a rather complexity for HLA-G-target immunotherapy. However, little information for intratumor heterogeneity of HLA-G is available.

Complex mode-locking oscillations and Stern-Brocot derivation tree in a CSTR reaction with impulsive perturbations.

A complex mode-locking (entrainment) topology underlying the continuous stirred tank reactor reaction model subjected to impulsive perturbations is identified. Employing high-resolution stability diagrams, we exhibit the global structure of mode-locking oscillations and describe how they are interconnected and how their complexity unfolds with control parameters varying. The scenarios shown in the bi-parametric planes revealed that the skeleton of Arnold's tongues is organized according to the symmetric Stern-Brocot sum tree.

Peripheral immunological features of COVID-19 patients in Taizhou, China: A retrospective study.

Background: Abnormal peripheral immunological features are associated with the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved in a cohort of 146 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Potential risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 were evaluated.