Bat echolocation signals based on the time-varying autoregressive method.

Bat echolocation is among the most efficient biological sonar known to human, and is highly valuable for biomimetic research. Most bats produce dynamically changing echolocation signals, which is the key to high task performance. Although considerable progress has been made in bat sonar bionics research, the working mechanism of the bat sonar system has not yet been fully revealed, mainly reflecting the imperfect parameterized model of the bat vocal system.

Decreased Lysosomal Polarity during Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury Revealed by a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe.

Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) has become one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide, and developing rapid, highly sensitive methods for AALI detection is urgently needed. AALI is closely associated with lysosomal damage; however, as an important microenvironmental indicator reflecting lysosomal status, the changes in lysosomal polarity during AALI are still unclear. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescent probe, , to target lysosomes to unveil the lysosomal polarity changes during AALI.

Decision-making efficiency with aided information: the impact of automation reliability and task difficulty.

Although it is commonly believed that automation aids human decision-making, conflicting evidence raises questions about whether individuals would gain greater advantages from automation in difficult tasks. Our study examines the combined influence of task difficulty and automation reliability on aided decision-making. We assessed decision efficiency by employing the single-target self-terminating (STST) capacity coefficient in Systems Factorial Technology, estimating the ratio of performance with aided information to that without it.

A dual-dimension collaborative enhancement framework to boost language model spatial semantic understanding.

Spatial expressions, which describe the spatial relationships between objects, are a common phenomenon in natural language. Accurately understanding the semantics of spatial expressions in text requires not only linguistic knowledge but also spatial cognition to construct spatial scenarios, and world knowledge for spatial reasoning. The task of spatial semantic understanding demands strong logical reasoning capabilities, posing a significant challenge for small language models with limited parameters.

How Does Meaning-Centered Coping Influence College Students' Mental Health? The Mediating Roles of Interdependent Self-Construal and School Connectedness.

Meaning-centered coping is regarded as an effective strategy for managing stress and preventing mental disorders. However, it remains unclear how it influences mental health by affecting both the self and social connection dimensions. This study investigated 856 college students through a questionnaire, examining how meaning-centered coping affects their mental health (depression and anxiety).

The Relationship Between Self-Concept Clarity and Meaning in Life Among Adolescents: Based on Variable-Centered Perspective and Person-Centered Perspective.

A clear understanding of one's identity is essential for adolescents to lead a meaningful and purposeful life. We investigated the relationship between self-concept clarity and meaning in life among 2288 adolescents through a cross-sectional survey, using both variable-centered and person-centered approaches. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between self-concept clarity and meaning in life among Chinese adolescents, as well as its dimensions.

Inconsistent Bodily Feedback? Interoceptive Sensibility Affects Internet Gaming Disorder in Emerging Adults.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been a prominent social problem throughout the world, causing various physical health issues, and interoceptive sensibility-the ability to perceive internal bodily signals-may be a key factor in this process. However, the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and IGD remains unclear. This study examined how interoceptive sensibility contributes to IGD, the potential mediating roles of positive outcome expectancy and flow experience, as well as the moderating role of refusal self-efficacy.

Do College Freshmen Who Engage More in Online Social Comparison Tend to Be More Confused About Themselves? The Roles of Rumination and Self-Compassion.

Online social comparisons play a vital role in adolescents and young adults' self-development. This study extended research on the influence of online social comparisons on self-concept clarity among college freshmen. This study investigated the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between online social comparisons and self-concept clarity among college freshmen and further examined the moderating effect of self-compassion on this mediational pathway.

Genetic structure of two oak species with different seed sizes in fragmented urban forests.

Forest fragmentation induced by urbanization usually has a negative effect on gene flow by limiting animal-mediated seed dispersal. Since the effect of forest fragmentation on animal-induced seed dispersal is related to seed size, it is likely that the impact of such fragmentation on genetic structure varies among the species with different seed sizes. To test this prediction, we investigated the genetic diversity, structure and kinship structure of seedlings and adult trees in two different seed-sized oaks, Quercus variabilis and Quercus chenii, which are undergoing seed dispersal limitation in urban areas, e.

