A case report on the reconstruction of arson, corpse burning, and postmortem relocation based on burn trace characteristics.

Forensic identification at fire scenes faces three core challenges: distinguishing cause of death (antemortem burning versus postmortem corpse burning), reconstructing criminal behavior (arson versus accident), and preserving evidence (thermal destruction versus artificial tampering). This case study systematically demonstrates the application value of burn trace characteristics in arson investigation through a typical intentional homicide and corpse burning case. Based on a three-dimensional analytical framework of human burn-behavioral characteristics, a systematic pathway incorporating reconstruction of arson/corpse burning processes and identification of body relocation behavior was established.

The evolutionary mechanism of information negentropy spurred by emergencies.

In the context of social system resilience, the role of information negentropy-a measure of order and structural stability-remains underexplored during emergencies. This study investigates the evolutionary mechanisms of information negentropy under crisis conditions, aiming to quantify how emergencies disrupt and reshape social order through dual internal and external feedback. By integrating dissipative structure theory with a dynamic differential equation model, we propose a novel framework that captures the interplay between entropy increase and negentropy production.

Developing real-time IoT-based public safety alert and emergency response systems.

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a real-time IoT-based emergency response and public safety alert system tailored for rapid detection, classification, and dissemination of alerts during critical incidents. The proposed architecture combines a distributed network of heterogeneous sensors (e.g.

Research on social bot identification through behavioral feature analysis.

Accurately identifying social bot accounts is the key to preventing the use of artificial intelligence technology to forge social accounts, which can interfere with public opinion and thus cause public opinion crises. However, at present, relying only on manual identification of bot accounts has the challenges of low efficiency, high cost, and low accuracy, while existing research on batch identification of social bots lacks research on the system of behavioural characteristics of social bots, and thus lacks the construction of a model for the analysis of the behavioural characteristics of social bots. In this paper, we propose a diverse set of behavioural features for social robots based on the differences between the behavioural features of social robot accounts and normal users.

Temporal evolution stages classification and aging time prediction of gel-pen ink using GC-IMS combined with machine learning for forensic science applications.

Determining the temporal evolution of inks remains a critical challenge in forensic document analysis. The temporal evolution stages classification and aging time prediction of gel-pen ink were investigated by integrating gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) with machine learning algorithms. Ink-specific volatile markers were correlated with aging mechanisms through kinetic modeling and heatmap analysis.

Enhanced Infrared Shielding Function in ATO-Doped Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films.

The enhanced infrared shielding function of antimony tin oxide (ATO)-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film enables its use for smart windows, because it can switch between transparent and scattered states, which can protect people's privacy. When PDLC film is used for a building's doors and windows or external walls, we hope that it can have a higher infrared shielding capability, in order to reduce the indoor temperature affected by solar irradiation, so as to reduce the energy consumption caused by refrigeration equipment. However, the infrared shielding capability of the existing PDLC is far from sufficient.

Non-linear correlation analysis between internet searches and epidemic trends.

Introduction: This study uses a non-linear model to explore the impact mechanism of change rates between internet search behavior and confirmed COVID-19 cases. The research background focuses on epidemic monitoring, leveraging internet search data as a real-time tool to capture public interest and predict epidemic development. The goal is to establish a widely applicable mathematical framework through the analysis of long-term disease data.

Regulating the Electron Distribution to Accelerate the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO to CH.

How to promote the efficiency of C-C coupling is a bottleneck problem in the process of the photocatalytic reduction of CO to CH. Herein, a highly efficient photocatalyst for converting CO into CH (with a yield of ∼12.45 μmol h and a selectivity of ∼94.

Research on temperature-dependent visualization and enhancement mechanism of latent fingermarks deposited on steel container.

In arson cases, the accelerants are typically stored in steel containers where fingermarks may be preserved. To explore the effects of heat on latent fingermark visualization deposited on steel surfaces and the corresponding mechanisms, 304 stainless steel and tinplate were selected. Coaxial illumination and cyanoacrylate fuming were employed to visualize fingermarks.

The symbiotic effect of online searches and vaccine administration-a nonlinear correlation analysis of baidu index and vaccine administration data.

This study primarily addresses the analytical problem of the mathematical mechanism underlying the associative impact between online searches and vaccine uptake, a relationship that has become increasingly relevant in the context of public health management. As internet search behaviors reflect public interest and sentiment, understanding their impact on vaccination trends is crucial for real-time health decision-making. A Logistic model is constructed to observe the fundamental evolutionary patterns between online searches and vaccine uptake.

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor for Escherichia coli detection using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled metal-organic frameworks.

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor for detecting Escherichia coli (E. coli) was fabricated based on the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled zirconium (Zr)-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid (TPPS) hydrate metal-organic frameworks (ZTMs@FITC). The ZTMs have strong red fluorescence emission at 683 nm, which can be quenched by Cu.

Bioinspired Super-Robust Conductive Hydrogels for Machine Learning-Assisted Tactile Perception System.

Conductive hydrogels have attracted significant attention due to exceptional flexibility, electrochemical property, and biocompatibility. However, the low mechanical strength can compromise their stability under high stress, making the material susceptible to fracture in complex or harsh environments. Achieving a balance between conductivity and mechanical robustness remains a critical challenge.

Temporal-spatial evolution and formation mechanism of energy consumption carbon footprint at county scale in the Yellow River Basin.

