I-DMSO mediated multi-component cascade cyclization to construct pyrazolo[3,4-]pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridine-6-one skeleton.

A one-pot synthesis of the pyrazolo[3,4-]pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridin-6-one skeleton has been developed using aryl methyl ketones, 3-aminopyrazoles, and enaminamides as substrates. This method features metal-free catalysis and broad substrate compatibility (36 examples). The reaction involves the formation of two C-C and two C-N bonds, while constructing a tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenter bearing a reactive hydroxyl group.

The impact of cropland displacement on crop production greenhouse gas emissions: Evidence from China.

As a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, researches focusing on greenhouse gas emissions from crop production have garnered substantial attention. The spatial variability in emission intensity means that changes in cropland location (cropland displacement) can significantly impact greenhouse gas emissions. However, there remains a notable lack of research in this critical area.

Higher Drought Sensitivity of Autumn Photosynthetic Phenology in Planted Forests Than in Natural Forests of Tropical and Subtropical China.

Severe droughts advance autumn phenology, reducing terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration. Approximately 25% of China's tropical/subtropical forests are planted for climate mitigation, yet differences in drought sensitivity of autumn phenology between planted and natural forests remain unclear. In this study, we used four phenological fitting methods to extract end-of-photosynthetic-growing-season (EOPS) dates in China's tropical/subtropical forests over the period 2001-2020, and employed ridge regression to assess the difference in response of EOPS to drought (the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) between natural and planted forests.

Pt Atomic Site-Engineered Redox Mediator Boosts Electrosynthesis of Formic Acid from Glycerol.

Electrophilic oxygen-mediated non-electrocatalytic processes on Ni-based catalysts enable highly selective electrosynthesis of formic acid from glycerol. However, this process, usually mediated by dual mediators of Ni-O and Ni-(OH), is significantly plagued by the high potential of Ni-O. Herein, we report a class of Pt atomic site-engineered Ni-(OH) redox mediators without Ni-O involvement for breaking the dual-mediator mechanism limitation, achieving efficient formic acid electrosynthesis from glycerol at remarkably low potential.

Ultra-stable low-coordinated Pt/CeZrO ordered macroporous structure integrated industrial-scale monolithic catalysts for high-temperature oxidation.

Platinum-group metals (Pt) commonly used in thermal catalytic processes often suffer from catalyst deactivation, such as Pt sintering, Pt overoxidation, and Pt loss under high-temperature conditions. To address these, we present a novel Pt/CeZrO catalyst, featuring isolated Pt single atoms (Pt) on a CeZrO support with an ordered macroporous (OM) structure. Firstly, Zr-stabilized dynamic low-coordinated Pt releases more free d-electrons by reducing Pt-O bond occupation, thereby preserving peroxide activity at high temperatures and enhancing propane C-H activation.

Systematic modulation of bacterial resource allocation by perturbing RNA polymerase availability via synthetic transcriptional switches.

Gene regulation and its interplay with physiological behaviors are the central topics of modern biology. Classical studies on gene regulation focus intensively on specific regulatory mechanisms of transcription. Nevertheless, the genome-wide impact of RNA polymerase (RNAP) availability on gene expression remains poorly understood.

Interfacial Charge Separation Engineering Enables Dual Small-Molecule Probe-Based Photoelectrochemical Multi-Enzyme Sensing.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors remain constrained in multianalyte detection due to inefficient charge separation and signal crosstalk. To address these challenges, we developed a dual small-molecule probe-modulated charge separation system by integrating coumarin 6 (C6) and a silane probe (SP) into a titanium-based metal organic framework (Ti MOF). The porous crystalline structure and favorable electron transport properties of the Ti MOF enable efficient interfacial electron redistribution between the molecular probes and the MOF scaffold.

Impact of acute and chronic cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity of the upper and lower extremity muscles in young healthy females.

Background: Few studies have evaluated the impact of exercise on specific skeletal muscle microvascular function, despite its importance. This study aimed to assess the acute and chronic effects of cycling exercise on microvascular reactivity in the upper and lower extremities of young healthy females.

