Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system, a new therapeutic target for sleep disorders.

Sleep disorders encompass a range of diseases and symptoms that disrupt individual sleep patterns, degrade sleep quality, and diminish sleep efficiency. Currently, the mechanisms governing sleep regulation and the etiology of sleep disorders remain unclear, leading to clinical treatments that are primarily symptomatic due to the absence of precise intervention methods. Recent studies suggest that glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic route is responsible for the clearance of macromolecular metabolites from the brain, thus playing a pivotal role in maintaining sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythm.

A Spatiotemporal Causal Model for Revealing Developmental Changes in Infants' Brain Effective Connectivity Networks During the First Year of Life.

Objective: The infant's brain undergoes significant structural and physiological transformations during the first year of life. Although extensive research has explored brain development during this critical period, most studies relied on traditional functional connectivity rather than effective connectivity (EC).

Methods: We proposed a novel spatiotemporal Granger causality model for discovering causal relationships from time series.

Bat echolocation signals based on the time-varying autoregressive method.

Bat echolocation is among the most efficient biological sonar known to human, and is highly valuable for biomimetic research. Most bats produce dynamically changing echolocation signals, which is the key to high task performance. Although considerable progress has been made in bat sonar bionics research, the working mechanism of the bat sonar system has not yet been fully revealed, mainly reflecting the imperfect parameterized model of the bat vocal system.

Effects of Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at Different Frequencies on Working Memory: An EEG Study.

Background: The cerebellum serves as an important target for non-invasive cognitive regulation because of its involvement in diverse cognitive processes via cerebro-cerebellar circuits. However, the efficiency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in different cognitive behavior protocols remains elusive.

Objective: To investigate changes in working memory and behavioral performance after different cerebellar rTMS to provide objective neurobiological guidance for optimizing cerebellar TMS parameters.

Epileptic seizure biophysics: the role of local voltage difference.

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to hyperexcitable neuronal network activity. The manifestations vary widely, ranging from subtle sensory disturbances to profound alterations of consciousness, depending on which brain regions are affected and their underlying etiology. Exploring the biophysical mechanisms of epileptic seizures holds significant for predicting and controlling the disease.

Cerebellar Crus II Regulates Recognition and Spatial Memory in Mice.

The cerebellar Crus II is implicated in the late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its specific roles in memory regulation and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Using in vivo fiber photometry, we observed robust activation of Crus II neurons in healthy mice during recognition memory tasks. Acute chemogenetic inhibition of Crus II neurons impaired recognition and spatial memory in mice.

Inducing Long-Term Plastic Changes and Visual Attention Enhancement Via One-Week Cerebellar Crus II Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS): An EEG Study.

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a non-invasive technique frequently employed to induce neural plastic changes and enhance visual attention. Currently, most studies utilized a single iTBS session on healthy subjects to induce short-term neural plastic changes within tens of minutes post-stimulation and investigate its single-session effect on attention performance. Few studies have conducted multiple iTBS sessions on the cerebellum to explore long-term effects on the cerebral cortex and daily effects on visual attention performance.

EEG alpha/beta features as a biomarker for quantifying pain in patients with lumbar disk herniation.

Introduction: An objective and precise pain evaluation is of significant clinical value, and electroencephalography as a non-invasive physiological signal has been demonstrated to correlate with subjective pain perception. This study aimed to analyze the EEG changes in patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) under traditional Chinese medicine small needle knife and to further explore the feasibility of EEG as an indicator of pain assessment in patients with LDH.

Methods: This study conducted resting-state electroencephalography on 20 patients with LDH before and after treatment and on 20 healthy controls, respectively.

Prevalent Harmonic Interaction in the Bat Inferior Colliculus.

Animal vocalizations and human speech are typically characterized by a complex spectrotemporal structure, composed of multiple harmonics, and patterned as temporally organized sequences. However, auditory research often employed simple artificial acoustic stimuli or their combinations. Here we addressed the question of whether the neuronal responses to natural echolocation call sequences can be predicted by manipulated sequences of incomplete constituents at the midbrain inferior colliculus (IC).

Effects of one-week bilateral cerebellar iTBS on resting-state functional brain network and multi-task attentional performance in healthy individuals: A randomized, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) modulates the excitability of the cerebral cortex and may enhance attentional performance. To date, few studies have conducted iTBS on healthy subjects for one week and used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the effect of multiple stimulation sessions on resting-state functional brain networks and the daily stimulation effect on attentional performance.