Can GPT-4 provide human-level emotion support? Insights from machine learning-based evaluation framework.

The global shortage of mental health services has sparked considerable interest in leveraging generative artificial intelligence (AI) to address psychological health challenges. This study systematically evaluates the emotional support capabilities of GPT-4 and explores ways to enhance its performance through targeted prompt engineering. Initially, natural language processing and explainable machine learning were employed to develop a predictive model for evaluating the empathy of GPT-4's responses.

Research on the impact of energy transition policies on corporate ESG performance.

Energy transition policies are pivotal in fostering green economic growth and addressing environmental pollution. However, their potential negative effects on businesses remain underexplored. This paper examines the impact of energy transition policies on corporate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance by leveraging a quasi-natural experiment based on the New Energy Demonstration City (NEDC) policy.

Biomimetic Organohydrogels with Tunable Architectures via Controlled Evaporation-Freeze/Thaw Self-Assembly.

Conventional hydrogels often face inherent limitations such as dehydration sensitivity, mechanical brittleness, and optical opacity, which severely restrict their advanced applications. In this study, we report a controlled evaporation-freeze/thaw self-assembly strategy for fabricating biomimetic poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide nanosheet (PG) organohydrogels with tunable architectures. Inspired by natural nacre, homogeneous layered PG organohydrogels are engineered to simultaneously achieve superior mechanical properties and optical transparency, enabled by a nacre-mimetic "brick-and-mortar" microstructure with aligned polymer-nanosheet interfaces.

Resilience and adaptive strategies for managing stigma in Chinese people with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global public health issue, with a substantial population in China. Influenced by traditional Chinese medicine that links kidney health to sexual vitality, people with CKD in China face unique societal stigmatization. This study aimed to explore the stigmatization experiences of individuals with CKD in China and their corresponding coping strategies.

When buildings become barriers: assessing the impact of building height on the equality of emergency medical services accessibility-a dual-trip study in Wuhan, China.

Background: As urbanization accelerates, the height of urban buildings continues to rise, which may influence the provision of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). However, a current limitation is that related studies often neglect the impact of spatial variations in building height on EMS accessibility equality. Most scholars have focused primarily on EMS road travel-either the Departure Road Trip (DRT) or the Transport Trip (TT)-while overlooking the effects of building height on the in-building EMS trip, known as the Patient Access Trip (PAT).

Heterogeneous Catalysts for Toluene Oxidation.

The selective activation of C(sp)-H bonds in toluene to produce high value-added oxygenated chemicals represents a pivotal challenge and opportunity for both fundamental researches and industrial applications. Since the C(sp)-H bonds are both thermodynamically robust and kinetically inert, conventional catalytic techniques for the activation process require the use of toxic, aggressive, and costly reagents under rather harsh conditions. By virtue of high stability and ease separation of catalysts, heterogeneous catalysis, especially heterogeneous photocatalysis, has emerged as promising candidates for the activation of C-H bonds under mild conditions.

Tuning Microenvironment over Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Enzyme Immobilization and Sensitive Immunoassay.

Immobilizing enzymes within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) enables enzymes to act against extreme environments. However, immobilized enzymes usually face confined and inappropriate microenvironments, resulting in decreased bioactivity and significantly affecting their practical applications. Herein, we propose a functionalized hierarchically porous MOF (HP-MOFs) for efficient enzyme immobilization.

Synthesis and biological activity of neopeltolide and analogs.

Neopeltolide, a macrolide natural product of marine origin, was initially isolated from a deep-sea sponge belonging to the Neopeltidae family. This compound has garnered significant attention due to its intriguing structural complexity and remarkable biological potency. Since its discovery, the scientific community has reported over twenty distinct total syntheses, formal syntheses, and fragment syntheses of this natural product, along with developing more than eighty neopeltolide analogues with their corresponding biological evaluations.

Predicting the achievement emotions of elementary and middle school students in online learning based on control-value theory.