Methods: Eighteen young healthy females performed an acute bout of cycling exercise on a cycle ergometer at 75 % of their maximal heart rate for 30 min, both before and after cycling training three times a week for eight weeks.

Identification and Expression Profiling of Scorpion Ionotropic Receptors and Gustatory Receptors Based on the Transcriptomic Analysis.

Chemical signal perception plays a crucial role in arthropod reproduction and survival. The scorpion is one of the oldest terrestrial arthropods; however, its knowledge of the chemosensory genes remains unclear. Based on the transcriptomic analysis of widely distributed Mesobuthus martensii in China, 46 candidate gustatory receptors (GRs) and 80 candidate ionotropic receptors (IRs)/ionotropic Glutamate receptors (iGluRs) overall showed similar expression trends in different tissues between the third-instar and adult scorpions, which suggested that young scorpions possessed a relatively complete chemical perception capability.

In Situ Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Viscosity Probe.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have significant value in disease diagnosis. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a global health issue, and real-time monitoring of NAFLD is crucial to prevent its further deterioration. However, due to the lack of effective probes, in situ detection of EVs in living systems is still challenging, which hinders the application of EVs in the diagnosis of NAFLD and other diseases.

Asymmetric Radical Coupling to Form β-Amino Acid Esters by Synergistic Chiral Phosphoric Acid and Photocatalysis.

β-Amino acids are essential building blocks in bioactive molecules, offering unique properties and potential in peptide and drug synthesis. Among them, β-amino acids-characterized by a contiguous quaternary and tertiary stereocenter-represent a structurally unique subclass with promising biological potential. However, their broader application has been hampered by the scarcity of general and efficient synthetic methods.

Thiophenol-Catalyzed Radical Hydroformylation of Unactivated Sterically Hindered Alkenes.

Sterically congested alkenes─ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals and industrial intermediates─remain inaccessible to classical hydroformylation due to prohibitive steric strain in transition-metal catalysis. Here, we report a thiophenol-catalyzed radical hydroformylation that overcomes dual steric and electronic constraints through a synergistic system: bench-stable α-chloro -methoxyphthalimides (formyl precursors) and a tailored thiophenol HAT catalyst. This metal-free strategy achieves unprecedented hydroformylation of unactivated, tri-, and tetrasubstituted alkenes─including electron-rich styrenes and aliphatic alkene systems─with high chemo- and regioselectivity.

The mA writer complex function in main stem apex development by promoting mRNA stability of GIF3, HDA6, and KNAT2/6 in Gossypium hirsutum.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant internal posttranscriptional modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), which can be involved in the regulation of mRNA metabolism and processing. Although some progress has been made in understanding the methylation mechanism of mRNA mA in plants, our knowledge and comprehension of this process in cotton is still significantly limited. In this study, we identified the cotton mA writers, namely GhMTA-A/D, GhMTB-A/D, and GhFIP37-A/D.

Exploring the mediating roles of bullying, school fighting, and media literacy in the relationship between social-emotional competence and cyberbullying among adolescents.

Background: Cyberbullying has become a significant concern among adolescents, with various factors contributing to its prevalence. Previous research suggests that social-emotional competence can influence bullying behaviors and cyberbullying, but the mediating roles of bullying, school conflict, and media literacy remain underexplored.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate how social-emotional competence relates to cyberbullying, specifically examining the mediating roles of bullying behaviors, school fighting, and media literacy among Iranian adolescents.

Ethane dehydrogenation over CaCO-mediated tandem catalysts.

CO-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkane is a promising and innovative technology for light olefin production; however, the interference of side reactions and sluggish reactivity of CO limit olefin yields. This paper describes an economically viable tandem catalytic system by coupling alkane dehydrogenation and the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, employing PtSn/SiO as ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) sites and nano-CaCO as the hydrogen acceptor for sequent RWGS. This tandem catalytic system significantly surpasses commercial CrO- and Pt-based catalytic systems, and breaks the EDH thermodynamic equilibrium limitation, reaching 142% of the nominal equilibrium ethylene yield of non-oxidative EDH process with 96.

The natural stable isotope index for de novo structural elucidation of phytomolecules with geographical and biological tracing.

