Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system, a new therapeutic target for sleep disorders.

Sleep disorders encompass a range of diseases and symptoms that disrupt individual sleep patterns, degrade sleep quality, and diminish sleep efficiency. Currently, the mechanisms governing sleep regulation and the etiology of sleep disorders remain unclear, leading to clinical treatments that are primarily symptomatic due to the absence of precise intervention methods. Recent studies suggest that glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic route is responsible for the clearance of macromolecular metabolites from the brain, thus playing a pivotal role in maintaining sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythm.

Down syndrome and a presenilin 2 variant: dual genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD) is rare compared to sporadic AD, but dominant variants in genes involved in amyloid β (Aβ) processing are well-described. One such variant is in the presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene, N141I, and was first described in a family with Volga German descent. Separately, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are also at risk for early onset AD, having an extra copy of an amyloid precursor protein gene.

Effects of changes in rumen microbial adaptability on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in Horqin beef cattle during different seasons of grazing and supplementary feeding.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of changes in rumen microbial adaptability on rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in Horqin beef cattle during different seasons of grazing and supplementary feeding. Four healthy female Horqin beef cattle were selected as experimental animals for grazing and supplementary feeding. The feed, feces, and rumen fluid were collected in spring (March), summer (June), autumn (September), and winter (December) to determine nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and microflora.

Analysis of the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer with different KRAS gene subtypes.

Background: To explore the differences in tumor immune microenvironment between different KRAS mutation subtypes, and to provide a new direction for clinical immunotherapy of different subtypes of colorectal cancer.

Methods: We examined the spatial distribution of common inflammatory cell markers of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells and macrophages in 55 colorectal cancer patients with different KRAS gene phenotypes using immunohistochemistry and panoramic scanning. We analyzed the relationship between inflammatory cells and clinical information.

Directional dragging of silver nanowires in liquid crystals via optical gradient forces.

The optical gradient force was used to drag the silver nanowires (AgNWs) directly in liquid crystals (LCs), which possess fluidity, anisotropy, and excellent opto-electronic properties, making them ideal carriers for micro-nano structures. By employing a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate Airy beams, the optical gradient force was applied to AgNWs suspended in the LCs, causing directional movement and ordered arrangement. The experimental results demonstrated that effective manipulation and directional dragging of AgNWs can be achieved under specific optical conditions.

Advances in the clinical applications and research progress of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for erectile dysfunction: a narrative review.

Introduction: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a type of specific ultrasound that is delivered at low intensity and generated in pulsed wave mode. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic applications of LIPUS in the healing or regeneration of several tissues. However, research on LIPUS therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) is still limited.

Long-term exercise enhances meningeal lymphatic vessel plasticity and drainage in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Meningeal lymphatic drainage is crucial for the clearance of amyloid β (Aβ), supporting the maintenance of brain homeostasis. This makes it a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Long-term exercise can reduce the risk of AD; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Transcriptional corepressor OsTPR1 regulates tillering and lateral root development in rice.

TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS-Related (TPR) corepressors are key regulatory proteins that interact with a variety of transcription factors to form specific complexes, thereby modulating a wide range of signaling pathways and metabolic processes. This study explored the function of the rice TPR gene OsTPR1. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsTPR1 (OsTPR1-Ox) exhibited reduced lateral root density, whereas OsTPR1 RNA interference lines (OsTPR1-Ri) showed increased lateral root density.

Exploring the role of monocarboxylate transporter 4 in diverse KRAS mutation subtypes of colorectal Cancer.

This study explored the therapeutic potential of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4/SLC16A3) in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC). By integrating immunohistochemistry with UCSC Xena database analysis, we identified a distinct MCT4 expression pattern in KRAS-mutant CRC. Cytoplasmic MCT4 expression was positively correlated with KRAS mutation status and mismatch repair (MMR) proficiency, but negatively associated with sex and tumor differentiation.

Arhgef7 as a key target for enriched environment rescuing spatial cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease following early social isolation.

Background: Both social and physical environmental factors influence the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate how an enriched environment (EE) alleviates the detrimental effects of early social isolation (SI) on AD-like pathophysiology.

Methods: Four-week-old 5×FAD transgenic mice were randomly divided into group-housed and isolated groups.

Incidence, risk factors and outcomes for post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis: A retrospective study.

Background: Post-hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis (PH-PVT) is a life-threatening complication; however, the available literature on this topic is limited.

Aim: To examine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with PH-PVT.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent hepatic resection for various diseases between February 2014 and December 2023 at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital affiliated with Tsinghua University (Beijing, China) were retrospectively reviewed.

DGHNN: a deep graph and hypergraph neural network for pan-cancer related gene prediction.

Motivation: Studies on pan-cancer related genes play important roles in cancer research and precision therapy. With the richness of research data and the development of neural networks, several successful methods that take advantage of multiomics data, protein interaction networks, and graph neural networks to predict cancer genes have emerged. However, these methods also have several problems, such as ignoring potentially useful biological data and providing limited representations of higher-order information.

DNA2 and FANCM function in two distinctive pathways in disrupting TERRA R-loops and suppressing replication stress at ALT telomeres.