Methods: 16 healthy subjects participated in a one-week experiment, receiving bilateral cerebellar iTBS or sham stimulation and engaging in multi-task attentional training.

Identification and Verification of Error-Related Potentials Based on Cerebellar Targets.

The error-related potential (ErrP) is a weak explicit representation of the human brain for individual wrong behaviors. Previously, ErrP-related research usually focused on the design of automatic correction and the error correction mechanisms of high-risk pipeline-type judgment systems. Mounting evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays an important role in various cognitive processes.

Effects of insect pursuit on the Doppler shift compensation in a hipposiderid bat.

Doppler shift compensation (DSC) is a unique feature observed in certain species of echolocating bats and is hypothesized to be an adaptation to detecting fluttering insects. However, current research on DSC has primarily focused on bats that are not engaged in foraging activities. In this study, we investigated the DSC performance of Pratt's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros pratti, which was trained to pursue insects in various motion states within a laboratory setting.

Investigation into white matter microstructure differences in visual training by using an automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification method.

Visual training has emerged as a useful framework for investigating training-related brain plasticity, a highly complex task involving the interaction of visual orientation, attention, reasoning, and cognitive functions. However, the effects of long-term visual training on microstructural changes within white matter (WM) is poorly understood. Therefore, a set of visual training programs was designed, and automated fiber tract subclassification segmentation quantification based on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was performed to obtain the anatomical changes in the brains of visual trainees.

Unraveling the Impact of Cerebellar Stimulation on Attentional Performance: A Behavioral Study.

Attentional processes play a crucial role in our ability to perceive and respond to relevant stimuli. The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor control, has recently garnered attention as a potential contributor to attention modulation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on attentional performance using three behavioral tasks: dot counting, target selection, and multi-tasking.

Differences and Changes in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity of Parkinson's Patients with Visual Hallucinations.

Recent studies have discovered that functional connections are impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) accompanied by hallucinations (PD-H), even at the preclinical stage. The cerebellum has been implicated in playing a role in cognitive processes. However, the functional connectivity (FC) between the cognitive sub-regions of the cerebellum in PD patients with hallucinations needs further clarification.

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at the Cerebellum on Working Memory.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a widely used brain intervention technique in clinical settings. In recent years, the role of the cerebellum in learning and memory has become one of the hotspots in the field of cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we recruited 36 healthy college or graduate students as subjects and divided them into groups, with 10 to 14 subjects in each group.

A Method for the Study of Cerebellar Cognitive Function-Re-Cognition and Validation of Error-Related Potentials.

The cerebellar region has four times as many brain cells as the brain, but whether the cerebellum functions in cognition, and how it does so, remain unexplored. In order to verify whether the cerebellum is involved in cognition, we chose to investigate whether the cerebellum is involved in the process of error judgment. We designed an experiment in which we could activate the subject's error-related potentials (ErrP).

Physiological and Neural Changes with Rehabilitation Training in a 53-Year Amputee: A Case Study.

Many people who received amputation wear sEMG prostheses to assist in their daily lives. How these prostheses promote muscle growth and change neural activity remains elusive. We recruited a subject who had his left hand amputated for over 53 years to participate in a six-week rehabilitation training using an sEMG prosthesis.

Special Patterns of Dynamic Brain Networks Discriminate Between Face and Non-face Processing: A Single-Trial EEG Study.

Face processing is a spatiotemporal dynamic process involving widely distributed and closely connected brain regions. Although previous studies have examined the topological differences in brain networks between face and non-face processing, the time-varying patterns at different processing stages have not been fully characterized. In this study, dynamic brain networks were used to explore the mechanism of face processing in human brain.

Development of a Wearable Glove System with Multiple Sensors for Hand Kinematics Assessment.

In traditional hand function assessment, patients and physicians always need to accomplish complex activities and rating tasks. This paper proposes a novel wearable glove system for hand function assessment. A sensing system consisting of 12 nine-axis inertial and magnetic unit (IMMU) sensors is used to obtain the acceleration, angular velocity, and geomagnetic orientation of human hand movements.

Specific Neuronal Oscillatory Coupling over Frontal and Occipito-temporal Regions during Face Perception.

Specific neuronal oscillatory activity had been considered as the underling mechanism for face processing. However, few studies focused on the neuronal oscillatory coupling between neuronal assembles during face perception. In this study, we investigated the neuronal oscillatory coupling when human was in a face/non-face perceptual task.