Introduction: Achievement emotions have a profound impact on students' academic achievements and learning strategies, especially in online learning context where students may face great challenges in maintaining positive emotions due to physical separation and social isolation. While most studies focus on achievement emotions as predictors of academic performance, fewer have examined them as outcome variables. However, achievement emotions themselves can be seen as an important learning outcome, as experiencing positive achievement emotions is also a valuable learning goal.

Learn from your competitor or cooperator? A hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy study of gender-specific neural dynamics during interactive learning.

Social learning, a critical mechanism for human adaptation to complex societal environments, hinges not only on learners' cognitive and emotional processes but also on modes and contexts of social interaction. However, the exact mechanisms by which these factors impact social learning, and how gender differences modulate this process, remain unclear. This study employed a dual-player version of the Iowa Gambling Task, where participants alternated selecting decks under cooperative or competitive conditions.

Computational Exploration of Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Cyclobutanone with Alkene Catalyzed by Rhodium Versus Nickel: The Origins of Selectivities.

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the rhodium- and nickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of cyclobutanone with alkene, and uncover the origins of various selectivities. The major findings are as follows: (1) the previously proposed cyclometalation pathway for the nickel system is energetically unfavorable due to large bridge ring strain, and low electron density of Ni-center; (2) both catalytic systems follow a similar reaction pathway, including C-C(acyl) bond oxidative addition, C═C bond insertion, and C-C bond reductive elimination, but the insertion mode of C═C bond differs; (3) C═C bond insertion is a regio- and chemoselectivity determination step. Due to spatial configuration of the metal complex and orbital interaction, in the Rh system, the C═C bond undergoes 1,2-insertion into the Rh-C bond to form [3.

Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Monophosphino--Carboranes by Rh(I)-Catalyzed B(3,6)-H Arylation under Microwave Irradiation.

Rh(I)-catalyzed B(3,6)-H arylation of monophosphino--carborane and a variety of aryl halides bearing -substituted and di--substituted groups can be carried out under microwave irradiation. Sterically hindered B(3)-arylated and B(3,6)-diarylated products were obtained in 11-95% yields.

Significantly Boosted Th2-Selective Activity of NKT Cell Agonist Enabled by Sulfonamide Hydrogen-Bond Design.

Natural killer T (NKT) cell agonists can serve as promising immunotherapeutic agents by tuning proinflammatory (Th1) or anti-inflammatory (Th2) effects. Th2-biased NKT cell agonists often derive from truncating lipid chains but usually have activity lower than that of the parental glycolipid αGalCer. This study identified highly potent Th2-biased αGalCer analogs through structure-guided sulfonamide modification, aiming to introduce additional hydrogen bonds within the glycolipid/CD1d complex.

Triazine-Based Porous Organic Polymers with High CO Adsorption Capacity: Enhancing Flame Retardancy and Preventing Molten Dripping in Biobased Nylon 56.

Biobased Nylon 56 is inherently flammable and prone to producing significant melt droplets during combustion, presenting substantial challenges for flame-retardant applications. Herein, we propose a novel and eco-friendly flame-retardant strategy for Nylon 56 by leveraging the high CO adsorption capacity of triazine-based organic porous polymers. These triazine-based organic porous polymers (PTs), constructed within the fabric through a simple in situ polymerization process, form a robust protective barrier during combustion.

The Combined Effects of Pesticide Behavior and Target Specificity Determine the Diversity of Pesticide Toxicity to Bees.

Bees are essential pollinators for nearly three-quarters of global grain crops, affecting agricultural productivity and economic development worldwide. The survival of bees is threatened by multiple factors, such as pesticides, climatic conditions, and pathogens, of which pesticides are the main factor of concern. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the toxic effects of structurally diverse pesticides on bees.

Trend of Chinese adolescent anxiety symptoms before and after COVID-19: A cross-temporal meta-analysis with segmented regression.

Adolescent anxiety symptoms are a global concern, and studying their trends and influencing factors in China is essential due to unique cultural and social dynamics impacting mental health. This study presents a cross-temporal meta-analysis of research employing the GAD-7 to assess anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted across databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley, resulting in the inclusion of 66 articles (67 studies) spanning data collection from 2016 to 2023.