The development and implementation of county carbon control action plans in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) are crucial for realizing the "dual carbon" goals and modernizing national governance. Utilizing remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020, this study constructs a light-carbon conversion model and a carbon footprint model to simulate the carbon footprint of county energy consumption in the YRB. Employing spatial autocorrelation and spatial Durbin models, the study examines the temporal-spatial evolution characteristics and spatial effect mechanism.

Evaluating and Enhancing Face Anti-Spoofing Algorithms for Light Makeup: A General Detection Approach.

Makeup modifies facial textures and colors, impacting the precision of face anti-spoofing systems. Many individuals opt for light makeup in their daily lives, which generally does not hinder face identity recognition. However, current research in face anti-spoofing often neglects the influence of light makeup on facial feature recognition, notably the absence of publicly accessible datasets featuring light makeup faces.

Longitudinal trajectories of sleep inertia among intern nurses with shift work in China: Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes.

There is a growing consensus regarding the significant individual differences in responses to sleep inertia. However, little is known about the longitudinal trajectories of sleep inertia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence rates of sleep inertia, longitudinal trajectories, influencing factors and outcomes among intern nurses with shift work.

Research on correlation between DNA typing and trace characteristics of blood after thermal exposure.

The identification of biological evidence is particularly important for criminal detection, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis plays a significant role in reconstructing events. However, bloodstains after thermal exposure in fires are quite unique compared to those in other scenes. Previous results regarding DNA recovery in bloodstains after heating are inconsistent with each other, which limits guidance for forensic science.

A Two-Stream Method for Human Action Recognition Using Facial Action Cues.

Human action recognition (HAR) is a critical area in computer vision with wide-ranging applications, including video surveillance, healthcare monitoring, and abnormal behavior detection. Current HAR methods predominantly rely on full-body data, which can limit their effectiveness in real-world scenarios where occlusion is common. In such situations, the face often remains visible, providing valuable cues for action recognition.

Discrimination of slight thermal damage to hair for arson investigation.

To determine whether a suspect was in close contact with the fire source at a fire site through slight thermal damage to hair, a cone calorimeter was employed to simulate fire scene conditions as a standard radiant source. The research focused on analyzing the thermal behavior of black hair and delving into the morphological characteristics of hair exhibiting slight thermal damage. At temperatures exceeding 240 °C, the proteins within the hair began to degrade.

Sensitive colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli in milk using Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prevalent pathogen that is frequently associated with the foodborne illness. It causes various infections and poses a significant threat to human health.

The Impact of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement on the Acquisition and Generalization of Human-Conditioned Fear.

Fear over-generalization as a core symptom of anxiety disorders is manifested by fear responses even to safe stimuli that are very dissimilar to the original dangerous stimulus. The present study investigated the effects of two separate conditioned stimuli-unconditioned stimuli (CS-US) pairing procedures on fear acquisition and generalization using a perceptual discrimination fear-conditioning paradigm, with US expectancy ratings and skin conductance response (SCR) as indicators. One group accepted continuous followed by partial CS-US pairings (C-P group); the other group accepted partial followed by continuous CS-US pairings (P-C group).

Cross-Lagged Panel Networks of Sleep Inertia Across Its Distinct Change Patterns Among Intern Nurses with Shift Work in China.

Purpose: Although experimental psychopathology using PET, EEG, and fMRI is at the forefront of understanding the underlying mechanisms of sleep inertia, many questions concerning causality remain unanswerable due to ethical constraints and the use of small and heterogeneous samples in experimental methods. There is a pressing need for a novel perspective in a large and relatively homogeneous population to fully capture and elucidate longitudinal processes and dynamic causality that culminate in episodes of sleep inertia over time. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the causal relationships between symptoms of sleep inertia across its distinct patterns.

Research on species categorical authentication of accelerants based on flame characteristics analysis.

Species categorical authentication of accelerants has traditionally relied on fire debris analysis. To explore a novel method for identifying the accelerants species, four commonly used accelerants for arson were loaded onto different substrates and ignited at different locations. The entire combustion process was recorded and flame characteristics were analyzed.

Study on the methods of visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure.

To establish the correlation between thermal conditions imposed on bloodstains and visualizing effect of enhancement techniques, infrared photography and four chemical enhancement reagents were used to visualize bloodstains following thermal exposure. A black tile was selected as the substrate to intensify the visualization challenge, with a Cone Calorimeter serving as the standardized heating source to control thermal conditions. Compared with standard photography, infrared photography is proven to be a valuable complement to chemical reagents, showing significant advantages in visualizing bloodstains after thermal exposure.

Contingency Reversal in Conditioned Fear Learning: The Moderated Mediation Model of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Instruction.

Objective: The study aimed to examine the roles of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in conditioned fear learning under an uncertain context induced by the contingency reversal of the association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus (CS-US).

Methods: The study sample comprised 53 participants, randomly divided into two groups: a non-instruction group and an instruction group. The experimental procedure encompassed five stages: pre-acquisition, acquisition, generalization, reversal acquisition, and reversal generalization.

Preparation and thermal responsiveness of microencapsulated fluorinated liquids for automatic fire extinguishing.

Most early-stage fires originating in small confined spaces may not be effectively mitigated by automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Leveraging the unique controlled release capability and barrier properties of microcapsules presents a promising avenue for developing multifunctional and intelligent fire-extinguishing agents tailored for early-stage fire suppression. This paper introduces two types of microcapsules that integrate automatic detection and fire extinguishing functions, utilizing fluorinated liquids specifically perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5 decafluoro-3-methoxy-4(trifluoromethyl)-pentane as core materials.