Not like the sequencing of genome and proteome that deals with the linear combination of base-pairs or amino acids, identification of unknown natural products has been always challenging due to diverse structures and various isomers. Searching fragment ions generated by mass spectrometers against databases has been the well-recognized approach. Because current searching algorithms generally compare unit masses and associated absolute intensities of ions, long lists of candidates with close similarity matching scores make it very difficult to achieve unambiguous structural identification.

Individuals with High Social Anhedonia but not Schizophrenia Exhibited Altered Empathy in Daily Life.

Background And Hypothesis: Despite empathic abnormalities exhibited in both clinical and subclinical samples of schizophrenia (SCZ) in the laboratory, understanding of their empathy in the real world remains limited. This study applied the experience sampling method (ESM) to investigate empathy in people with SCZ and high social anhedonia (SocAnh), as well as its associations with social pleasure and emotional states in daily life.

Study Design: Thirty-one participants with SCZ, 31 individuals with high SocAnh, and 32 healthy controls completed a 7-day ESM survey (10 surveys per day) to assess empathy, social pleasure, and emotional states in daily life.

Observation of the Very Rare Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} Decay.

The first observation of the Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decay is reported with high significance using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. A yield of 237±16  Σ^{+}→pμ^{+}μ^{-} decays is obtained, where the uncertainty is statistical only.

Cobalt-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective reductive coupling of cyclobutenes and aldehydes through umpolung reactivity.

Catalytic diastereo- and enantioselective functionalization of cyclobutenes represents a general and modular strategy for the construction of enantioenriched complex cyclobutanes. However, all precedents focused on reactions of cyclobutenes with nucleophilic organometallic intermediates, whereas transformations of cyclobutenes with electrophiles remained unknown. Herein, we report an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed protocol for diastereo- and enantioselective reductive coupling of unactivated cyclobutenes and aldehydes.

Research on the improvement of daily living skills of children with autism in virtual campus environments.

This study investigated the effectiveness of daily living skills intervention training for children with autism in a virtual campus setting. First, six children with autism (age M = 10.50, SD = 2.

Nonlinear time domain and multi-scale frequency domain feature fusion for time series forecasting.

Time series analysis plays a critical role in informed decision-making across domains like energy management, transportation systems, and financial markets. Real-world time series data are inherently characterized by nonlinear dynamics and multi-scale temporal features. Nevertheless, existing methods face challenges such as insufficient nonlinear modeling, incomplete multi-scale feature separation, and ineffective time-frequency domain fusion.

High-spin surface Fe = O synthesis with molecular oxygen and pyrite for selective methane oxidation.

Nature-inspired high-spin Fe = O generation enables efficient ambient methane oxidation. By engineering sulfur-bridged dual ≡Fe…Fe≡ sites on pyrite (FeS) mimicking soluble methane monooxygenase, we achieve O-driven formation of high-spin (S = 2) surface Fe = O species at room temperature and pressure. Strategic removal of bridging S atoms creates active sites that facilitate O activation via transient ≡Fe-O-O-Fe≡ intermediates, promoting homolytic O - O bond cleavage.

Imaging the Redox Network of Metabolic Acids with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Photoinduced Electron Transfer Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Metabolic acids may be present as neutral molecules, dipolar ions, or polyprotic anions in various physiological and pathological processes with different net charges, which challenge charge-dependent mass spectrometric detection. In addition, because protonation or deprotonation is the major ionization route in current organic mass spectrometry, it is also impossible to detect other redox metabolites that do not have active protons. A matrix assisted laser desorption and photoinduced electron transfer ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) technique has been developed as a spatial metabolomic tool to investigate the missing part of the redox network.

Influence of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent depression in China: roles of self-deviant behavior, academic performance, and academic stress.

Background: Adolescent depression is a growing concern that warrants increased attention, and the peer effect based on peer networks has a fundamental influence on adolescent depression. However, little is known about the roles of self-deviant behavior and academic performance and stress in the influence of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent depression.

Methods: Based on the China Education Panel Survey data from 2013 to 2015 (n = 8311), this study explored the impact of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent depression.