Telomeric SUMO level influences the choices of APB formation pathways and ALT efficiency.

Many cancers use an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere maintenance. ALT telomeric DNA synthesis occurs in ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs). However, the mechanisms by which APBs form are not well understood.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of cell migration and invasion in endometriosis: Advances in pharmacological research (Review).

Endometriosis (EMS) is a prevalent gynecological disease afflicting reproductive-age women, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The clinical manifestations of this condition include pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and, in severe cases, infertility. The pathology of EMS is similar to that of malignant tumors in terms of implantation, invasion and metastasis, which complicates diagnosis and treatment.

DNA2 and FANCM function in two distinctive pathways in disrupting TERRA R-loops and suppressing replication stress at ALT telomeres.

Cancers maintain their telomeres through two main telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs): 85-90% of cancers rely on telomerase, while 10-15% of cancers adopt the Alternative Lengthening of Telomere (ALT) pathway. Previously, we and others reported that FANCM, one of the Fanconi Anemia proteins, plays a critical role in suppressing replication stress and DNA damage at ALT telomeres by actively disrupting TERRA R-loops [1-4]. Here, we showed that inactivation of DNA2 in ALT-positive (ALT+) cells, but not in telomerase-positive (TEL+) cells, induces a robust increase of replication stress and DNA damage at telomeres, which leads to a pronounced increase of many ALT properties, including telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs), and C-circles.

Telomeric SUMO level influences the choices of APB formation pathways and ALT efficiency.

Many cancers use an alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere maintenance. ALT telomeric DNA synthesis occurs in ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs). However, the mechanisms by which APBs form are not well understood.

Effects of fishing stress on fatty acid and amino acid composition and glycolipid metabolism in triploid rainbow trout.

Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss is an important economic fish worldwide. Fishing stress can affect its growth and meat quality. This study first explored the effects of fishing stress on fatty acid and amino acid in triploid O.

SUMO promotes DNA repair protein collaboration to support alternative telomere lengthening in the absence of PML.

The alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway maintains telomere length in a significant fraction of cancers that are associated with poor clinical outcomes. A better understanding of ALT mechanisms is therefore necessary for developing new treatment strategies for ALT cancers. SUMO modification of telomere proteins contributes to the formation of ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs), in which telomeres are clustered and DNA repair proteins are enriched to promote homology-directed telomere DNA synthesis in ALT.

Effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids on endometriosis.

In recent years, a growing body of research has confirmed that the gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of human health and disease. A gut microbiota imbalance can lead to the development of many diseases, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites of specific intestinal bacteria and are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and regulating metabolism and immunity.

SUMO Promotes DNA Repair Protein Collaboration to Support Alterative Telomere Lengthening in the Absence of PML.

Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway maintains telomeres in a significant fraction of cancers associated with poor clinical outcomes. A better understanding of ALT mechanisms can provide a basis for developing new treatment strategies for ALT cancers. SUMO modification of telomere proteins plays a critical role in the formation of ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs), where telomeres are clustered and DNA repair proteins are enriched to promote homology-directed telomere DNA synthesis in ALT.

TERRA-LSD1 phase separation promotes R-loop formation for telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells.

The telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) forms R-loops to promote homology-directed DNA synthesis in the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway. Here we report that TERRA contributes to ALT via interacting with the lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1 or KDM1A). We show that LSD1 localizes to ALT telomeres in a TERRA dependent manner and LSD1 function in ALT is largely independent of its demethylase activity.

Correlation analysis of vaginal flora and immune function Th1/Th2 imbalance in women with high-risk HPV infections in the female reproductive tract.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between vaginal flora and immune function Type 1 helper T cells/Type 2 helper T cells imbalance in females having HPV infections at high risk within the female reproductive tract. We selected 150 female patients who visited our hospital for reproductive tract inflammation between March 2019 and March 2021. They were divided into high-risk HPV-positive and high-risk HPV-negative groups according to the results of the HPV tests.

Advance in vasculogenic mimicry in ovarian cancer (Review).

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common and highly prevalent malignant tumor in women, associated with a high mortality rate, easy recurrence and easy metastasis, which is predominantly at an advanced stage when detected in patients. This renders the cancer more difficult to treat, and consequently it is also associated with a low survival rate, being the malignancy with the highest mortality rate among the various gynecological tumors. As an important factor affecting the development and metastasis of OC, understanding the underlying mechanism(s) through which it is formed and developed is crucial in terms of its treatment.

Advances in the role of gut microbiota in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (Review).

As a protector of human health, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of the immune system during childhood, and the regulation of dietary habits, metabolism and immune system during adulthood. Dysregulated gut flora is not pathogenic, but it can weaken the protective effect of the immune system and cause various diseases. The tumor microenvironment is a physiological environment formed during tumor growth, which provides nutrients and growth factors necessary for tumor growth.

CRISPR Cas13-Based Tools to Track and Manipulate Endogenous Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNAs in Live Cells.

TERRA, TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA, is a long non-coding RNA transcribed from telomeres. Emerging evidence indicates that TERRA regulates telomere maintenance and chromosome end protection in normal and cancerous cells. However, the mechanism of how TERRA contributes to telomere functions is still unclear, partially owing to the shortage of approaches to track and manipulate endogenous TERRA molecules in live cells.

Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres.

Chromatin-associated condensates are implicated in many nuclear processes, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This protocol describes a chemically-induced protein dimerization system to create condensates on telomeres. The chemical dimerizer consists of two linked ligands that can each bind to a protein: Halo ligand to Halo-enzyme and trimethoprim (TMP) to E.

Nuclear body phase separation drives telomere clustering in ALT cancer cells.

Telomerase-free cancer cells employ a recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway that depends on ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (APBs), whose function is unclear. We find that APBs behave as liquid condensates in response to telomere DNA damage, suggesting two potential functions: condensation to enrich DNA repair factors and coalescence to cluster telomeres. To test these models, we developed a chemically induced dimerization approach to induce de novo APB condensation in live cells without DNA damage.

Comparing Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Model Established in Mouse Kidney and on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane.

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer. Localized ccRCC has a favorable surgical outcome. However, one third of ccRCC patients will develop metastases to the lung, which is related to a very poor outcome for patients.

[Roles of vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.].

Objective: To assess roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Methods: (1) Expression of Prox1, a newly described lymphatic endothelial cell nucleus marker, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, PDGF-D were detected by RT-PCR in SKOV3 cell line and in 90 ovarian tissue samples, included 15 benign tumors, 10 borderline tumors, 45 malignant tumors and 20 normal ovarian samples. (2) Expression levels of Prox1, VEGF-A, -C, -D and PDGF-A, -B, -C, -D were detected in 90 ovarian tissue sample mentioned above by real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR).

Role of tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells in metastasis: a study of epithelial ovarian tumor in vitro.

Tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells (TLEC) could play a key role in the process of tumor metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TLECs that were isolated from human epithelial ovarian tumor (EOT) on ovarian cancer cell line CAOV-3 in vitro. First, TLECs in EOT were detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry, then marked by lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) marker LYVE-1, isolated by magnetic beads, and cultured in vitro.

Overexpression of transketolase-like gene 1 is associated with cell proliferation in uterine cervix cancer.

Background: Tumor cells need large energy and nucleic acids to proliferate and grow. For most of their energy needs, cancer cells depend more on glycolysis. For most of their nucleic acids needs, cancer cells depend more on the nonoxidative pathway of the pentose phosphate pathway.