Cancers maintain their telomeres through two main telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs): 85-90% of cancers rely on telomerase, while 10-15% of cancers adopt the Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT) pathway. Previously, we and others reported that FANCM, one of the Fanconi Anemia proteins, plays a critical role in suppressing replication stress and DNA damage at ALT telomeres by actively disrupting TERRA R-loops [1-4]. Here, we showed that inactivation of DNA2 in ALT-positive (ALT+) cells, but not in telomerase-positive (TEL+) cells, induces a robust increase of replication stress and DNA damage at telomeres, which leads to a pronounced increase of many ALT properties, including telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs), and C-circles.

Case Report: Gastric intramural hematoma with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a child.

Gastric hematoma is an exceptionally rare condition in pediatric patients. It is characterized by the accumulation of blood within the gastric wall, resulting in the formation of a mass. Coagulopathy is the most common cause of gastric hematoma, although other etiologies include gastric ulcer, amyloidosis, pancreatitis, and splanchnic vascular aneurysms.

Machine learning models for pharmacogenomic variant effect predictions - recent developments and future frontiers.

Pharmacogenomic variations in genes involved in drug disposition and in drug targets is a major determinant of inter-individual differences in drug response and toxicity. While the effects of common variants are well established, millions of rare variations remain functionally uncharacterized, posing a challenge for the implementation of precision medicine. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have significantly enhanced the prediction of variant effects by considering DNA as well as protein sequences, as well as their evolutionary conservation and haplotype structures.

Developing a multiomics data-based mathematical model to predict colorectal cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most deadly cancer, with a high mortality rate and a high probability of recurrence and metastasis. Since continuous examinations and disease monitoring for patients after surgery are currently difficult to perform, it is necessary for us to develop a predictive model for colorectal cancer metastasis and recurrence to improve the survival rate of patients.

Results: Previous studies mostly used only clinical or radiological data, which are not sufficient to explain the in-depth mechanism of colorectal cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Effects of quercetin on rumen fermentation parameters, gas production and microflora of beef cattle.

Methane is an important component of greenhouse gases, and ruminant production is a significant source of methane emissions. At present, flavonoid feed additives have certain applications in methane inhibition in ruminants. However, the effects of different doses of quercetin on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen bacteria and archaea are still unclear.

Toward Quantum Federated Learning.

Quantum federated learning (QFL) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that merges the principles of quantum computing (QC) and federated learning (FL), with the goal of leveraging quantum technologies to enhance privacy, security, and efficiency in the learning process. Currently, there is no comprehensive survey for this interdisciplinary field. This review offers a thorough, holistic examination of QFL.

Effects of preservatives and drying methods on the nutrient composition and mould counts of hay and pellet processing of Oats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different preservatives and drying methods on the nutrient composition and mould counts of oat hay and oat pellets. Oat hay and oat pellets were divided into 5 groups: CON (without additives, control), CAP (with 5% calcium propionate), CUR (with 5% curcumin), SKU (with 5% Scutellaria baicalensis) and KC (with 2% potassium carbonate). The nutrients and mould counts of each group were determined after air drying, drying at 50 °C and drying at 50 °C with forced air for 48 h and 96 h, respectively.

Melatonin Mitigates Sleep Restriction-Induced Cognitive and Glymphatic Dysfunction Via Aquaporin-4 Polarization.

Chronic sleep restriction (SR) impairs the glymphatic clearance of macromolecular toxic metabolites, which is associated with the loss of perivascular polarization of aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to maintain the circadian rhythm of AQP4 polarization. However, the role of AQP4 polarization in Mel's protective effects against SR-induced brain dysfunction remains unclear.

Regional Liver Function Assessment Using Tc-GSA SPECT/CT Scintigraphy in Malignant Perihilar Biliary Tumor Undergoing Major Liver Resection: A Dual-Center Cohort Study.

Background: Cholestasis can lead to unreliable results of routine liver function assessment tests in clinical practice and the functional cutoff value of hepatectomy is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine which Tc-GSA scintigraphy functional indicators can predict post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) in patients before major liver resection due to malignant perihilar biliary disease. In addition, it aimed to assess the efficiency of functional future liver remnant (FLR) assessment of Tc-GSA scintigraphy indicators.

Modulating the Short-Range Correlation through the Assembly of Anisotropic Colloidal Clusters.

Disordered structures with short-range correlation exhibit unique photonic or thermal properties, often arising from the self-assembly of monodisperse microspheres. Colloidal clusters, aggregates of a defined number of microspheres, have anisotropic shapes and offer a unique approach to tailor the short-range correlation compared to traditional isotropic microspheres. However, this potential remains largely unexplored.

Cerebellar Crus II Regulates Recognition and Spatial Memory in Mice.

The cerebellar Crus II is implicated in the late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its specific roles in memory regulation and therapeutic potential remain unclear. Using in vivo fiber photometry, we observed robust activation of Crus II neurons in healthy mice during recognition memory tasks. Acute chemogenetic inhibition of Crus II neurons impaired recognition and spatial memory in mice.